Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Provides Insight Into Carpel Petaloid in Lotus (Nelumbo Nucifera)
Background: Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is a famous flower with high ornamental value. Flower color and flower morphology are two main factors for flower lotus breeding. Petaloid is a universal phenomenon in lotus flowers. However, the genetic regulation of floral organ petaloid in lotus still remains unclear.
Results: In this study, the transcriptomic analysis was performed among five organs, including petal, stamen petaloid, stamen, carpel petaloid, and carpel in lotus. 812 annotated DEGs related to carpel petaloid were identified. Our study showed that DNA methylation may be involved in regulating carpel petaloid. To identify the patterns of gene expression in the petaloid process using WGCNA analysis, 37 candidate genes were found to be related to carpel petaloid. Additionally, one floral homeotic gene encoded by MADS box transcription factor, AGAMOUS (AG), was identified as the candidate gene for petaloid in lotus. Meanwhile, a predicted labile boundary in floral organs of N. nucifera was hypothesized.
Conclusions: In summary, the above results explored the candidate genes related to carpel petaloid, setting a theoretical basis for the molecular regulation of petaloid phenotype.
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This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
Additionally file1: Fig. S1. Correlation of FPKMs of all DEGs in pair-wise comparison among C, Cp, P, Sp, and St.
Additionally file2: Fig. S2. Correlation relationship of the common DEGs in ‘Fenhonglingxiao’ and ‘Sleeping Beauty’.
Additionally file3: Fig. S3. The most enriched GO terms of three clustered annotated DEGs. (A) The most enriched GO terms of cluster 1 with 411 annotated DEGs. (B) The most enriched GO terms of cluster 2 with 281 annotated DEGs. (C) The most enriched GO terms of cluster 3 with 120 annotated DEGs.
Additionally file4: Fig. S4. KEGG classification of three clustered annotated DEGs. (A) KEGG classification of cluster 1 with 411 annotated DEGs. (B) KEGG classification of cluster 2 with 281 annotated DEGs. (C) KEGG classification of cluster 3 with 120 annotated DEGs.
Additionally file5: Fig. S5. Heat maps of phytohormone-related genes and transcription factors (TFs) in comparison of three floral organs. (A) 33 phytohormonerelated genes. (B) 47 transcription factors.
Additionally file6: Table S1. Summary of RNA sequencing and assembly.
Additionally file7: Table S2. All genes annotations.
Additionally file8: Table S3. 812 annotated DEGs.
Additionally file9: Table S4. Primers used in this study.
Posted 19 Feb, 2021
Received 01 Mar, 2021
On 17 Feb, 2021
On 17 Feb, 2021
On 17 Feb, 2021
Invitations sent on 14 Feb, 2021
On 06 Feb, 2021
On 04 Feb, 2021
On 04 Feb, 2021
On 02 Feb, 2021
Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Provides Insight Into Carpel Petaloid in Lotus (Nelumbo Nucifera)
Posted 19 Feb, 2021
Received 01 Mar, 2021
On 17 Feb, 2021
On 17 Feb, 2021
On 17 Feb, 2021
Invitations sent on 14 Feb, 2021
On 06 Feb, 2021
On 04 Feb, 2021
On 04 Feb, 2021
On 02 Feb, 2021
Background: Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) is a famous flower with high ornamental value. Flower color and flower morphology are two main factors for flower lotus breeding. Petaloid is a universal phenomenon in lotus flowers. However, the genetic regulation of floral organ petaloid in lotus still remains unclear.
Results: In this study, the transcriptomic analysis was performed among five organs, including petal, stamen petaloid, stamen, carpel petaloid, and carpel in lotus. 812 annotated DEGs related to carpel petaloid were identified. Our study showed that DNA methylation may be involved in regulating carpel petaloid. To identify the patterns of gene expression in the petaloid process using WGCNA analysis, 37 candidate genes were found to be related to carpel petaloid. Additionally, one floral homeotic gene encoded by MADS box transcription factor, AGAMOUS (AG), was identified as the candidate gene for petaloid in lotus. Meanwhile, a predicted labile boundary in floral organs of N. nucifera was hypothesized.
Conclusions: In summary, the above results explored the candidate genes related to carpel petaloid, setting a theoretical basis for the molecular regulation of petaloid phenotype.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8