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Research Article
Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Provides Insight Into Carpel Petaloid in Lotus (Nelumbo Nucifera)
Zhongyuan Lin
Minjiang University
Corresponding Author
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is a famous flower with high ornamental value. Flower color and flower morphology are two main factors for flower lotus breeding. Petaloid is a universal phenomenon in lotus flowers. However, the genetic regulation of floral organ petaloid in lotus still remains unclear.
Results: In this study, the transcriptomic analysis was performed among five organs, including petal, stamen petaloid, stamen, carpel petaloid, and carpel in lotus. 812 annotated DEGs related to carpel petaloid were identified. Our study showed that DNA methylation may be involved in regulating carpel petaloid. To identify the patterns of gene expression in the petaloid process using WGCNA analysis, 37 candidate genes were found to be related to carpel petaloid. Additionally, one floral homeotic gene encoded by MADS box transcription factor, AGAMOUS (AG), was identified as the candidate gene for petaloid in lotus. Meanwhile, a predicted labile boundary in floral organs of N. nucifera was hypothesized.
Conclusions: In summary, the above results explored the candidate genes related to carpel petaloid, setting a theoretical basis for the molecular regulation of petaloid phenotype.
Keywords
Nelumbo nucifera, Flower morphology, Petaloid, Floral organ, MADS box
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This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
- Fig.S1.tif
Additionally file1: Fig. S1. Correlation of FPKMs of all DEGs in pair-wise comparison among C, Cp, P, Sp, and St.
- Fig.S2.tif
Additionally file2: Fig. S2. Correlation relationship of the common DEGs in ‘Fenhonglingxiao’ and ‘Sleeping Beauty’.
- Fig.S3.tif
Additionally file3: Fig. S3. The most enriched GO terms of three clustered annotated DEGs. (A) The most enriched GO terms of cluster 1 with 411 annotated DEGs. (B) The most enriched GO terms of cluster 2 with 281 annotated DEGs. (C) The most enriched GO terms of cluster 3 with 120 annotated DEGs.
- Fig.S4.tif
Additionally file4: Fig. S4. KEGG classification of three clustered annotated DEGs. (A) KEGG classification of cluster 1 with 411 annotated DEGs. (B) KEGG classification of cluster 2 with 281 annotated DEGs. (C) KEGG classification of cluster 3 with 120 annotated DEGs.
- Fig.S5.tif
Additionally file5: Fig. S5. Heat maps of phytohormone-related genes and transcription factors (TFs) in comparison of three floral organs. (A) 33 phytohormonerelated genes. (B) 47 transcription factors.
- TableS1.docx
Additionally file6: Table S1. Summary of RNA sequencing and assembly.
- TableS2.xlsx
Additionally file7: Table S2. All genes annotations.
- TableS3.xlsx
Additionally file8: Table S3. 812 annotated DEGs.
- TableS4.docx
Additionally file9: Table S4. Primers used in this study.
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CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
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Received 01 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 17 Feb, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 17 Feb, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 17 Feb, 2021
Reviewers invited
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On 06 Feb, 2021
Editor invited
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This preprint is under consideration at BMC Genomics. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research Article
Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Provides Insight Into Carpel Petaloid in Lotus (Nelumbo Nucifera)
Zhongyuan Lin
Minjiang University
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 1
Posted 19 Feb, 2021
No community comments so far
Review #1 received
Received 01 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 17 Feb, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 17 Feb, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 17 Feb, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 14 Feb, 2021
Editor assigned
On 06 Feb, 2021
Editor invited
On 04 Feb, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 04 Feb, 2021
First submitted
On 02 Feb, 2021
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Epigenetics & Genomics
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is a famous flower with high ornamental value. Flower color and flower morphology are two main factors for flower lotus breeding. Petaloid is a universal phenomenon in lotus flowers. However, the genetic regulation of floral organ petaloid in lotus still remains unclear.
Results: In this study, the transcriptomic analysis was performed among five organs, including petal, stamen petaloid, stamen, carpel petaloid, and carpel in lotus. 812 annotated DEGs related to carpel petaloid were identified. Our study showed that DNA methylation may be involved in regulating carpel petaloid. To identify the patterns of gene expression in the petaloid process using WGCNA analysis, 37 candidate genes were found to be related to carpel petaloid. Additionally, one floral homeotic gene encoded by MADS box transcription factor, AGAMOUS (AG), was identified as the candidate gene for petaloid in lotus. Meanwhile, a predicted labile boundary in floral organs of N. nucifera was hypothesized.
Conclusions: In summary, the above results explored the candidate genes related to carpel petaloid, setting a theoretical basis for the molecular regulation of petaloid phenotype.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8