3.1 Effect of mixing ratio on combustion
Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the TGA and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curves respectively, of separate combustion and co-combustion of water hyacinth or anthracite at the mixing ratios of 8/2, 5/5, and 3/7 [21].
The TGA curves of co-combustion at the mixing ratios of 8/2, 5/5, and 3/7 are all located in between the TGA curves of water hyacinth and the TGA curves of anthracite, and differ among the three mixing ratios. Generally, the combustion characteristics of water hyacinth and anthracite are integrated during the co-combustion, and the curves gradually shift to the curve of anthracite as the mixing ratio of anthracite rises. The final residue rates of anthracite, and the mixed samples (3/7, 5/5, 8/2) were 31.3%, 29.5%, 24.2%, and 22.4% respectively. This is because the weight loss of water hyacinth is larger than that of anthracite, which improves the co-combustion performance. The combustion characteristics are different between water hyacinth and anthracite. According to the DTG curves, the combustion of water hyacinth mainly consists of three stages. First, at the drying stage (room temperature of 200 ℃), internal water is released from the fuels, and the weight loss rate is about 8%. At the second stage of volatile emission (200–750 ℃), the hemicelluloses, celluloses, and lines contained in water hyacinth are paralyzed to low-molecular-weight substances [22–23]. The weight loss rate at this stage is about 72%. Hence, the TGA curve drops quickly, and the DTG curve shows the largest weight loss peak around 300 ℃, indicating the water hyacinth is burnt severely. The DTG curve at this stage shows 3 weight loss peaks. The first peak reflects the combustion of low-molecular-weight organic matter. The second peak mainly stands for carbon burning, and is smaller but wider than the first one, which is due to the low content of fixed carbon and the unconcentrated combustion. The third peak is small and related to the secondary decomposition of organic matter. At the third stage (T > 750 ℃), the carbon matter and minerals in the residues are decomposed [24]. These three stages of water hyacinth combustion and decomposition are consistent with other biomass [25].
Compared with water hyacinth, the TGA curve of anthracite changes much more gently. Because of high ash content in the anthracite, the final residue rates are larger. As the coal ratio in the mixed fuels rose, the devolatilization temperature increased first, the residue burning temperature decreased, and two weight loss peaks at the second stage gradually declined (Fig. 1), suggesting the addition of anthracite certainly affected the water hyacinth combustion. The DTG curve of anthracite shows only one weight loss peak (Fig. 2), which mainly represents the combustion of volatiles and fixed carbon. Though the anthracite combustion only demonstrated one evident weight loss stage, this did not mean the volatile separation stage did not occur, but instead it was included in the evidentiary stage above [26]. The reason was mainly related to the heating rate, as the volatile separation stage was reportedly observed at a lower heating rate (0.1, 0.2/K/s) [27–28].
3.2 Effect of heating rate of combustion
Figure 3(a-f) displays the TGA and DTG curves of mixed fuels at the heating rates of 20 and 30 K/min observed using the synchronous TGA analyzer.
Clearly, the TGA curves and the DTG curves at the two heating rates all change in the same trend among different mixed fuels, and the final residue contents are not much different. These results indicate the heating rate very little affects the total mass loss from co-combustion. The TGA curves right-shift at the rapid mass decline stage with the rise of the heating rate, and the mixed fuels decompose at higher temperatures. The rise of heating rate increases the internal temperature gradient materials, so the volatiles cannot be separated out from the material molecules immediately, which restricts the internal heat transfer and mass transfer. As a result, the heat transfer is lagged, which manifests as a shift to a higher zone on the curves [29]. The DTG curves also shift to higher zone, and the maximum weight loss rate also increases. This is because the rise of heating rate provides the reactions with more heat, which is favorable for heat transfer between the inner side and the outer surface and thereby quickens the combustion and decomposition of the mixed fuels, leading to severe combustion of the mixed fuels [30].
3.3 Combustion parameters and performance analysis
TGA is one thermal analysis method to analyze the variation of material mass with temperature. Here, the comprehensive combustion index CCI was used to evaluate the co-combustion characteristics. A larger CCI indicates the combustion is more severe and the scorching is faster. The CCI is expressed as follows:
$$CCI=\frac{{{{\left( {{{dw} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{dw} {dt}}} \right. \kern-0pt} {dt}}} \right)}_{\hbox{max} }}{{\left( {{{dw} \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {{dw} {dt}}} \right. \kern-0pt} {dt}}} \right)}_{mean}}}}{{T_{i}^{2}{T_f}}}$$
1
Where (dew/dt) max is the maximum mass loss rate (%/min), (dew/dt) mean is the mean mass loss rate (%/min), Ti is the ignition temperature (℃), and Tf is the final temperature (℃).
