New Basement Structural Division Map from Analyzing Magnetic Data of Iraq Southern Desert Using Phase Preserving Dynamic Range Compression Technique

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2007527/v1

Download PDF

Research Article

New Basement Structural Division Map from Analyzing Magnetic Data of Iraq Southern Desert Using Phase Preserving Dynamic Range Compression Technique

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2007527/v1

This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License

Version 1

posted

You are reading this latest preprint version

The Iraq Southern Desert (SD) lies in southwest Iraq and tectonically occupies a position on the stable part of the Arabian Platform. The area is characterized by a considerable thickness of Phanerozoic sedimentary sequences, generally non-magnetic, that overlie a Precambrian and reworked Proterozoic basement. The magnetic field, therefore, generally represents the responses of basement rocks.

Several qualitative approaches are used for data enhancement of the potential field (gravity and magnetic) allowing for better qualitative interpretation. The present work aims to analyze the magnetic and gravity datasets of the SD and interpret them in terms of structures in the postulated basement and the sedimentary cover. In the present study, the Phase Preserving Dynamic Range Compression technique, which produces a set of dynamic range compressed images at different scales, is utilized to analyze gravity and magnetic datasets of the (SD). A free-download MATLAB code designed for this purpose is used to perform the required analyses. Large scale (long wavelengths) magnetic image, usually reflects deep sources, offers a possibility of structural interpretation of the Proterozoic basement into three blocks and sub-blocks; northwestern block, central block, and southeastern block. The blocks are separated by basement structural lows or grabens that are inferred from depth to basement maps. A small-scale wavelength image usually reflects magnetic sources at shallow basement depth, and displays different magnetic features mostly make up NE-SW lineaments. Analysis of gravity data at large- and small scales show gravity lows and lineament structures within the basement and the sedimentary cover, respectively.

Basement relief

magnetic interpretation

gravity interpretation

potential data processing

The study area is the Southern Desert (SD) lies in southwest Iraq and covers some 76 000 km². The SD is characterized by intensive karst phenomena that are notoriously difficult to seismically image in the subsurface (Mohammed, 2006). Integration of seismic reflection with gravity data in the SD is strongly recommended to reveal subsurface geological structures of interest (Al-Bahadily et al., 2022a). The SD is generally described by thick sedimentary sequences, not less than 5.5 km in the eastern part of the SD, extend in age from Infracambrian to Quaternary depression-filled sediments. The sequences in general are non-magnetic, overlay Precambrian, and reworked Proterozoic basement. No borehole yet reached the basement, and due to the problems caused by intensive karst terranes and what results from them in limited depth imaging, the potential data, especially magnetics are the lonely source that reveals the basement.

One of the motivations of the present study is the SD lacks detailed structural and tectonic maps covering the area due to partially the difficulty of subsurface imaging by the seismic reflection that requires integrated imaging using the potential-field data (Filina et al., 2020). Providing such maps could strongly participate in driving the drilling programs and contribute discovering not only energy resources but also new economic minerals.

The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the potential anomalies (magnetic and gravity) at different depths and to present a new structural elements map for the SD including the Proterozoic basement and sedimentary cover structures utilizing the Phase Preserving Dynamic Range Compression (PPDRC) approach.

The SD occupies a position on the stable part of the Arabian Platform (Buday and Jassim, 1984) or occupies a position within the Inner Platform (Fouad, 2015) and is bounded from the northeast by the Mesopotamian Foredeep Basin (the Outer Platform or unstable part) along the Abu Jir Fault Zone (Fig. 1, and the inset map).The Abu Jir Fault Zone has variable width and delineates the tectonic transition zone between the two parts of the Platform (Al-Banna and Ali, 2018). The area is characterized by a considerable thickness of Phanerozoic sedimentary sequences, generally non-magnetic, that overlie the Precambrian and reworked Proterozoic basement.

