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Research article
A cross country comparison for the burden of cardiovascular disease attributable to tobacco exposure in China, Japan, USA and world
jingpu shi
The first Hospital of China Medical University
Corresponding Author
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Background Tobacco exposure (TE) is the major contributor for CVD mortality, but few published studies on CVD mortality attributable to TE have analyzed the potential reasons underlying long-term trends in China. Our study sought to find the potential reasons and compared CVD mortality attributable to TE in China, Japan, the United States of America (USA), and the world between 1990 and 2017.
Methods The mortality data in China, Japan, the USA, and the world were obtained from Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (GBD 2017). Joinpoint regression was used to assess the trend magnitude and directions over time for CVD mortality, while the age-period-cohort method was used to analyze the temporal trends of CVD mortality according to age, period, and cohort.
Results A significant downward trend was found in the age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) of CVD attributable to smoking in four regions. China had the smallest decline and the Chinese ASMR became the highest in 2017. All the annual net drifts in the four regions were negative and the local drifts were below zero. The longitudinal age curves of CVD mortality attributable to smoking increased in four regions, with China having the largest increase. The period or cohort RRs indicated a decline, and China had the smallest decline. The researchers further analyzed the IHD and stroke trends, finding that the morality and period or cohort RR of IHD in China was always at a high level.
Conclusions CVD mortality attributable to TE declined in four regions, and was highest in China. The proportion of IHD mortality attributable to TE was similar to stroke, which significantly changed the traditional cognition of CVD composition, but the control measure was not sufficient for IHD in China.
Keywords
Tobacco exposure, cardiovascular disease, age-period-cohort analysis
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CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
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Posted 03 Jun, 2020
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Submission checks complete
On 27 May, 2020
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Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 22 May, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 18 May, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 01 May, 2020
Editor assigned
On 28 Apr, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 28 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 27 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 03 Mar, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 01 Apr, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 31 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 27 Mar, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 07 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 04 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 04 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 20 Feb, 2020
First submitted
On 19 Feb, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 19 Feb, 2020
Editor invited
On 19 Feb, 2020
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This preprint is under consideration at BMC Public Health. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
A cross country comparison for the burden of cardiovascular disease attributable to tobacco exposure in China, Japan, USA and world
jingpu shi
The first Hospital of China Medical University
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 3
Posted 03 Jun, 2020
No community comments so far
Submission checks complete
On 27 May, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 22 May, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 18 May, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 01 May, 2020
Editor assigned
On 28 Apr, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 28 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 27 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 03 Mar, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 01 Apr, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 31 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 27 Mar, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 07 Mar, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 04 Mar, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 04 Mar, 2020
Editor assigned
On 20 Feb, 2020
First submitted
On 19 Feb, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 19 Feb, 2020
Editor invited
On 19 Feb, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background Tobacco exposure (TE) is the major contributor for CVD mortality, but few published studies on CVD mortality attributable to TE have analyzed the potential reasons underlying long-term trends in China. Our study sought to find the potential reasons and compared CVD mortality attributable to TE in China, Japan, the United States of America (USA), and the world between 1990 and 2017.
Methods The mortality data in China, Japan, the USA, and the world were obtained from Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (GBD 2017). Joinpoint regression was used to assess the trend magnitude and directions over time for CVD mortality, while the age-period-cohort method was used to analyze the temporal trends of CVD mortality according to age, period, and cohort.
Results A significant downward trend was found in the age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) of CVD attributable to smoking in four regions. China had the smallest decline and the Chinese ASMR became the highest in 2017. All the annual net drifts in the four regions were negative and the local drifts were below zero. The longitudinal age curves of CVD mortality attributable to smoking increased in four regions, with China having the largest increase. The period or cohort RRs indicated a decline, and China had the smallest decline. The researchers further analyzed the IHD and stroke trends, finding that the morality and period or cohort RR of IHD in China was always at a high level.
Conclusions CVD mortality attributable to TE declined in four regions, and was highest in China. The proportion of IHD mortality attributable to TE was similar to stroke, which significantly changed the traditional cognition of CVD composition, but the control measure was not sufficient for IHD in China.
Figure 1
Figure 2