The data of combustion parameters determined from the above equations are listed in Table 1. First, during separate combustion, the ignition temperature of water hyacinth (240.24 ℃) is far lower than that of anthracite, indicating water hyacinth biomass is more ignitable than coals. The reason for such difference is ascribed to the volatile substances, as biomass contain more volatile substances than coals do [31]. Anthracite is featured by lower volatile content and slower combustion rate. The (dew/dt) max is 10.07/(%/min) in water hyacinth, but is only 4.47/(%/min) in anthracite, so the maximum weight loss rate of anthracite is lower. As the ratio of anthracite rose in the mixed fuels, the ignition temperatures of the mixed fuels decreased in comparison with the separate combustion of anthracite. The ignition temperature significantly dropped from the 639.04 ℃ in separate combustion of water hyacinth to 268.32 ℃ in the mixed fuel at the mixing ratio of 5/5. This is because the inter-particle adhesion occurring after the mixing of water hyacinth and anthracite will alter the surface porosity of particles and thereby affect the ignition temperature of the mixed fuels. The final burnout temperature Tf changed in similar rules. The reason is that anthracite contains more ashes than water hyacinth, so the final temperature of the mixed fuels is higher than that of water hyacinth as the ratio of anthracite in the mixed fuels rises. The final temperature significantly increases from 745 ℃ in a separate combustion of water hyacinth to 914.45 ℃ in the combustion of mixed fuels. CCI was used to evaluate the combustion characteristics of water hyacinth, anthracite, and their mixtures. A larger CCI indicates higher combustibility and more severe decomposition. The CCI of water hyacinth is the largest (4.73×10− 7/(min− 2·℃−3)), but the CCI of the mixed fuels varies from 0. 41×10− 7/(min− 2·℃−3) to 2. 22×10− 7/(min− 2·℃−3). With larger water hyacinth content, the mass loss rate is faster, and the reactivity of the mixed fuels is higher. Thus, the mixing of a certain amount of water hyacinth into anthracite can avoid the defects of each material and improve the combustion performance of mixed fuels. Moreover, the maximum weight loss rate and the average weight loss rate change in similar rules.
Table 1 Water hyacinth and anthracite co-combustion parameters
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)
At the heating rate of 30 K/min, when the anthracite ratio of the mixed fuels rose from 20–50%, the ignition temperature increased from 273.61 to 281.67 ℃, but when the ratio further rose to 70%, the ignition temperature climbed to 415.67 ℃, and the final temperature Tf increased from 859.25 to 956.68 ℃. At the same mixing ratio, the ignition temperature at the heating rate of 30 K/min increased slightly, which was due to the lagged heat transfer. The maximum mass loss rate changed in similar rules. At the mixing ratio of 3/7, the maximum mass loss rate rose from 3.35/(%/min) to 5.52/(%/min). This was because the rise of heating rate led to shorter reaction time and larger mass loss rate. Analysis of CCI shows that CCI of all mixed fuels increases at a higher heating rate.
In summary, the mixing of water hyacinth and anthracite at different ratios can avoid the limitations faced in separate combustion and improves the combustion performance of mixed fuels. The rise of heating rate raises the ignition temperature and the final temperature of mixed fuels in comparison with common fuels. From the aspect of CCI, the CCI of the mixed fuel at WH/AN = 5/5 is the largest, from which the appropriate mixing ratio of water hyacinth and anthracite can be determined.
3.4 Kinetics analysis and activation energy computation based on FWO and KAS
Kinetics analysis is critical for designing an efficient, reasonable and reliable reaction process. Activation energy, a very important kinetic parameter, reflects the energy needed by reactants to transit from the initial steady stage to active molecules. Here, the activation energy needed by reactions was calculated using the ISO-conversion method, which is also called the model-free method. We chose the Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) method and the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS) method. When the ISO-conversion method is used to determine the kinetic triplet state of paralysis, no hypothesis of reaction models shall be made in advance, but instead the activation energy can be calculated without knowing the reaction mechanism. Thereby, the errors due to the selection of reaction mechanism can be avoided. The FWO method and the KAS method are expressed as ex. 2 and 3 respectively:
$$\ln \beta =\ln \frac{{A{E_a}}}{{Rg\left( \alpha \right)}} - 5.3305 - 1.052\frac{{{E_a}}}{{RT}}$$
2
$$\ln \left( {\frac{\beta }{{{T^2}}}} \right)=\ln \left( {\frac{{AR}}{{{E_a}g\left( \alpha \right)}}} \right) - \frac{{{E_a}}}{{RT}}$$
3
Activation energy is a function of conversion rate. When the conversion rate is constant, the lnβ and 1/T, and Ln (β/T2) and 1/T in the above two equations can be considered as linear relationships, so the activation energy Ea can be computed from the slope of the straight line. Based on Eq. (2–8), the 1/T can be determined according to the lnβ at a specific heating rate, and then the data points as-obtained were fitted using a straight line Y = Ax + B. Finally, the apparent activation energy can be determined from the slope of the fitting straight line. Figure 4(a-f) shows the co-pyrolysis of water hyacinth and anthracite. With the conversion rates determined from the FWO and KAS methods, the lnβ ~ 1/T, and Ln (β/T2) ~ 1/T were fitted.
