[1]. Vinogradov (1959). Geochemistry of rare and dispersed chemical elements in soils. 1895-1975.
[2]. J. Singh, et al, (2009). Comparative study of natural radioactivity levels in soil samples from the Upper Siwaliks and Punjab, India using gamma-ray spectrometry J. Env. Rad. doi:10.1016/j. jenvrad.2008.09.011.
[3]. O.S. Ajayi and S.B. Ibikunle, Inter. J. Rad. Res. 11, 271 doi:10.12691/amp-4-1-3.
[4]. I.G. E. Ibeanu, (2002). Tin mining and processing in Nigeria: cause for concern? J. Envir. Rad. 64 (1). doi:10.1016/s0265-931x(02)00058-9.
[5]. M.R. Usikalu, O.C. Anoka and F.A. Balogun, Arch. Phys. Res. 2 (2), 80 (2011). www.scholarsre searchlibrary.com.
[6]. E.M. Pontedeiro, P.F.L. Heilbron and R.M. Cotta, (2007). Assessment of the mineral industry NORM/TENORM disposal in hazardous landfills, J Hazard. Mater. B139, 563. doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.02.063.
[7]. A.S. Aliyu, et al, (2015). Health and ecological hazards due to natural radioactivity in soil from mining areas of Nasarawa State, Nigeria, Isot. Environ. Health Stud. doi:10.1080/10256016.2015.1026339.
[8]. M.O. Isinkaye, Radiat. Prot. Environ. 36 (3), 122 (2013). doi:10.4103/0972-0464.137477.
[9]. K. Skubacz, B. Michalik and M. Wysocka, Radioprotection 46 (6), S669–S674 (2011). doi:10.1051/radiopro/20116735s.
[10]. UNSCEAR, (2000). Sources, effects, and risks of ionization radiation. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, Report to the General Assembly, with Annexes, New York.
[11]. Innocent, A.J, Onimisi, M.Y., & Jonah, S.A. (2013). Evaluation of naturally occurring radionuclide materials in soil samples collected from some mining sites in Zamfara State, Nigeria. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 3(4), 684-692.
[12]. ICRP (International Commission on Radiological Protection) (1990), recommendations of the international commission on radiological protection.
[13]. Mengistu B.Tufaa,(2016), (ERPA). Radionuclides in tantalite ore and radiation exposure in tantalite mining in Ethiopia.
[14]. Anjos et al, (2010). Occupational exposure to radon and natural gamma radiation in the La Carolina, a former gold mine in San Luis Province, Argentina. J Environ Radioact 101(2):153–158.
[15]. Odumo et al, (2011). Radiological survey and assessment of associated activity concentration of the naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in the Migori artisanal gold mining belt of southern Nyanza, Kenya. Appl Radiat Isot 69(6):912–916.
[16]. Durand JF (2012). The impact of gold mining on the Witwatersrand on the rivers and karst system of Gauteng and North West Province, South Africa. J Afr Earth Sci 68:24–43.
[17]. Doyi et al, (2013). Assessment of occupational radiation exposure in underground artisanal gold mines in Tongo, Upper East Region of Ghana. J Environ Radioact 12:77–82.
[18]. Pappa et al, (2016). Radioactivity and metal concentrations in marine sediments associated with mining activities in Ierissos Gulf, North Aegean Sea, Greece. Appl Radiat Isot 116:22–33.
[19]. Winde et al, (2017). Uranium from Africa, an overview on past and current mining activities: reappraising associated risks and chances in a global context. J Afr Earth Sci 129:759–778.
[20]. Hailu Geremew, (2019). Investigation of natural radioactivity levels and the possible radiation hazards in floriculture soil, Holeta, Shoa, Ethiopia, using gamma-ray spectrometry. International Journal of Current Research Vol. 11, Issue, 02, pp.1535-1540.
[21]. A. S. Pradeep, (2016). Natural Radio-Activity Levels in Water and Soil at Kemessie Hot Spring, North-Eastern Ethiopia. Radiation Science and Technology. Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 1-5.
[22]. Jemal Edris Dawd1, (2019). Estimation of external gamma dose and annual effective dose of NORMs from mining activities of Kenticha tantalum mines in Ethiopia. GSJ: Volume 7, Issue 4, April 2019.
[23]. Kazmin V Alemu S, Tilahun B, (1978). The Ethiopian basement: Stratigraphy and possible manner of evolution. Geol Rundsch, 67: 531±546.
[24]. Worku H, Schandelmeier H, (1996). Tectonic evolution of the Neoproterozoic Adola Belt of southern Ethiopia: evidence for a Wilson Cycle process and implications for oblique plate collision. Precamb. Res 77: 179±210.
[25]. Veiga R, et al, (2006), J, Radiat Meas, 4(2006) 89.
[26]. UNSCEAR, (2008). United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation. Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Report to General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes (United Nations, New York
https://www.unscear.org/unscear/en/publications/2008_ 1.html.
[27]. ICRP, Ann. ICRP. (2007), 37(2–4), https://www.icrp.org/page.asp?id=5.
[28]. S. Salmani-Ghabeshi, M.R. Palomo-Marín, E. Bernalte, F. RuedaHolgado, C. Miro-Rodriguez, F. Cereceda-Balic, X. Fadic, V. Vidal, M. Funes and E. Pinilla-Gil, Environ. Pollut. 218 (322–330), 322 (2016). doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.007.