Stony plateau landscapes gently slope eastwards are the main surface characteristic of the study area. The plateaus were developed during two tectonic phases followed by the Oligocene Uplift. The first phase developed the older plateaus that witnessed the onset of subterranean hallows and caves, whereas the second phase formed the younger plateaus during the Pliocene onward (Ma’ala, 2009). The plateaus’ evolution is associated with the continued deformation and deposition during Miocene and Pliocene times resulting in the final collision along the northern and eastern boundaries of the Arabian Plate with the Iranian portion of Eurasia (Jassim and Buday, 2006). The regional strike of the strata is NW–SE with an estimated dip of 2° – 3° towards the NE.

Three major fault systems are dissected the postulated basement which played a significant role in controlling basement blocks/sub-blocks movements and sedimentary basins evolution during geologic times. The older fault system (~ 680 Ma) is the NS trending Nabitah system, then the NW–SE trending Najd shear system (~ 670 Ma), and the third system is the transverse fault system which may have formed in late Precambrian times, and composed of two main trends, the NE–SW and the EW (Jassim, 2006). An extension stage (~ 610 Ma) that followed the compression led to the development of basin systems parallel with or perpendicular to the Najd System. The basins were the site of intrusive and extrusive magmatism and Infracambrian salt basin in south Arabia, the Gulf, and southwest Iran (Jassim, 2006). The Jabal Sanam infracambrian salt plug, confirmed by seismic, sits just 40 km to the extreme eastern corner of the SD at a latitude of 30° (see Fig. 1 for location of Jabal Sanam). The Paleozoic in the west and southwest Iraq (the study area) is a complete petroleum system (Aqrawi, 1998) wherefore the occurrence of structural lows or proximal sub-basin systems in the basement is significant for future hydrocarbon explorations (Al-Bahadily et al., 2022b).

The evolution of extensional basin system may be illustrated in Fig. (2) which displays the main oceanic – continental structural features of rift domains along an idealized section compiled by Granado et al., (2018). The Fig. demonstrates upper crustal graben and half-graben structures developed on the proximal domain that is away about ~ 300 km from the rift zone.

The variations in the thickness of rock units and the stratigraphy throughout the study area are strongly linked with the basement’s zones of weakness and its tectonic and structural evolution (basins development) through geologic times, and these variations could geophysically be translated in terms of variations in the measured potential field (gravity and magnetic). In a recent study, Al-Bahadily et al., (2022b) interpret high-amplitude negative anomalies that appear in the magnetic residual map of the SD as possible proximal sub-basin system on the platform.

As is the case in the other regions of Iraq, the deepest exploration well in the study area, the Diwan-1 well (see Fig. 1 for location), does not reach the basement and has only penetrated the Upper Permian Chia Zairi Formation with a total depth of 5483 m (below sea level). Therefore, our information about the postulated basement composition and construction is built mainly on the available magnetic and to some extent on gravity data.

The data of national airborne magnetic and gravity surveys are utilized in this study. The magnetic dataset acquired in 1974 by the French firm Compagnie General de Geophysique (CGG) (CGG, 1974). The national airborne survey is utilized primarily to determine the depth of the basement. The SD was surveyed by NE flight lines at 140 m altitudes with a line spacing of 2 km, tie line-oriented SW and spacing of 10 km, utilizing a cesium vapour magnetometer with a measuring accuracy of 0.1 gamma resolution. The survey yielded a grid of an effective station spacing of 520 m.

The Total Magnetic Intensity (TMI) dataset, of the study area, has been transformed into the differential reduced to the pole (RTP) dataset using the algorithm of Swain (2000) to reduce the complication raised by the dipolar nature of magnetic anomalies by removing the dependence of magnetic anomalies on the magnetic inclination. The RTP and gravity maps of the SD are presented in Figs. (3 and 4), respectively.

