Sample Description
As can be seen in Table 1, a total of 955 hui nationality children were investigated. Among them, 383 children were hui nationality LBC, 50.7% of hui LBC were male. In terms of the age distribution, 29.8% of hui LBC were aged 6 to 11 years, and the average age was (12.86±2.77) years. There were 572 hui nationality non-LBC, among whom 263 were male (46.0%). 181 (31.6%) were aged 6 to 11, and the average age was (12.62±2.49) years. There was no significant difference between the two groups in age and gender (P>.05),however,there was a significant difference between the two groups in Father's occupation(P=0.00) ,Mother's occupation(P=0.003) and Parents’ divorced(P=0.039) .(See table 1 for details)
Table 1: The demographic characteristics between hui nationality LBC and non-LBC.
Characteristics
|
LBC(n=383)
|
non-LBC(n=572)
|
χ2
|
p-value
|
N
|
%
|
N
|
%
|
Gender
|
male
|
194
|
50.7
|
263
|
46.0
|
2.008
|
0.156
|
female
|
189
|
49.3
|
309
|
54.0
|
Age group
|
aged 6-11
|
114
|
29.8
|
181
|
31.6
|
0.379
|
0.538
|
aged 12-16
|
269
|
70.2
|
391
|
68.4
|
Average age(years)
|
Mean (SD)
|
12.86(2.768)
|
|
12.62(2.49)
|
|
1.402▲
|
0.161
|
Only child
|
yes
|
15
|
3.9
|
16
|
2.8
|
0.915
|
0.339
|
no
|
368
|
96.1
|
556
|
97.2
|
Mother alive
|
yes
|
375
|
97.9
|
567
|
99.1
|
2.521
|
0.112
|
no
|
8
|
2.1
|
5
|
0.9
|
Father's education level
|
junior high school or higher
|
77
|
20.1
|
123
|
21.5
|
0.271
|
0.603
|
primary school or lower
|
306
|
79.9
|
449
|
78.5
|
Maternal education level
|
junior high school or higher
|
29
|
7.6
|
49
|
8.6
|
0.303
|
0.582
|
primary school or lower
|
354
|
92.4
|
523
|
91.4
|
Caregiver's education level
|
junior high school or higher
|
76
|
19.8
|
123
|
21.5
|
0.383
|
0.536
|
primary school or lower
|
307
|
80.2
|
449
|
78.5
|
Academic performance
|
good
|
53
|
13.8
|
102
|
17.8
|
3.857
|
0.145
|
moderate
|
262
|
68.4
|
358
|
62.6
|
poor
|
68
|
17.8
|
112
|
19.6
|
Frequency of contact with teachers
|
at least once a week
|
26
|
6.8
|
38
|
6.6
|
5.518
|
0.138
|
at least once a month
|
47
|
12.3
|
92
|
16.1
|
> once a month
|
222
|
58.0
|
291
|
50.9
|
never contact
|
88
|
23.0
|
151
|
26.4
|
Father alive
|
yes
|
373
|
97.4
|
561
|
98.1
|
0.505
|
0.477
|
no
|
10
|
2.6
|
11
|
1.9
|
Father's occupation
|
farmers
|
233
|
60.8
|
440
|
76.9
|
28.531
|
0.000
|
non- farmers
|
150
|
39.2
|
132
|
23.1
|
Mother's occupation
|
farmers
|
287
|
74.9
|
474
|
82.9
|
8.917
|
0.003
|
Not farmers
|
96
|
25.1
|
98
|
17.1
|
Parents’ divorced
|
yes
|
16
|
4.2
|
11
|
1.9
|
4.244
|
0.039
|
no
|
367
|
95.8
|
561
|
98.1
|
Note: Data are number (percentage) or mean (SD). ▲ t-test. P values are from t-test (continuous variables). LBC:left-behind children; non-LBC: non- left-behind children.
The prevalence of EBP in hui nationality children
Table 2 showed that the overall prevalence of EBP of 955 hui nationality children was 9.95% (95/955), among whom 383 hui LBC had a prevalence of 12.01% (46/383) and 572 hui non-LBC was 8.57% (49/572). There was no significant statistical difference between the two group (χ2=3.037,P=0.081). And there was no significant statistical difference in the prevalence of EBP among hui nationality LBC and non-LBC in gender.
