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Research article
Spatiotemporal Characteristics and meteorological determinants of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Shaanxi Province, China: a county-level analysis
Feng Liu
Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Corresponding Author
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This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is one of the common intestinal infectious diseases worldwide and has caused huge economic and disease burdens in many countries. The average annual incidence rate of HFMD was 11.66% in Shaanxi during the time span from 2009 to 2018. There are distinct differences within Shaanxi, as it is a special region that crosses three temperature zones. Hence, in this study, a spatiotemporal analysis of Shaanxi was performed to reveal the characteristics of the distribution of HFMD and to explore the meteorological determinants of HFMD.
Methods: The county-level and municipal data from Shaanxi Province from 2009 to 2018 were applied to research the spatiotemporal characteristics of HFMD and its meteorological determinants. Time series and spatial autocorrelation analyses were applied to assess the spatiotemporal characteristics of HFMD. This study used spatial econometric panel models to explore the relationship between HFMD and meteorological factors based on the data of 107 counties and 10 municipalities.
Results: The incidence rate of HFMD displayed no variable trend throughout the whole research period. A high incidence rate of HFMD was observed from June to September, corresponding to a time when the climate is characterized by heavy rain, high temperature, and high humidity. The high-incidence areas were mainly located in the central region in Shaanxi, whereas the low-incidence spots were mainly found in Northern Shaanxi. Regarding the meteorological factors analysed in this study, in general, the incidence rate of HFMD in specific regions was positively associated with the rainfall, temperature and humidity.
Conclusion: These results could be applied by the government and the general public to take effective measures to prevent disease. Region-targeted policies could be enacted and implemented in the future according to specific situations in different areas and the relevant meteorological determinants. Additionally, meteorological conditions normally extend to a wide-ranging region; thus, cooperation among surrounding regions is necessary.
Keywords
Hand-foot-mouth disease, spatio-temporal characteristics, time series analysis, spatial autocorrelation analysis, spatial econometric panel models, Shaanxi province
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CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
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Posted 11 Jan, 2021
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Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 27 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 27 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 25 Dec, 2020
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On 25 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 25 Dec, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 15 Dec, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 15 Dec, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 30 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 14 Oct, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 02 Oct, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 28 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 27 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 26 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 26 Sep, 2020
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Editorial decision: Major revision
On 01 Sep, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 29 Aug, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 09 May, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 28 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 19 Apr, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 16 Apr, 2020
Editor assigned
On 14 Apr, 2020
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On 13 Apr, 2020
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This preprint is under consideration at BMC Public Health. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Spatiotemporal Characteristics and meteorological determinants of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease in Shaanxi Province, China: a county-level analysis
Feng Liu
Shaanxi Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 3
Posted 11 Jan, 2021
No community comments so far
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 27 Dec, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 27 Dec, 2020
Editor assigned
On 25 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 25 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 25 Dec, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 15 Dec, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 15 Dec, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 30 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 14 Oct, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 02 Oct, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 28 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 27 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 26 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 26 Sep, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 01 Sep, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 29 Aug, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 09 May, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 28 Apr, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 19 Apr, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 16 Apr, 2020
Editor assigned
On 14 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 13 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 13 Apr, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is one of the common intestinal infectious diseases worldwide and has caused huge economic and disease burdens in many countries. The average annual incidence rate of HFMD was 11.66% in Shaanxi during the time span from 2009 to 2018. There are distinct differences within Shaanxi, as it is a special region that crosses three temperature zones. Hence, in this study, a spatiotemporal analysis of Shaanxi was performed to reveal the characteristics of the distribution of HFMD and to explore the meteorological determinants of HFMD.
Methods: The county-level and municipal data from Shaanxi Province from 2009 to 2018 were applied to research the spatiotemporal characteristics of HFMD and its meteorological determinants. Time series and spatial autocorrelation analyses were applied to assess the spatiotemporal characteristics of HFMD. This study used spatial econometric panel models to explore the relationship between HFMD and meteorological factors based on the data of 107 counties and 10 municipalities.
Results: The incidence rate of HFMD displayed no variable trend throughout the whole research period. A high incidence rate of HFMD was observed from June to September, corresponding to a time when the climate is characterized by heavy rain, high temperature, and high humidity. The high-incidence areas were mainly located in the central region in Shaanxi, whereas the low-incidence spots were mainly found in Northern Shaanxi. Regarding the meteorological factors analysed in this study, in general, the incidence rate of HFMD in specific regions was positively associated with the rainfall, temperature and humidity.
Conclusion: These results could be applied by the government and the general public to take effective measures to prevent disease. Region-targeted policies could be enacted and implemented in the future according to specific situations in different areas and the relevant meteorological determinants. Additionally, meteorological conditions normally extend to a wide-ranging region; thus, cooperation among surrounding regions is necessary.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Due to technical limitations, full-text HTML conversion of this manuscript could not be completed. However, the manuscript can be downloaded and accessed as a PDF.