The national gravity survey provides coverage across the entire Iraq territory except for the highly folded zone and was jointly acquired by the Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC) and the Iraq Geological Survey (GEOSURV). The gravity coverage of the Southern Desert was initially surveyed by IPC in 1945. Later in the 1980s, it was seamlessly compiled with the other regions of the Iraq territory to produce the unified Bouguer gravity maps of Iraq (Al-Kadhimi et al., 1984). The data have since been reprocessed and put in Geosoft database format as fully terrain corrected Complete Bouguer products GEOSURV and GETECH in 2011.

The magnetic and gravity datasets are put in a standard Geosoft database format after performing the required correction by GEOSURV and GETECH (GEOSURV and GETECH, 2011; Lei et al., 2013). These datasets are used in this study.

The PPDRC approach is an image processing tool that allows expressing the subtle features in an image out of misrepresentation. The approach is proposed by Kovesi (2012) who used it in the qualitative interpretation of magnetic data. The main idea is that the phase or tilt angle remains constant during the application of a desired high-pass filter. This will keep on the fine features to be visible in the analysis. To apply this approach, firstly, a high-pass filter is applied to the data; this controls the desired scale (small- or large-scale features) of analysis, which is important. Under the high-pass filtering, the relative magnitude of features can vary but not their locations (Kovesi, 2012).

Spatial frequencies in the image with wavelengths greater than the specified value will be suppressed allowing the residual features to be seen more readily. Then, the 2D analytic signal (AS) at each point in the image is computed. The AS is a complex vector function that can be expressed in term of the Analytic Signal Amplitude (ASA) and the local phase (tilt angle, θ), which is an important attribute for human visual system for image interpretation. Perceptually important phase information is preserved and the contrast amplification of anomalies in the signal is purely a function of their amplitude. The relationship between the ASA and θ is explained in Eqs. 1 and 2 (Nabighian, 1972, 1974; Miller and Singh, 1994);

ASA= \(\sqrt{{\left(\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}\right)}^{2}+{\left(\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}\right)}^{2}+{\left(\frac{\partial f}{\partial z}\right)}^{2}}\) (1)

θ= \({tan}^{-1}\frac{\frac{\partial f}{\partial z}}{\sqrt{{\left(\frac{\partial f}{\partial x}\right)}^{2}+{\left(\frac{\partial f}{\partial y}\right)}^{2}}}\) (2)

where (∂f/∂x) and (∂f/∂y) are the first horizontal derivatives in the x and y-directions, respectively, and (∂f/∂z) is the vertical derivative of the magnetic (or gravity) field; f.

When the highpass filter is used, the dynamic range of the image is compressed after that the image is reproduced using the initial phase values and the new amplitudes range. Kovesi (2012) shows that the amplitude is lowered by calculating its logarithm then summing with 1 to avert signal reversal for amplitude values less than 1, the signal is then reproduced using the initial phase values. A MATLAB code provided by Peter Kovesi; MATLAB and Octave Functions for Computer Vision and Image Processing [online]. Website https://www.peterkovesi.com/matlabfns/ [accessed 04, 2021]. The website contains an algorithm runs in the wavenumber domain to make sure that the features accuracy is maintained though keeping on the initial phase information. Utilizing this technique enables to produce a set of dynamic range compression (DRC) images at multi scales. Worthy mentioning, the authors have reproduced a MATLAB code to provide a video file of format *.avi for analyzing images (colored images) at each 10 gu. This is important in interpretation since it facilitates following the magnetic and gravity features from high frequencies, supposed at a shallow depth, to low frequencies, supposed at a great depth.

It is expected that applying the PPDRC technique to the potential data of the SD could enhance the gravity and magnetic anomalies at different wavelengths, particularly, the subtle features (low amplitude) and make them more easily for the qualitative interpretation i.e. the new images can not be used in quantitative interpretation since the anomaly amplitudes may be modified.

