1 | Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels | Umbelliferae | Dang Guei / Dang Gui(當歸) | Angelicae sinensis radix | dried root | Tonifying and replenishing medicinal (Blood tonifying medicinal). | Warm; sweet and pungent. | 4 |
2 | Ziziphus jujuba Mill. | Rhamnaceae | Da Zao / Da Zao(大棗) | Jujubae fructus | dried ripe fruit | Tonifying and replenishing medicinal (Qi tonifying medicinal). | Warm; sweet. | 4 |
3 | Panax ginseng C.A.Mey. | Araliaceae | Ren Shen / Ren Shen(人參) | Ginseng radix et rhizoma | dried root and rhizome | Tonifying and replenishing medicinal (Qi tonifying medicinal). | Mild warm; sweet and mild bitter. | 4 |
4 | Poria cocos (Schwein.) F.A.Wolf | Polyporaceae | Fu Ling / Fu Ling(茯苓) | Poria | dried sclerotium | Dampness-dispelling medicinal (Dampness draining diuretic medicinal). | Neutral; sweet and bland. | 4 |
5 | Ziziphus jujuba Mill. | Rhamnaceae | Suan Zao Ren/ Suan Zao Ren (酸棗仁) | Ziziphi Spinosae Semen | dried ripe seed | Nourishes heart, supplements liver, calms heart and spirit, astringes sweat, engenders fluid. | Sweet, sour, neutral | 4 |
6 | Polygala tenuifolia Willd. | Polyporaceae | Yuan Jhih / Yuan Zhi (遠志) | Polygalae Radix | dried roots | Calms spirit, boosts mental faculties, dispels phlegm, disperses swelling. | Bitter, acrid, slightly warm. | 3 |
7 | Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. | Leguminosae | 炙甘草; | Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma Praeparatum cum Melle | dried root and rhizome | Nourish the spleen and stomach, replenish qi and revitalize the pulse. | Sweet; neutral | 3 |
8 | Poria cocos (Schwein.) F.A.Wolf | Polyporaceae | Fu Shen (茯神) | Poria cum Pini Radix | dried sclerotium | Calm the mind, calm the nerves, conserve water | Sweet; neutral | 3 |
9 | Zingiber officinale Roscoe | Zingiberaceae | Sheng Jiang / Sheng Jiang (生薑) | Fresh Ginger Rhizome | fresh rhizome | Spreads sweating, resolves exterior, warms the middle, stops vomiting, warms lung, stops cough, resolves fish and crab toxin, resolves medicinal toxin. | Acrid, slightly warm | 3 |
10 | Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. | Umbelliferae | Chuan Cyong / Chuan Qiong (川芎) | Chuanxiong Rhizoma | dried rhizome | Invigorates the blood, eliminates stasis, moves qi, opens stagnation, dispels wind, relieves pain. | Acrid; warm. | 2 |
11 | Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch. | Leguminosae | Gan Cao / Gan Cao(甘草) | Glycyrrhizae radix et rhizoma | dried root and rhizome | Tonifying and replenishing medicinal (Qi tonifying medicinal). | Neutral; sweet. | 2 |
12 | Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge | Leguminosae | Huang Ci / Huang Qi (黃耆) | Astragali Radix | dried root | Supplements qi, secures the exterior, promotes urination, outthrusts toxin, expels pus, closes sore, engenders flesh. | Sweet; warm. | 2 |
13 | Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco | Cupressaceae | Bo Zih Ren / Bo Zi Ren (柏子仁) | Platycladi Semen | dried ripe seed | Nourishes the heart and calms the spirits, moistens intestines, relieves stools. | Sweet; neutral. | 2 |
14 | Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) | Magnoliaceae) | Wu Wei Zih / Wu Wei Zi (五味子) | Schisandrae Fructus | dried ripe seed | Astringes and secures, boosts qi, engenders fluid, supplements kidney, calms heart. | Sour, sweet, warm | 2 |
15 | Bupleurum chinense DC | Umbelliferae | Chai Hu / Chai Hu(柴胡) | Bupleuri radix | dried root | Exterior-releasing medicinal (Pungent-cold exterior-releasing medicinal). | Mild cold; pungent and bitter. | 2 |
16 | Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. | Compositae | Bai Jhu / Bai Zhu(白朮) | Atractylodis macrocephalae rhizoma | dried rhizome | Tonifying and replenishing medicinal (Qi tonifying medicinal). | Warm; bitter and sweet. | 2 |
17 | Zingiber officinale Rosc. | Zingiberaceae | Gan Jiang (乾薑) | Zingiberis Rhizoma Tostum | dried root | Warms the center, disperses cold, returns yang, frees the vessels, dries dampness, disperses phlegm, warms the lung, eliminates phlegm. | Acrid, hot. | 1 |
18 | Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge | Labiatae | Dan Shen / Dan Shen(丹參) | Salviae miltiorrhizae radix et rhizoma | dried root and rhizome | Blood-regulating medicinal (Blood-activating and stasis-dispelling medicinal). | Mild cold; bitter. | 1 |
19 | Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J.Presl | Lauraceae | Guei Jhih / Gui Zhi(桂枝) | Cinnamomi ramulus | dried twig | Exterior-releasing medicinal (Pungent-warm exterior-releasing medicinal). | Warm; pungent and sweet. | 1 |