Table 2 Prevalence of EBP among different categories of hui nationality children (%)
Variables
|
externalizing behavior problems
|
Sample size
|
Number
|
prevalence
|
χ2
|
P-value
|
Age group
|
aged 6-11
|
295
|
31
|
10.5
|
0.150
|
0.699
|
aged 12-16
|
660
|
64
|
9.7
|
LBC
|
yes
|
383
|
46
|
12.01
|
3.037
|
0.081
|
non
|
572
|
49
|
8.57
|
Boys
|
LBC
|
194
|
22
|
11.3
|
2.826
|
0.093
|
non-LBC
|
263
|
18
|
6.8
|
Girls
|
LBC
|
189
|
24
|
12.7
|
0.848
|
0.357
|
non-LBC
|
309
|
31
|
10.0
|
LBC
|
boys
|
194
|
22
|
11.3
|
0.167
|
0.683
|
girls
|
189
|
24
|
12.7
|
non-LBC
|
boys
|
263
|
18
|
6.8
|
1.844
|
0.175
|
girls
|
309
|
31
|
10.0
|
Prevalence of specific syndromes and EBP in hui nationality children aged 6 ~ 11 years
When examining the prevalence of specific syndromes and EBP in hui nationality children, we found that there was no significant difference in the prevalence of specific syndromes and EBP between hui nationality LBC and non-LBC aged 6 ~ 11 years (all P > 0.05). (See table 3 for details)
Table 3: Prevalence specific syndromes and EBP in hui nationality children aged 6-11 years (%)
|
syndromes
|
Boys aged 6 -11
|
|
Girls aged 6-11
|
|
|
LBC(n=56)
|
non-LBC
(n=88)
|
χ2
|
P-value
|
|
LBC
(n=58)
|
non-LBC
(n=93)
|
χ2
|
P-value
|
|
Schizoid
|
5(8.9)
|
7(8.0)
|
0.043
|
0.837
|
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Depressed
|
8(14.3)
|
7(8.0)
|
1.470
|
0.225
|
|
2(3.4)
|
6(6.5)
|
0.183
|
0.669
|
|
uncommunicative
|
4(7.1)
|
10(11.4)
|
0.695
|
0.405
|
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Obsessive-Compulsive
|
4 (7.1)
|
9 (10.2)
|
0.396
|
0.529
|
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
Somatic Complaints
|
1(1.8)
|
7(8.0)
|
1.446
|
0.229
|
|
5(8.6)
|
11(11.8)
|
0.388
|
0.533
|
|
Social-Withdrawal
|
2(3.6)
|
5(5.7)
|
0.031
|
0.860
|
|
2 (3.4)
|
7 (7.5)
|
0.457
|
0.499
|
|
Hyperactive
|
0(0)
|
0(0)
|
—
|
—
|
|
2(3.4)
|
5(5.4)
|
0.023
|
0.881
|
|
Aggressive
|
2(3.6)
|
1(1.1)
|
0.159
|
0.690
|
|
1(1.7)
|
3(3.2)
|
0.001
|
0.970
|
|
Delinquent
|
3(5.4)
|
4(4.5)
|
0.000
|
1.000
|
|
3 (5.2)
|
5 (5.4)
|
0.000
|
1.000
|
|
Sex problems
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
2(3.4)
|
6 (6.5)
|
0.183
|
0.669
|
|
Cruel
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
6(10.3)
|
6(6.5)
|
0.304
|
0.582
|
|
Schizoid-Obsessive
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
7 (12.1)
|
9(9.7)
|
0.216
|
0.642
|
|
Externalizing behavior
|
4(7.1)
|
5(5.7)
|
0.000
|
1.000
|
|
8(13.8)
|
14(15.1)
|
0.046
|
0.831
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prevalence of specific syndromes and EBP in hui nationality children aged 12-16 years
Table 4 showed that there were significant statistical differences in physical complaints, uncommunicative, obsessive-compulsive, hostility and delinquent (all P <0.05) between hui nationality LBC and non-LBC in boys group aged 12-16 years. And there was no significant difference in the prevalence of specific syndromes between hui nationality LBC and non-LBC in girls group aged 12 to 16 years (all P = >0.05), but the prevalence of EBP in hui nationality LBC (12.6%)was higher than that in non-LBC(7.7%) (P=0.034).
