Table.1 Baseline characteristics of high T-IgE and low T-IgE in patients
Variables
|
Total patients(n=285)
|
high T-IgE(n=142)
|
low T-IgE(n=143)
|
P-value
|
Age(years)
|
70.75±8.56
|
70.11±8.63
|
71.38±8.47
|
0.212#
|
Male
|
211(74.1%)
|
117(41.1%)
|
94(33.0%)
|
0.001&
|
BMI(kg/m 2)
|
22.20±4.57
|
21.57±4.29
|
22.83±4.77
|
0.019#
|
Smoking status
|
|
|
|
0.087&
|
Current Smokers
|
80(28.1 %)
|
45(15.8%)
|
35(12.3%)
|
|
Ex-smokers
|
118(41.4%)
|
62(21.8%)
|
56(19.6%)
|
|
No-smokers
|
87(30.5%)
|
35(12.3%)
|
52(18.2%)
|
|
Duration of COPD(years)
|
9.62±7.00
|
8.99±10.79
|
10.24±11.34
|
0.194*
|
Number of exacerbation in the past 12 months
|
1.37±1.00
|
1.37±1.78
|
1.37±1.05
|
0.696*
|
Spirometric Value(post-bronchodilator)
|
|
|
|
|
FEV1(L)
|
0.87±0.23
|
0.86±0.25
|
0.88±0.22
|
0.586#
|
FVC(L)
|
1.96±1.26
|
1.89±0.39
|
2.04±1.73
|
0.335#
|
FEV1/FVC ratio(%)
|
0.46±0.08
|
0.46±0.08
|
0.46±0.09
|
0.627#
|
ICS use
|
150(52.6%)
|
89(31.2%)
|
61(21.4%)
|
0.001&
|
Co-morbidity
|
|
|
|
|
Hypertension
|
96(33.7%)
|
4(1.4%)
|
92(32.3%)
|
≤0.001&
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
35(12.3%)
|
7(2.5%)
|
28(9.8%)
|
≤0.001&
|
Heart failure
|
21(7.4%)
|
7(2.5%)
|
14(4.9%)
|
0.116&
|
Ischaemic heart disease
|
107(37.5%)
|
44(15.4%)
|
63(22.1%)
|
0.023&
|
Note: Data are expressed as mean±SD 、n (%).( #) P values were calculated by Student’s t-test;( *)P values were calculated by the Mann-Whitney test;( &) P values were calculated by the chi-square test.
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; FEV1 , forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC, forced vital capacity; CCQ, Clinical COPD Questionnaire; mMRC, modified Medical research Council; CAT, COPD assessment test; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid.
Table. 2 Laboratory variables of the patients(n=285)
Variables
|
Total patients(n=285)
|
high T-IgE(n=142)
|
low T-IgE(n=143)
|
P-value
|
T-IgE(kU/L)
|
140.33±167.58
|
257.04±170.10
|
24.43±16.98
|
≤0.001&
|
Ln(T-IgE)
|
1.78±0.63
|
2.32±0.28
|
1.25±0.38
|
≤0.001#
|
leucocyte count(109L)
|
8.90±4.33
|
8.97±3.72
|
8.83±4.88
|
0.784#
|
neutrophil count(109L)
|
7.32±6.34
|
7.57±7.05
|
7.06±5.55
|
0.499#
|
Eosinophilic count(109L)
|
0.14±0.62
|
0.12±0.24
|
0.17±0.84
|
0.484#
|
CRP(mg/dL)
|
36.02±43.95
|
39.49±52.77
|
32.57±30.01
|
0.667&
|
pH
|
7.40±0.07
|
7.41±0.06
|
7.39±0.07
|
0.008#
|
PaO2(mmHg)
|
78.59±26.11
|
77.55±25.57
|
79.62±26.69
|
0.506#
|
paCO2 (mmHg)
|
50.91±16.54
|
48.96±14.61
|
52.84±18.11
|
0.048#
|
Note: Data are expressed as mean±SD.( #) P values were calculated by Student’s t-test; ( &)P values were calculated by the Mann-Whitneytest; .