20 | Asparagus cochinchinensis (Lour.) Merr. | Liliaceae | Tian Men Dong / Tian Men Dong(天門冬) | Asparagi radix | dried root | Tonifying and replenishing medicinal (Yin tonifying medicinal). | Cold; sweet and bitter. | 1 |
21 | Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breitenb. | Araceae | Ban Sia / Ban Xia(半夏) | Pinelliae rhizoma | dried tuber | Phlegm-dispelling medicinal (Dampness and phlegm eliminating medicinal). | Warm; pungent; toxic. | 1 |
22 | Paeonia lactiflora Pall. | Ranunculaceae | Bai Shao / Bai Shao(白芍) | Paeoniae alba radix | peeled and dried root | Tonifying and replenishing medicinal (Blood tonifying medicinal). | Mild cold; bitter and sour. | 1 |
23 | Triticum aestivum L. | Gramineae | Fu Siao Mai / Fu Xiao Ma (浮小麥) | Blighted Wheat | light and shriveled fruit of the dried caryopsis | Contain sweat, replenish qi, and remove heat. | Sweat, slightly cold. | 1 |
24 | Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breitenb. | Araceae | Jiang Ban Xia (薑半夏) | Pinelliae Rhizoma Fermentatum | dried tuber | Resolve phlegm and relieve cough, eliminate food, and relax | Bitter and pungent | 1 |
25 | Coptis chinensis Franch. | Ranunculaceae | Huang Lian / Huang Lian (黃連) | Coptidis Rhizoma | dried rhizome | Clears heat, dries dampness, drains fire, resolves toxin. | Bitter; cold. | 1 |
26 | Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J.Presl | Lauraceae | Rou Guei / Rou Gui(肉桂) | Cinnamomi cortex | dried bark of trunk | Interior-warming medicinal. | Highly hot; pungent and sweet. | 1 |
27 | Aucklandia lappa Decne. | Compositae | Mu Siang / Mu Xiang(木香) | Aucklandiae radix | dried root | Qi-regulating medicinal. | Warm; pungent and bitter. | 1 |
28 | Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge | Liliaceae | Jhih Mu / Zhi Mu (知母) | Anemarrhenae Rhizoma | dried rhizome | Clears heat, drains fire, engenders fluid, moistens dryness. | Bitter, sweet, cold. | 1 |
29 | Scrophularia ningpoensis Hemsl. | Scrophulariaceae | Syuan Shen / Xuan Shen (玄參) | Scrophulariae Radix | dried root | Clears heat, cools blood, drains fire, resolves toxin, nourishes yin. | Sweet, bitter, salty, slightly cold. | 1 |
30 | Rheum palmatum L. | Polygonaceae | Da Huang / Da Huang (大黃) | Rhei Radix et Rhizoma | dried and peeled root and rhizome | Relieves stagnation, clears damp-heat, reduces fire, cools blood, eliminates stasis, relieves toxin. | Bitter, cold. | 1 |
31 | Ophiopogon japonicus (L.f.) Ker Gawl. | Asparagaceae | Mai Men Dong / Mai Men Dong(麥門冬) | Ophiopogonis radix | dried root tuber | Tonifying and replenishing medicinal (Yin tonifying) | Mild cold; sweet and mild bitter. | 1 |
32 | Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi | Labiatae | Huang Cin / Huang Qin (黃芩) | Scutellariae Radix | dried root | Clears heat, dries dampness, drains fire, resolves toxin, stops bleeding, calms fetus, reduces blood pressure. | Bitter; cold. | 1 |
33 | | Campanulaceae | Jie Geng / Jie Geng (桔梗) | Platycodonis Radix; | dried root | Diffuses the lung, eliminates phlegm, promotes throat, expels pus, promotes five internal organs, supplements five qi, supplements five taxations, nourishes qi. | Bitter, acrid; neutral | 1 |
34 | Dimocarpus longan Lour. | Sapindaceae | Long Yan Rou (龍眼肉) | Longan Arillus | dried aril | Supplements heart and spleen, nourishes blood, calms spirit. | Sweet, warm. | 1 |
35 | Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) | Ostreidae | Mu Li / Mu Li (牡蠣) | Crassostreae concha | dried shell | Calms spirit by heavily settling, subdues yang, supplements yin, softens hardness and disperses binds. | Salty, slightly cold | 1 |
36 | Acorus tatarinowii Schott | Araceae | Shih Chang Pu / Shi Chang Pu (石菖蒲) | Acori Graminei Rhizoma | dried rhizome | Transforms dampness, opens stomach, opens orifices, sweeps phlegm, arouses spirit, sharpens mind. | Acrid, bitter, warm | 1 |
37 | Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. | Scrophulariaceae | Di Huang / Di Huang(地黃) | Rehmanniae radix | fresh or dried root | Heat-clearing medicinal (Heat-clearing and blood cooling medicinal). | Cold sweet and bitter. | 1 |
38 | Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. | Scrophulariaceae | Di Huang / Di Huang(熟地黃) | Rehmanniae radix | fresh or dried root | Heat-clearing medicinal (Heat-clearing and blood cooling medicinal). | Cold sweet and bitter. | 1 |
39 | Mentha haplocalyx Briq. | Labiastae | Bo He/ Bo He (薄荷) | Menthae Herba | dired aerial part | Disperses wind-heat clears the head and eyes, benefits the throat, vents rashes, courses the liver and resolves constraint. | Acrid; cool. | 1 |
40 | Fossilia Ossis Mastodi | | Long Gu (龍骨) | Draconis Os Preparata | | Calm the nerves, astringent astringent essence | odorless | 1 |