[29]. H. Al-Sulaiti, (2011). Determination of Natural Radioactivity Levels in the State of Qatar Using High-resolution Gamma-ray Spectrometry. Thesis (Ph.D.) (University of Surrey, https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543271.
[30]. El-Sayed, (2014). Studying Naturally Occurring Radionuclides for Some Environmental Samples and Their Hazardous. Thesis (MSc) (Fayoum University,).
[31]. J. Berekt and P.J. Mathew, Health Phys. 48, 87 (1985). doi:10.1097/00004032-198501000- 00007.
[32]. Ghazwa Alzubaidi, et. al, (2016), Assessment of Natural Radioactivity Levels and Radiation Hazards in Agricultural and Virgin Soil in the State of Kedah, North of Malaysia, doi.org/10.1155/2016/6178103.
[33]. Santawamaitre, T. (2012), An Evaluation of the Level of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in Soil Samples along the Chao Phraya River Basin. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Surrey, Landon, UK, 2012.
[34]. Sheppard SC, Evenden WG. (1988). The assumption of linearity in soil and plant concentration ratio: an experimental evaluation. The Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 7:221-247.
[35]. Kocher, D.C.; Sjoreen, A.L. (1985), Dose rate conversion factors for external exposure to photon emitters in soil. Health Phys. 1985, 48, 193–205. [CrossRef] [PubMed].
[36]. UNSCEAR, (2015). (United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation). Sources Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation. Available online: https://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:20037090
[37]. Khalil Mohammed Thabayneh, et. al., (2014), Measurement of activity concentration levels of radionuclides in soil samples collected from Bethlehem Province, West Bank, Palestine, Turkish Journal of Engineering & Environmental Sciences, 38: 113 125,doi:10.3906/muh-1303-8.
[38]. ICRP (International Commission of Radiological Protection), (2007). ICRP Publication 103. The Recommendations of the International Commission of Radiological Protection. Ann. ICRP 2008, 32, 2–4.
[39]. Beretka, J.; Mathew, P.J. (1985), Natural radioactivity of Australian building materials, industrial wastes and by-products. Health Phys. 1985, 48, 87–95. [CrossRef] [PubMed].
[40]. EC. (1999). Radiation Protection Principles Concerning the Natural Radioactivity in Building Materials Environmental Nuclear Safety and Civil Protection, Directorate General, European Commission.
[41]. Choubey, V. M., et al (1999). Relation between soil-gas radon variation and different lithotectonic units, Garhwal Himalaya, India. Appl. Radiat. Isot. 51, 587-592.
[42]. Kumar A et al. (2017). Assessment of natural radioactivity levels and associated dose rates in soil samples from the historical city Panipat, India‖. Journal of radiation research and applied sciences 10(3): 283-288
[43]. Gyuk PM, et al. (2017). Determination of Radioactivity Levels in Soil Samples At Chikun Environment of Kaduna Metropolis using Gamma-Ray Spectrometry‖. Science World Journal 12(2):52- 55
[44]. A. K. Ademola, (2014). Determination of natural radioactivity and hazard in soil samples in and around gold mining area in Itagunmodi, southwestern, Nigeria‖, Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences pp, 249 - 255.[41]
[45]. W. O. Aguko, R. Kinyua, and R. Ongeri, (2013), Assessment of radiation exposure levels associated with gold mining in Sakwa Wagusu, Bondo district, Kenya‖, Institute of Energy and Environmental Technology, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
[46]. Akpanowo, et al (2019). Assessment of radiological risk from the soils of artisanal mining areas of Anka, northwest Nigeria‖, African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, Vol. 13(8), pp. 303 309, DOI: 10.5897/AJEST2019.2691
[47]. S. Girigisu, (2014). Assessment of Radiological Levels in Soils from Artisanal Gold Mining Exercises at Awwal, Kebbi State, Nigeria
[48]. Nageswara Rao et al. (1996), Natural radioactivity in soil and radiation levels of Rajasthan. Radiat. Prot. Dosim., 63: 207-216
[49]. Saïdou et al., (2017), NORM Measurements and Radiological Hazard Assessment in the Gold Mining Areas of Eastern Cameroon
[50]. U. Cevik, N. Damla, B. Koz and S. Kaya, Energy Fuels. 22 (1), 428 (2008). doi:10.1021/ef700374u
[51]. E. Svoukis and H. Tsertos, (2007). Radiation Protection Dosimetry 123 (3), 384. doi:10.1093/ rpd/ncl159.
[52]. Mekuanint Lemlem Legasu & Ashok K. Chaubey (2021), Evaluation of natural radioactivity level in Delanta-Dawunt, Wollo District, Ethiopia, International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, DOI: 10.1080/03067319.2021.2011257
[53]. D.Ayalew, et al (2019). https://www.rjb.ro/wp- content/uploads/Sitotaw_C_4_F.pdf
54[54]. Caspah Kamunda, (2016). An Assessment of Radiological Hazards from Gold Mine Tailings in the Province of Gauteng in South Africa. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2016, 13, 138; doi:10.3390/ijerph13010138
[55]. A. Faanu, (2011). Determination of Natural Radioactivity and Hazard in Soil and Rock Samples in a Mining Area in Ghana. West African Journal of Applied Ecology, vol. 19, 2011.