Abbreviations: T-IgE: serum total IgE;CRP, C-reactive protein; PaCO2 , arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure; PaO2 , arterial oxygen partial pressure;
Table. 3 Clinical variables of the patients(n=285)
Variables
|
high T-IgE(n=142)
|
low T-IgE(n=143)
|
P-value
|
NO of using Systemic Corticosteroids of patients
|
92(32.3%)
|
97(34.0%)
|
0.587&
|
Average daily does of Systemic Corticosteroids,(mg)
|
26.84±27.54
|
30.11±35.54
|
0.539*
|
Average cumulative does of Systemic Corticosteroids,(mg)
|
203.32±234.88
|
180.06±179.50
|
0.699*
|
Length of Systemic Corticosteroids using,(days)
|
5.83±5.20
|
5.24±4.80
|
0.428*
|
Length of Hospital stay,(days)
|
9.49±3.05
|
10.59±3.42
|
0.004*
|
ICU Admission
|
11(3.9%)
|
29(10.2%)
|
0.002&
|
Mechanical Ventilation
|
15(5.3%)
|
41(14.4%)
|
≤0.001&
|
Note: Data are expressed as n(%)or median (1st quartile; 3rd quartile). (*)P values were calculated by the Mann-Whitney test;( &) P values were calculated by the chi-square test.
Table. 4 multivariable linear regression analysis of Ln(T-IgE) and variables (n=285)
Variables
|
β
|
Std.Error
|
95%CI
|
p-value
|
Male
|
-0.147
|
0.044
|
-0.234 to -0.060
|
0.001
|
BMI(kg/m 2)
|
-0.008
|
0.004
|
-0.016 to 0.000
|
0.060
|
ICS use
|
0.409
|
0.039
|
0.331 to 0.478
|
≤0.001
|
Hypertension
|
-0.970
|
0.043
|
-1.055 to -0.885
|
≤0.001
|
Diabetes mellitus)
|
-0.357
|
0.060
|
-0.474to -0.239
|
≤0.001
|
Ischaemic heart disease
|
-0.002
|
0.041
|
-0.083 to 0.082
|
0.962
|
pH
|
-0.061
|
0.352
|
-0.755 to 0.632
|
0.862
|
paCO2 (mmHg)
|
-0.003
|
0.001
|
-0.006 to -0.000
|
0.032
|
Length of Hospital stay,(days)
|
-0.017
|
0.006
|
-0.029 to -0.006
|
0.003
|
Note: CI, confidence interval;
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid;T-IgE: serum total IgE; PaCO2 , arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure; PaO2 , arterial oxygen partial pressure.
Table 5.Results of univariale and multivariate analysis of correlation between baseline characteristics,laboratory test results and Mechanical Ventilation events
Variables
|
Univariale analysis
|
|
Multivariate analysis
|
OR
|
95%CI
|
P vale
|
|
OR
|
95%CI
|
P vale
|
T-IgE
|
0.995
|
0.992-0.998
|
0.001
|
|
0.996
|
0.993-0.999
|
0.005
|
Sex
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
male
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
female
|
1.625
|
0.865-3.053
|
0.132
|
|
|
|
|
Smoking status
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Never smoker
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current smoker
|
0.610
|
0.282-1.318
|
0.208
|
|
|
|
|
Former smoker
|
0.720
|
0.367-1.415
|
0.341
|
|
|
|
|
Drug
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
No
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ICS
|
0.560
|
0.309-1.013
|
0.055
|
|
|
|
|
Co-morbidities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ischemic heart disease
|
3.005
|
1.649-5.477
|
≤0.001
|
|
2.872
|
1.500-5.499
|
0.001
|
Cardiac insufficiency
|
0.409
|
0.092-1.812
|
0.239
|
|
|
|
|
Hypertension
|
1.603
|
0.882-2.914
|
0.122
|
|
|
|
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
1.774
|
0.797-3.984
|
0.160
|
|
|
|
|
Age
|
1.019
|
0.984-1.055
|
0.294
|
|
|
|
|
BMI
|
1.065
|
1.000-1.134
|
0.050
|
|
1.035
|
0.968-1.106
|
0.317
|
Disease duration(year)
|
0.988
|
0.960-1.017
|
0.416
|
|
|
|
|
Acute exacerbations of COPD
|
0.845
|
0.637-1.119
|
0.240
|
|
|
|
|
FEV1(L)
|
1.400
|
0.421-4.656
|
0.584
|
|
|
|
|
FVC(L)
|
0.831
|
0.420-1.644
|
0.595
|
|
|
|
|
FEV1/FVC(%)
|
8.425
|
0.334-212.723
|
0.196
|
|
|
|
|
WBC(×109/L)
|
1.026
|
0.962-1.093
|
0.493
|
|
|
|
|
Neutrophil(×109/L)
|
0.984
|
0.928-1.043
|
0.580
|
|
|
|
|
Eosinophil(×109/L)
|
1.353
|
0.831-2.204
|
0.225
|
|
|
|
|
CRP
|
1.003
|
0.997-1.009
|
0.340
|
|
|
|
|
PH
|
0.015
|
0.000-0.720
|
0.034
|
|
1.529
|
0.008-299.844
|
0.875
|
PO2
|
1.006
|
0.995-1.017
|
0.266
|
|
|
|
|
PCO2
|
1.019
|
1.002-1.036
|
0.024
|
|
1.019
|
0.998-1.040
|
0.075
|
Note: OR, Odds ratio;CI, confidence interval;
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; FEV1 , forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC, forced vital capacity; CCQ, Clinical COPD Questionnaire; mMRC, modified Medical research Council; CAT, COPD assessment test; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid;T-IgE: serum total IgE;CRP, C-reactive protein; PaCO2 , arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure; PaO2 , arterial oxygen partial pressure.
