Ethics approval and consent to participate
The authors hereby confirm that all work-related procedures comply with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional committees on human experimentation and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2008. The assessment protocol was approved by the relevant institutional review board [French CNIL (French Data Protection Authority): DR-2015-673]. The consent obtained from study participants was written and verbal.
Consent for publication
Not Applicable
Availability of data and materials
To get available data, please contact correspondant author: [email protected]
Competing interests
Antoine Yrondi received speaker's honoraria (AstraZeneca, Janssen, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Servier), and carried out clinical studies in relation to the development of a medicine (Janssen, Lundbeck) unrelated to this work.
Christophe Arbus received honoraria (Janssen, Lundbeck, Otsuka) and carried out clinical studies in relation to the development of a medicine (Janssen).
Olivier Doumy received honoraria from Lilly, Astra-Zeneca, Janssen, Servier and Lundbeck.
Jean Baptiste Genty received speaker's honoraria from Servier.
Pierre Michel Llorca received grants, honoraria, and consulting fees from Allergan, Gedeon Richter, Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Recordati, Sanofi-Aventis and Teva.
Raphael Rachieri received speaker's honoraria from Janssen Cilag.
Ludovic Samalin received grants, honoraria, and consulting fees from Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck, and Otsuka.
Florian Stephan received honoraria from Otsuka.
Guillaume Vaiva received speaker's honoraria from Otsula/Lundbeck (Annual participation at the reception day for new professors of psychiatry).
Emmanuel Haffen: acted in an advisory capacity, carried out clinical studies in relation to the development of a medicine, received personal research, study or travel allowances, gave presentations at meetings, and received remuneration for input from the following pharmaceutical organisations: AstraZeneca, BMS, Cellgene, Euthérapie - Servier, Janssen, Elli Lilly, Lundbeck, LivaNova, Otsuka, Pfizer and Sanofi. He also held a managerial position at the FondaMental Foundation (Créteil) and the French Association of Biological Psychiatry and Neuropsychopharmacology.
Wissam El-Hage has received speaker's honoraria from Chugai, Eisai, Lundbeck, Janssen-Cilag, Otsuka, and UCB unrelated to this work.
Bruno Aouizerate received speaker's honoraria and a travel allowance from Lundbeck, Janssen-Cilag, and Eli Lilly. He has served on the advisory board of Janssen-Cilag.
Thierry d’Amato, Franck Bellivier, Djamila Bennabi, Thierry Bougerol, Vincent Camus, Philippe Courtet, Jérôme Holtzmann, Christophe Lançon, Marion Leboyer, Pierre Michel Llorca, Julia Maruani, Fanny Molière, Michel Walter and Jean Petrucci have no conflicts of interest to declare.
Funding: This research was funded by the Foundation FondaMental, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), AP-HP, Astra Zeneca, and by the Investissements d’Avenir program managed by the ANR under reference ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02. This funding source had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, manuscript preparation or decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
All authors have approved the manuscript.
Author’s contributions:
All authors were involved in patient selection and enrolment, clinical assessment and drafting of this paper.
AY, CA, DB, EH, WEH and BA were also involved in choosing the data set for this project and the statistical analysis.
Acknowledgments:
FondaMental Advanced Centres of Expertise (FACE-DR) collaborators
List of FondaMental Advanced Centres of Expertise (FACE-DR) collaborators: FACE-DR Clinical Coordinating Centre (Fondation FondaMental); B. Aouizerate, D. Bennabi, M. Leboyer, E. Haffen and PM Llorca; FACE-DR Data Coordinating Centre (Fondation FondaMental): V. Barteau, S. Bensalem, H. Laouamri, and Karmene Souryis; FACE-DR Clinical Sites and Principal Collaborators in France; AP-HP, DHU PePSY, Pôle de Psychiatrie et d’Addictologie des Hôpitaux Universitaires (University Hospital Psychiatry and Addictology Cluster) H Mondor, Créteil; L.Mallet, L. Yon, J. Petrucci and JB. Genty; Service de Psychiatrie et de Psychologie Médicale de l’adulte , Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, CHRU de Toulouse, Hôpital Purpan, Toulouse, France: A. Yrondi, D Pierre, L Schmitt and M. Sarrail; Service de Psychiatrie clinique, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, EA 481 Neurosciences, Université de Bourgogne Franche Comté, Besançon, France: E. Haffen, Djamila Bennabi, I. Ryff, E. Beuchet, G. Tio, C. Cappe and E. Clerc; Service de Psychiatrie de l’adulte B, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France: PM. Llorca, M. Garnier, RM Honciuc, E Allauze and O. Blanc ; Service de Psychiatrie adulte, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, Hôpital Fernand-Widal, Paris, France: F. Bellivier, N. Allaili, I. Nieto, J. Meheust, Y. Sunthavy and J. Maruani; Service de Psychiatrie de l’adulte, CS 10217, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, CHU de Grenoble, Hôpital Nord, Grenoble, France: T. Bougerol, M. Polosan, P. Courvoisier, J. Holtzmann, B. Fredembach and S. Foubert-Andreani; Clinique Psychiatrique Universitaire (University Psychiatric Clinic), Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, Inserm U1253 Imaging and Brain: iBrain, CHRU de Tours, Tours, France: V. Camus and W. El Hage; Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie adulte, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Bron cedex, France: T. D’Amato, F. Haesebaert, C. Dubien, M. Lefebvre, A. Meznad, J. Brunelin and R. Moirand; Pôle de Psychiatrie Générale et Universitaire, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, CH Charles Perrens, Bordeaux, France: B. Aouizerate and O. Doumy; Pôle Psychiatrie, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, CHU La Conception, Marseille, France: C. Lancon, R. Richieri, P. Peri, M. Faugere and C. Faget-Agius; Département des Urgences et Post-Urgences Psychiatriques (Psychiatric Emergency and Post-Emergency Department), Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, CHRU Lapeyronie, Montpellier, France: P. Courtet, JP. Boulenger and F. Moliere; Service de Psychiatrie de l’adulte, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, CHU de Brest, Hôpital de Bohars, Bohars, France: F. Stephan, M. Walter and C. Mesmeur; Service de Psychiatrie adulte, Centre Expert Dépression Résistante FondaMental, CHRU de Lille, Hôpital Fontan 1, Lille, France: G. Vaiva, and M Horn.