Table 4: Prevalence specific syndromes and EBP in hui nationality children aged 12-16 years (%)
syndromes
|
Boys aged 12-16
|
|
Girls aged 12~16
|
LBC
(n=138)
|
non-LBC (n=175)
|
χ2
|
P-value
|
|
LBC
(n=131)
|
non-LBC
(n=216)
|
χ2
|
P-value
|
Somatic Complaints
|
19(13.8)
|
10(5.7)
|
5.953
|
0.015
|
|
7(5.3)
|
6(2.8)
|
0.862
|
0.353
|
Schizoid
|
13(9.4)
|
7(4.0)
|
3.790
|
0.052
|
|
24(18.3)
|
34(15.7)
|
0.390
|
0.532
|
uncommunicative
|
14(10.1)
|
6(3.4)
|
5.819
|
0.016
|
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
Immature
|
6(4.3)
|
4(2.3)
|
1.061
|
0.303
|
|
10(7.6)
|
7(3.2)
|
3.377
|
0.066
|
Obsessive-Compulsive
|
20(14.5)
|
12(6.9)
|
4.901
|
0.027
|
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
Hostile
|
16(11.6)
|
5(2.9)
|
9.410
|
0.002
|
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
Delinquent
|
13(9.4)
|
3(1.7)
|
9.446
|
0.002
|
|
8 (6.1)
|
7 (3.2)
|
1.620
|
0.203
|
Aggressive
|
8(5.8)
|
7(4.0)
|
0.546
|
0.460
|
|
8 (6.1)
|
5 (2.3)
|
2.285
|
0.131
|
Hyperactive
|
9 (6.5)
|
5(2.9)
|
2.425
|
0.119
|
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
Anxious-Obsessive
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
7 (5.3)
|
9(4.2)
|
0.257
|
0.612
|
Depressed-Withdrawal
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
10(7.6)
|
18(8.3)
|
0.054
|
0.817
|
Cruel
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
|
12(9.2)
|
11(5.1)
|
2.180
|
0.140
|
Externalizing behavior
|
18(13.0)
|
13(7.4)
|
2.726
|
0.099
|
|
34(12.6)
|
30(7.7)
|
4.489
|
0.034
|
The CBCL syndromes scores of hui nationality LBC and non-LBC aged 6-11 years
As shown in the table 5,except that the hyperactivity factor score of hui boys LBC (2.20±2.25) was significantly lower than that of hui boys non-LBC (3.39±3.01) (t=2.705,P<0.05), the difference of other syndromes was not statistically significant (P>0.05).
Table 5: CBCL syndromes scores between hui nationality LBC and non-LBC aged 6-11 years ( ± s)
syndromes
|
Boys
|
Girls
|
LBC(n=56)
|
non-LBC(n=88)
|
t
|
P
|
LBC (n=58)
|
non-LBC (n=93)
|
t
|
P
|
Schizoid
|
2.13±2.45
|
2.67±2.53
|
-1.276
|
0.204
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
Depressed
|
3.11±4.79
|
3.35±4.43
|
-0.314
|
0.754
|
4.72±4.44
|
4.91±5.38
|
-0.225
|
0.822
|
uncommunicative
|
2.11±2.52
|
2.39±3.00
|
-0.578
|
0.564
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
Obsessive-Compulsive
|
2.80±3.71
|
3.58±4.11
|
-1.146
|
0.254
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
Somatic Complaints
|
1.34±2.12
|
1.93±2.92
|
-1.317
|
0.190
|
3.24±3.75
|
3.55±4.16
|
-0.458
|
0.648
|
Social-Withdrawal
|
1.34±2.08
|
2.01±2.40
|
-1.720
|
0.088
|
3.03±3.05
|
3.08±3.71
|
-0.070
|
0.944
|
Hyperactive
|
2.20±2.25
|
3.39±3.01
|
-2.705
|
0.008
|
3.05±3.19
|
3.53±3.74
|
-0.802
|
0.424
|
Aggressive
|
4.98±6.19
|
5.45±5.86
|
-0.029
|
0.997
|
4.62±4.37
|
4.80±5.80
|
-0.197
|
0.844
|
Delinquent
|
1.52±2.69
|
2.16±2.55
|
-1.438
|
0.378
|
0.74±1.60
|
0.61±1.24
|
0.553
|
0.581
|
Schizoid-Obsessive
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
1.74±2.69
|
1.68±2.90
|
0.136
|
0.892
|
Sex problems
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
0.93±1.55
|
1.23±1.76
|
-1.047
|
0.297
|
Cruel
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
0.98±1.90
|
1.06±1.78
|
-0.268
|
0.789
|
Externalizing behavior
|
8.07±9.19
|
9.48±8.75
|
-0.922
|
0.358
|
9.33±9.20
|
10.23±11.09
|
-0.516
|
0.607
|
The CBCL syndromes scores of hui nationality LBC and non-LBC aged 12-16 years
As shown in the table 6, the hui nationality LBC of boy students had higher scores in schizoid, somatic complaints, uncommunicative, obsessive-compulsive, hostile, delinquent, aggression, hyperactivity and EBP than that of non-LBC (P<0.05). The hui nationality LBC of girl students got higher scores in aggressive, cruel and EBP than that of non-LBC (P<0.05).
