1. | Yixing et al.(2015) | Particulate Matter (PM) | Heart (Indirectly injury by inducing systemic inflammation and oxidative stress in peripheral circulation) | Myocardial infarction, Cardiac arrhythmias, ischemic stroke, Vascular dysfunction, hypertension atherosclerosis |
2. | Kristen et al.(2015) | Trafic-related air pollution | Heart, Lung (Cellular and molecular effects lead to responses in various tissues and organs and eventually to cardiovascular effects) | Peripheral arterial disease, Ischaemic events, Arrhythmia events, Cardiomyopathy and heart failure |
3. | Mohammed Abdul et al.(2015) | Arsenic | Integumentary, nervous, respiratory, cardiovascular, hematopoietic, immune, endocrine, hepatic, renal system.( Arsenic has able to induce epigenetic changes and genetic mutations) | Atherosclerosis, hypertension, arrhythmia and diabetes, cancer. |
4. | Izah et al.(2016) | Heavy Metal Pollutant in potable Water | liver, brain, kidney, nervous system, heart.( Cause mutation leading to chromosomal changes) | Cardiovascular, respiratory, cancer, organ damage, poisoning, neurological, haematological diseases. |
5. | Antonella et al.(2017) | air pollution and particulate matter | Heart, lung (ultrafine particles can penetrate deeper into the lungs and deposit in alveolar regions during mouth breathing and contributes to the development of cardiovascular events by inducing a systemic inflammatory condition or affecting the autonomic nervous system | Heart failure, hypertension, myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, lung cancer, lung inflammation, direct blood translocation, and autonomic regulation. |
6. | Genchi et al.(2017) | Mercury Exposure | central nervous system, kidney, brain, heart.( Mercury exposure effect on cardiac parasympathetic activity and heart rate variability,) | Hypertension, coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, carotid artery obstruction, cerebrovascular accident, atherosclerosis. |
7. | Munawer (2017) | coal combustion and post-combustion wastes | liver, kidney, cardiac tissue, heart, skin, lung.( some pollutants produced during coal combustion which thereby changes the air quality and leads to increased respiratory and cardiovascular diseases with underlying poor life expectancy rates.) | malaria, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ,lung cancers, destabilization of the heartbeat, skin cancer, asthma, and cough, headache, throat and nose irritations, leukaemia |
8. | Olvera Alvarez et al.(2018) | Early life stress, air pollution | Heart, brain, lungs.(The effects of severe early life stressors that cause repeated biological stress responses, such as poverty, abuse, neglect, isolation, discrimination, humiliation, or violence. social factors interact with environmental factors via bio-behavioural pathways that in turn affect health.) | Increases adulthood risk for cardiovascular disease, stroke, diabetes, autoimmune disease, and certain cancers, depression. |
9. | Zhen et al.(2018) | Particulate Air Pollution | Heart, lung (PM-caused CVDs include direct toxicity to the cardiovascular system.) | Systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, abnormal coagulation function, vascular dysfunction and disturbance autonomic nervous system, blood pressure. |
10. | Roman et al.(2019) | Nano plastic | human cell lines, immune system, Lung, the gastrointestinal tract, skin. | oxidative stress pro-inflammatory responses |
11. | Hasan et al.(2019) | Water pollution | Infections in urinary and respiratory tracts, kidney, lung, effect on mind. (contaminated with several contaminants and show toxic effect on human health) | Typhoid, dysentery, diarrhoea, hepatitis A and hepatitis B, food poisoning, cholera, gastroenteritis, ascariasis, cryptosporidiosis, cancer. |
12. | Gautam et al.(2020) | Air pollutants volatile organic compounds, and heavy metals | Lungs, eyes, skin and hair, liver, bones, mind, reproductive system, heart, blood. | Cancer, diabetes, myocardial ischemia, cerebrovascular ischemia, inflammation, oxidative stress, increaded coagulability, endothelial dysfunction, hypertension. |
13. | Cunningham et al.(2020) | Air and water pollution | Skin, lung, heart, mental health (contaminated water and air increases the prevalence of a number of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases ) | lung cancer, heart and lung diseases, and asthmatic attacks, hepatitis, typhoid fever, gastroenteritis, dysentery, cholera, diarrhoea, malaria, giardiasis, and intestinal worms, anaemia, yellow fever, and dengue, digestive cancer. |
14. | Ferdous et al.(2020) | Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) | Liver, kidney, spleen, lung, heart, thymus, skin, brain, systemic circulation(transport and deposition of NPs smaller particle penetrate deeply into the alveolar region) | Mitochondrial damage, inflammation lung function, cardiac ischemic |
15. | Chen et al.(2021) | Effect of paraquat | Lung, brain, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, nervous system, and the immune system. ( PQ toxicity through the olfactory nerve cross the blood-brain barrier into the central nervous system and then cause damage) | pulmonary fibrosis, heart oxidative stress ,myocardial damage, e digestive system dysfunction, acute respiratory failure and multiorgan dysfunction syndrome |
16. | Shahrbaf et al.(2021) | Short-term and long-term exposure of the air pollutants | oxidative stress, autonomic dysfunction, coagulation dysfunction, and inflammation. | myocardial infarction, sudden cardiac death, cardiac arrhythmias, and peripheral arterial disease |