During the co-pyrolysis of water hyacinth and anthracite at different mixing ratios, the apparent activation energy Ea and correlation coefficient R2 can be determined from the slopes of the linear fitting curves. The data of R2 from FWO and KAS both fall within 0.8–0.99, which indicates a high goodness-of-fit and creditable results of activation energy. Figure 5(a, b, c) shows the activation energy changing with the conversion rate in the different mixed fuels determined by FWO and KAS.
Clearly, the changing trends of activation energy determined by FWO and KAS are basically consistent, and the values are very close. Since the co-pyrolysis of water hyacinth and anthracite is a complex multi-step reaction, and each step partially contributes to the whole reaction, the activation energy changes in an inconsistent way with the conversion rate [32]. The activation energy increases at α of 0.9 at all three mixing ratios, indicating a reaction at this moment is difficult. This is probably because the minerals in the fuels inhibit heat diffusion and the release of decomposition volatiles during the carbonization. Cerruti et al. Found clay sheets hindered the diffusion of heat and volatiles [33]. The average activation energy of the mixed fuels increased with the rising ratio of anthracite. When the water hyacinth ratio increased from 20–70%, the activation energy determined by FWO and KAS rose from 36.4 to 151.31 /(KJ/Mol), and from 32.48 to 146.55 /(KJ/Mol) respectively. Since anthracite has a higher ignition temperature and larger mineral content than water hyacinth, it needs more energy to break through the energy barrier.
2.5 Interaction of water hyacinth and coal during co-combustion
Since interaction will occur during the pyrolysis of mixed fuels [23, 34], we analyzed whether interaction happened in the co-combustion of water hyacinth and anthracite. The DTGs of different mixed fuels were calculated and compared with the experimental data of DTGs to show whether interactions occurred. The DTGs of the mixed fuels were calculated using Eq. 4. The differences \(\Delta \left( {\frac{{dm}}{{dt}}} \right)\)between the calculated data and the experimental data were determined using Eq. 5:
$${\left( {\frac{{dm}}{{dt}}} \right)_{{\text{exp}}.}}={X_{WH}}{\left( {\frac{{dm}}{{dt}}} \right)_{WH}}+{X_{AN}}{\left( {\frac{{dm}}{{dt}}} \right)_{AN}}$$
4
$$\Delta \left( {\frac{{dm}}{{dt}}} \right)={\left( {\frac{{dm}}{{dt}}} \right)_{\exp .}} - {\left( {\frac{{dm}}{{dt}}} \right)_{{\text{cal}}{\text{.}}}}$$
5
Where \({\left( {\frac{{dm}}{{dt}}} \right)_{{\text{exp}}{\text{.}}}}\) is the calculated weight loss rate; \({\left( {\frac{{dm}}{{dt}}} \right)_{{\text{cal}}{\text{.}}}}\) is the experimental weight loss rate; X is the material content percentage.
Figure 6(a, b, c) shows the differences (ΔDTG) between the calculated DTGs and experimental DTGs from different mixed fuels as well as locally magnified plots. The experimental DTGs of the mixed fuels are generally smaller than the calculated DTGs, and a larger difference between the two indicates the interaction between water hyacinth and anthracite is more obvious.
The ΔDTG at the initial stage is larger than 0. On the DTG curves, water hyacinth at this stage is dry and dehydrated, and the mass of anthracite does not change basically. It is indicated the interaction between the two materials is an inhibitory effect. As the temperature rises, ΔDTG becomes negative, and ΔDTG changes the most significantly near 100 ℃ at the mixing ratio of 5/5, suggesting the interaction at this moment is a promoting effect. The ΔDTG curves of the mixed fuels all show peaks at the combustion stages of volatile substances (200–400 ℃) and fixed carbon (400–600 ℃), suggesting the promoting effect is the strongest. It is suggested that the co-combustion of water hyacinth and anthracite is not a simple addition of separate combustion of the two materials. Because of the different physicochemical properties between the two materials, certain interaction occurs during the co-combustion.
Analysis of CCI and the promoting effect shows that when the fuel substituting rate and combustion performance are high, the water hyacinth and anthracite mixing ratio of 5/5 is potentially the best choice among all the three mixing ratios designed here.