Table 6: CBCL syndromes scores between hui nationality LBC and non-LBC aged 12-16 years ( ± s)
syndromes
|
Boys
|
Girls
|
LBC
(n=138)
|
non-LBC (n=175)
|
t
|
P
|
LBC
(n=131)
|
non-LBC (n=216)
|
t
|
P
|
Schizoid
|
3.66±3.18
|
2.74±2.58
|
2.746
|
0.006
|
2.69±2.83
|
2.39±2.56
|
1.020
|
0.308
|
Somatic Complaints
|
5.16±5.30
|
3.65±4.19
|
2.734
|
0.007
|
2.70±3.04
|
2.43±2.78
|
0.865
|
0.388
|
Uncommunicative
|
6.44±6.04
|
4.22±4.67
|
3.565
|
0.000
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
Immature
|
1.72±2.10
|
1.36±1.84
|
1.636
|
0.103
|
5.11±4.38
|
4.25±3.86
|
1.911
|
0.057
|
Obsessive-Compulsive
|
3.16±3.17
|
2.28±2.45
|
2.685
|
0.008
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
Hostile
|
4.62±4.81
|
3.33±3.33
|
2.683
|
0.008
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
Delinquent
|
3.08±3.78
|
2.29±2.71
|
2.081
|
0.038
|
4.63±4.32
|
3.76±3.56
|
1.921
|
0.056
|
Aggression
|
7.04±6.47
|
5.62±5.61
|
2.086
|
0.038
|
6.71±6.13
|
5.37±5.09
|
2.109
|
0.036
|
Hyperactive
|
3.96±3.49
|
2.98±3.04
|
2.637
|
0.009
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
Anxious-Obsessive
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
7.27±6.13
|
6.40±6.02
|
1.306
|
0.192
|
Depressed-Withdrawal
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
5.73±4.95
|
5.19±4.73
|
0.996
|
0.320
|
Cruel
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
—
|
2.19±3.49
|
1.36±1.96
|
2.504
|
0.013
|
Externalizing behavior
|
12.04±10.96
|
9.41±8.94
|
2.284
|
0.023
|
12.31±10.98
|
9.78±8.45
|
2.259
|
0.025
|
Univariate analysis results
First, chi-square test was conducted on the counting data that affected the incidence of EBP of hui nationality LBC,it was found that the frequency of contact with teachers, academic performance and parents' working out conditions were related to EBP of hui nationality LBC (all P <0.05)(see table 7 for details). Second, t- test was conducted on the measurement data, the results showed that behavior, anxiety, popularity, happiness and satisfaction, total score of self-concept, father punishment and strictness, father favoring subjects, father refusal and denial, father over-protection, mother over-interference and over-protection, mother refusal and denial, mother punishment and strictness, extroversion-introversion (E), psychoticism (P),neuroticism(N), and Lie (L)were related to EBP of hui nationality LBC(see table 8 for details)..
