Supply chain contracts are important tools for sharing risk and increasing overall supply chain profitability. Research on supply chain contracts shows that supply chain actors can make more profit if they cooperate with other actors instead of acting alone. Game theory has become an important tool in the analysis of supply chains with multiple actors whose primary purpose is to increase their own profits. In cooperative games, players try to get more than they can alone by forming coalitions. In this study, buyback contract, which is one of the most used contract types in order to ensure supply chain coordination, is tried to be handled with the game theory. Considering the similarity of the relations between game theory and supply chain actors, it is aimed to distribute the profits of the supply chain more equitably. In the study the gains that the supply chain actors will gain in case of using buyback contract for different coalition options are calculated. Then, a game theory-based approach was followed to distribute profits fairly among supply chain actors. The results showed that the proposed approach can provide a more equitable profit sharing among supply chain actors. The main contribution of this study to the literature is that the profit sharing between supply chain actors has not been handled with the logic of game theory until this time. Therefore, it is thought that this study will open the door to examining other supply chain contracts within the scope of cooperative games.