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Research article
Experimental Pain and Fatigue Induced by Excessive Chewing
Samaa Al Sayegh
Karolinska Institutet
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6915-8143
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published version at BMC Oral Health.
Background: The study was aiming to optimize excessive gum chewing as an experimental model to induce jaw muscle pain and fatigue similar to those in painful TMDs with durations that would allow immediate investigations of jaw-motor function. Further, if any sex differences would be detected in the expression of pain. Methods: This randomized, double blinded study included 31 healthy participants of both sexes. A standardized chewing protocol of either 40- or 60-minutes of chewing was used with a wash-out period of one week. Subjective fatigue, pain characteristics and functional measures were assessed. For statistical analyses, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, Mann–Whitney Rank Sum test and Friedman’s ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test were used. Results: High subjective fatigue scores that lasted up to 20 minutes after the end of the trial were significantly induced both in the 40- and 60-minute chewing trials (P<0.001). Significant but mild pain was induced only in the 60-minute trial (P=0.004) and only in men (P=0.04). Also, the induced pain area was significantly bigger in the 60-minute trial (P=0.009). However, this increase in pain and pain area did not last to the first 10-minute follow-up. There were no significant differences neither between the 40- and 60-minute chewing trials, except regarding the pain area (P=0.008*), nor between the sexes. Conclusion: Taken together, excessive chewing in its current form does not seem to be a proper pain experimental model. The model needs further adjustments in order to mimic TMD-pain especially in women and to prolong the pain duration.
Keywords
Pain model, Fatigue, Chewing gum, Sex differences, Temporomandibular disorders.
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
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Posted 09 Jun, 2020
Published
On 29 Jun, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 08 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 03 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 02 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 02 Jun, 2020
No comments provided
Review #3 received
Received 24 May, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 24 May, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 07 May, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 01 May, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 29 Apr, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 15 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 15 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 15 Apr, 2020
Editor assigned
On 06 Apr, 2020
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On 05 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
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This preprint is under consideration at BMC Oral Health. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Experimental Pain and Fatigue Induced by Excessive Chewing
Samaa Al Sayegh
Karolinska Institutet
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6915-8143
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
Version 2
Posted 09 Jun, 2020
Published
On 29 Jun, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 08 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 03 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 02 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 02 Jun, 2020
No comments provided
Review #3 received
Received 24 May, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 24 May, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 07 May, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 01 May, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 29 Apr, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 15 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 15 Apr, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 15 Apr, 2020
Editor assigned
On 06 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 05 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 05 Apr, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published version at BMC Oral Health.
Background: The study was aiming to optimize excessive gum chewing as an experimental model to induce jaw muscle pain and fatigue similar to those in painful TMDs with durations that would allow immediate investigations of jaw-motor function. Further, if any sex differences would be detected in the expression of pain. Methods: This randomized, double blinded study included 31 healthy participants of both sexes. A standardized chewing protocol of either 40- or 60-minutes of chewing was used with a wash-out period of one week. Subjective fatigue, pain characteristics and functional measures were assessed. For statistical analyses, Wilcoxon Signed Rank test, Mann–Whitney Rank Sum test and Friedman’s ANOVA with Tukey post-hoc test were used. Results: High subjective fatigue scores that lasted up to 20 minutes after the end of the trial were significantly induced both in the 40- and 60-minute chewing trials (P<0.001). Significant but mild pain was induced only in the 60-minute trial (P=0.004) and only in men (P=0.04). Also, the induced pain area was significantly bigger in the 60-minute trial (P=0.009). However, this increase in pain and pain area did not last to the first 10-minute follow-up. There were no significant differences neither between the 40- and 60-minute chewing trials, except regarding the pain area (P=0.008*), nor between the sexes. Conclusion: Taken together, excessive chewing in its current form does not seem to be a proper pain experimental model. The model needs further adjustments in order to mimic TMD-pain especially in women and to prolong the pain duration.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3