Table 7: Univariate analysis of the influence of general demographic data on EBP of hui nationality LBC (n=383)
Characteristics
|
externalizing behavior problems
|
total number
|
positive number
|
χ2
|
P-value
|
Gender
|
male
|
194
|
22
|
0.167
|
0.683
|
female
|
189
|
24
|
Caregiver's education level
|
junior high school or higher
|
76
|
10
|
0.118
|
0.731
|
primary school or lower
|
307
|
36
|
Age group
|
aged 6-11
|
114
|
12
|
0.338
|
0.561
|
aged 12-16
|
269
|
34
|
Father's education level
|
junior high school or higher
|
77
|
5
|
2.776
|
0.096
|
primary school or lower
|
306
|
41
|
Maternal education level
|
junior high school or higher
|
29
|
5
|
0.365
|
0.546
|
primary school or lower
|
354
|
41
|
Frequency of contact with teachers
|
at least once a week
|
26
|
2
|
10.01
|
0.018
|
at least once a month
|
47
|
4
|
> once a month
|
222
|
21
|
never contact
|
88
|
19
|
Academic performance
|
good
|
53
|
2
|
14.98
|
0.001
|
moderate
|
262
|
27
|
poor
|
68
|
17
|
Only child
|
yes
|
15
|
3
|
0.320
|
0.571
|
no
|
368
|
43
|
Parents’ divorced
|
yes
|
16
|
1
|
0.110
|
0.740
|
no
|
367
|
45
|
Working out conditions
|
Single parents go out
|
252
|
24
|
4.311
|
0.038
|
Both parents go out
|
131
|
22
|
Father's occupation
|
farmers
|
233
|
28
|
0.000
|
0.996
|
Not farmers
|
150
|
18
|
Mother's occupation
|
farmers
|
287
|
30
|
2.628
|
0.105
|
Not farmers
|
96
|
16
|
Father alive
|
yes
|
373
|
46
|
0.428
|
0.236
|
no
|
10
|
0
|
Mother alive
|
yes
|
375
|
45
|
0.000
|
0.966
|
no
|
8
|
1
|
Table 8: Univariate analysis of the influence of measurement data on EBP of hui nationality LBC(n=383) ( ± s)
Variables
|
externalizing behavior problems
|
t
|
P-value
|
no(337)
|
yes(46)
|
PHCSS
|
|
|
|
|
|
Behavior
|
11.77±2.54
|
9.20±2.72
|
6.407
|
0.000
|
Intellectual and School Status
|
8.34±3.28
|
7.46±3.16
|
1.729
|
0.085
|
Physical Appearance and Attributes
|
5.60±2.76
|
5.52±2.69
|
0.179
|
0.858
|
Anxiety
|
8.21±2.52
|
6.93±2.59
|
3.210
|
0.001
|
Popularity
|
8.17±2.06
|
6.87±2.26
|
3.960
|
0.000
|
Happiness and Satisfaction
|
6.58±1.95
|
5.91±2.19
|
2.151
|
0.032
|
Total Score of self-concept
|
49.37±10.73
|
40.59±10.72
|
4.026
|
0.000
|
EMBU
|
|
|
|
|
|
Emotional warmth and understanding(F)
|
44.31±9.59
|
43.04±10.25
|
0.835
|
0.405
|
Punishment and strictness(F)
|
19.28±5.81
|
23.67±8.12
|
-3.543
|
0.001
|
Over-interference(F)
|
18.64±4.61
|
20.41±6.23
|
-1.857
|
0.069
|
Favoring subjects(F)
|
8.71±3.10
|
10.00±3.67
|
-2.591
|
0.010
|
Refusal and denial(F)
|
9.16±3.12
|
11.20±4.29
|
-3.106
|
0.003
|
Over-protection(F)
|
10.28±2.58
|
11.20±2.78
|
-2.229
|
0.026
|
Emotional warmth and understanding(M)
|
47.46±9.35
|
44.72±8.80
|
1.881
|
0.061
|
Over- interference and over-protection(M)
|
34.07±6.62
|
36.48±6.89
|
-2.300
|
0.022
|
Refusal and denial(M)
|
13.01±4.03
|
16.13±4.82
|
-4.189
|
0.000
|
Punishment and strictness(M)
|
14.15±4.50
|
17.61±5.53
|
-4.062
|
0.000
|
Favoring subjects(M)
|
9.91±2.98
|
10.48±3.40
|
-1.201
|
0.232
|
EPQ
|
|
|
|
|
|
Extroversion-introversion (E)
|
15.10±4.19
|
13.30±3.29
|
2.795
|
0.005
|
Psychoticism (P)
|
10.29±4.52
|
11.80±4.13
|
-2.154
|
0.032
|
Neuroticism (N)
|
4.53±2.76
|
6.43±2.96
|
-4.358
|
0.000
|
Lie (L)
|
13.44±4.25
|
11.59±3.72
|
2.815
|
0.005
|
Note: father(F), mother(M)
Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis results
The total score of EBP of hui nationality LBC was taken as the dependent variable (negative = 0, positive = 1), and 19 factors with statistical significance in univariate analysis,including behavior,anxiety, popularity, happiness and satisfaction, total score of self-concept, father punishment and strictness, father favoring subjects, father refusal and denial, father overprotection, mother over-interference and overprotection, mother refusal and denial, mother punishment and strictness, extroversion-introversion,psychoticism, neuroticism,lie, frequency contact with teacher, academic performance and parents working out conditions were taken as the independent variables. Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis, by using forward conditions, into the standard of alpha = 0.05, exclusion criteria =0.10,showed that low self-awareness of behavior, introversion and intermediate personality were the risk factors for the EBP of hui nationality LBC, while the intermediate type of mother refusal and denial was the protective factor for the EBP of hui nationality LBC. As shown in the table 9and10.