Table 6.Results of univariale and multivariate analysis of correlation between baseline characteristics,laboratory test results and ICU Admission
Variables
|
Univariale analysis
|
|
Multivariate analysis
|
OR
|
95%CI
|
P vale
|
|
OR
|
95%CI
|
P vale
|
T-IgE
|
0.994
|
0.990-0.998
|
0.003
|
|
0.995
|
0.992-0.999
|
0.016
|
Sex
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
male
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
female
|
0.913
|
0.431-1.934
|
0.811
|
|
|
|
|
Smoking status
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Never smoker
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current smoker
|
0.951
|
0.428-2.109
|
0.901
|
|
|
|
|
Former smoker
|
0.947
|
0.418-2.146
|
0.896
|
|
|
|
|
Drug
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
No
|
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ICS
|
1.811
|
0.917-3.577
|
0.087
|
|
|
|
|
Co-morbidities
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ischemic heart disease
|
3.313
|
1.657-6.625
|
0.001
|
|
3.253
|
1.518-6.970
|
0.02
|
Cardiac insufficiency
|
0.288
|
0.038-2.212
|
0.232
|
|
|
|
|
Hypertension
|
1.524
|
0.771-3.013
|
0.225
|
|
|
|
|
Diabetes mellitus
|
2.019
|
0.844-4.827
|
0.114
|
|
|
|
|
Age
|
1.033
|
0.992-1.076
|
0.120
|
|
|
|
|
BMI
|
1.101
|
1.025-1.183
|
0.008
|
|
1.072
|
0.994-1.157
|
0.071
|
Disease duration(year)
|
0.975
|
0.940-1.012
|
0.182
|
|
|
|
|
Acute exacerbations of COPD
|
0.770
|
0.548-1.082
|
0.132
|
|
|
|
|
FEV1(L)
|
1.088
|
0.264-4.418
|
0.907
|
|
|
|
|
FVC(L)
|
0.897
|
0.505-1.592
|
0.710
|
|
|
|
|
FEV1/FVC(%)
|
1.788
|
0.037-86.553
|
0.769
|
|
|
|
|
WBC(×109/L)
|
1.035
|
0.965-1.110
|
0.340
|
|
|
|
|
Neutrophil(×109/L)
|
0.976
|
0.904-1.053
|
0.525
|
|
|
|
|
Eosinophil(×109/L)
|
1.467
|
0.842-2.555
|
0.176
|
|
|
|
|
CRP
|
1.004
|
0.998-1.011
|
0.190
|
|
|
|
|
PH
|
0.014
|
0.000-0.907
|
0.045
|
|
11.809
|
0.031-445.012
|
0.416
|
PO2
|
1.003
|
0.990-1.015
|
0.658
|
|
|
|
|
PCO2
|
1.025
|
1.007-1.043
|
0.007
|
|
1.030
|
1.006-1.053
|
0.012
|
Note: OR, Odds ratio;CI, confidence interval;
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; FEV1 , forced expiratory volume in one second; FVC, forced vital capacity; CCQ, Clinical COPD Questionnaire; mMRC, modified Medical research Council; CAT, COPD assessment test; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid;T-IgE: serum total IgE;CRP, C-reactive protein; PaCO2 , arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure; PaO2 , arterial oxygen partial pressure.