Table 9: Assignment table of non-conditional Logistic regression analysis
Variables
|
The assignment
|
Externalizing behavioral problems(Y)
|
Negative = 0, Positive = 1
|
Behavior(X1)
|
Low score =1,Medium score =2,High score =3
|
Anxiety(X2)
|
Low score =1,Medium score =2,High score =3
|
Popularity(X3)
|
Low score =1,Medium score =2,High score =3
|
Happiness and Satisfaction(X4)
|
Low score =1,Medium score =2,High score =3
|
Total Score of self-concept(X5)
|
Low score =1,Medium score =2,High score =3
|
Father punishment and strictness(X6)
|
Low score =1,Medium score =2,High score =3
|
Father favoring subjects(X7)
|
Low score =1,Medium score =2,High score =3
|
Father refusal and denial(X8)
|
Low score =1,Medium score =2,High score =3
|
Father overprotection(X9)
|
Low score =1,Medium score =2,High score =3
|
Mother over-interference and overprotection(X10)
|
Low score =1,Medium score =2,High score =3
|
Mother refusal and denial(X11)
|
Low score =1,Medium score =2,High score =3
|
Mother punishment and strictness(X12)
|
Low score =1,Medium score =2,High score =3
|
Extroversion-introversion (X13)
|
Low score =1,Medium score =2,High score =3
|
Psychoticism (X14)
|
Low score =1,Medium score =2,High score =3
|
Neuroticism(X15)
|
Low score =1,Medium score =2,High score =3
|
Lie(X16)
|
Low score =1,Medium score =2,High score =3
|
Frequency of contact with teachers(X17)
|
at least once a week =0;at least once a month =1;> once a month =2;never contact =3
|
Academic performance(X18)
|
Good =0, Moderate =1, Poor=2
|
Parents working out conditions(X19)
|
Father working out=0;Mother working out=1;Both parents working out =2
|
Table 10 Results of multivariate logistic regression analysis predicting EBP of hui nationality LBC (n=383)
variables
|
reference
|
|
B
|
S.E.
|
Wald
|
P-value
|
OR (95%CI)
|
behavior
|
High
|
Low
|
2.504
|
1.060
|
5.580
|
0.018
|
12.226(1.531~97.596)
|
|
Medium
|
0.883
|
1.061
|
0.693
|
0.405
|
2.417(0.302~19.328)
|
mother refusal and denial
|
High
|
Low
|
-1.899
|
1.069
|
3.153
|
0.076
|
0.150(0.018~1.218)
|
|
Medium
|
-0.967
|
0.372
|
6.771
|
0.009
|
0.380(0.184~0.788)
|
extroversion-introversion
|
High
|
Low
|
2.493
|
1.064
|
5.496
|
0.019
|
12.103(1.505~97.328)
|
|
Medium
|
2.272
|
1.049
|
4.688
|
0.030
|
9.701(1.240~75.864)
|
frequency of contact with teachers
|
at least once a week
|
at least once a month
|
-0.005
|
0.949
|
0.000
|
0.996
|
0.995(0.155~6.395)
|
|
> once a month
|
0.685
|
0.805
|
0.724
|
0.395
|
1.983(0.410~9.598)
|
|
never contact
|
1.440
|
0.819
|
3.090
|
0.079
|
4.219(0.848~20.999)
|
constant
|
|
|
-5.827
|
1.596
|
13.327
|
0.000
|
0.003
|
Note:Hosmer and Lemeshow Test for goodness-of-fit:χ2=5.674,P=0.684. . The fitting is good.