The RTP image size is 903 × 685 grid unite (gu) (1 gu = 520 m) (Fig. 1) that has been analyzed into 100 colored scales (ranging from wavelength = 10 gu to wavelength = 1000 gu with a scale interval = 10 gu) (RTP.avi, available at supplementary material) for fast inspection of magnetic data. Among these 100 wavelength scales of the RTP image, three-wavelength scales, which are supposed to represent short-, intermediate-, and long-wavelengths, are chosen for interpretation and lineaments detection. Figure (5) demonstrates the results of RTP image analysis into three different scales; a short-wavelength scale of 100 gu (frequency (f) = 1/100 Hz), an intermediate wavelength scale of 500 gu (f = 1/500 Hz), and a long-wavelength scale of 1000 gu (f = 1/1000 Hz).

The analyzed images of scales 500 gu and 1000 gu (Figs. 5b, and 5c, respectively) reveal the possibility of dividing the Proterozoic basement rocks of the SD into three distinctive blocks separated by basement magnetic lows mostly grabens (Al-Rahim and Lima, 2016); the northwestern block (NWB), and the central block (CB) and the southeastern block (SEB) (the solid thick red lines in Figs. 5b and 5c). The grabens are inferred from depth to basement maps, particularly, those deduced from SPI method (Al-Bahadily et al., 2022b; Al-Bahadily and Al-Rahim, 2022; Abdulrahim and Al-Rahim, 2019). Moreover, each block may be subdivided into, at least, two sub-blocks by nearly NS trending lineaments (Figs. 5b and 5c, the dashed red lines). The blocks are separated by magnetic lows, which are either structural lows, or low susceptibility zones and the sub-blocks are characterized by different anomaly patterns or anomaly types and each block may display horst and graben structural configuration.

Conversely, the blocks cannot be ascertained in the short wavelength scales (100 gu) (Fig. 5a) since this scale reveals only the magnetic features of relatively shallow depth. Nevertheless, the anomalies at this scale appear to have mostly NE–SW-oriented lineaments (Fig. 5a). The blocks boundaries coincide well with the regional transversal weak zones within the basement. However, the NS trending lineaments, which divide each block into sub-blocks, agree well with the basement-inherited Neoproterozoic Nabitah Fault System dominated the Arabia.

However, the gravity map, image size 312 × 243 grid unite (gu) (1 gu = 1500 m) (Fig. 2), has been analyzed, into 40 wavelength colored scales starts with wavelength 10 gu and ends with wavelength 400 gu with 10 gu scale interval. The scales are presented in a video file format Grav.avi (available at supplementary material) for fast inspection of gravity data Three different wavelength scales; 50 gu, 100 gu, and 150 gu, of the PPDRC-analyzed gravity images, are demonstrated in Figs. (6a-c), respectively. The gravity features of interest can be followed up from small scale, which reflects shallow depth, to large scales, which reflects great depth. A good example of these features is the two adjacent gravity highs that appear in the extreme northern part of Fig. (6a) are completely disappeared in Fig. (6c, area A). In contrast, the gravity low that appears in the same area in Fig. (6c) is hidden in Fig. (6a). Additionally, lineament interpretation is carried out on the analyses and laid over the pertinent images (green-color lines in Fig. 6). The image of small-scale wavelength; 50 gu, at the shallow depth display more lineaments than large-scale ones i.e. 100 gu and 150 gu, at the great depths indicating increasing density heterogeneity near the ground surface. The heterogeneity is mostly related to nearsurface karst forms as mentioned in the introduction. Most lineaments at wavelength scales of 100 gu and 150 gu are oriented NW–SE and nearly EW directions, however, lineaments at wavelength scale of 50 gu have NW–SE, NS, NE–SW and nearly EW directions. These lineaments are often occurred in the sedimentary cover at shallow-, intermediate- and deep levels. Large-scale and small-scale gravity depressions are more evident in the image of the long-wavelength scale which are respectively assigned as capital and small letters in Fig. (6c).

The results offer the possibility of depending on the long-wavelength scales of the magnetic data in structural divisions of the basement blocks, where good discrimination between different basement blocks/sub-blocks is obtained from such scales. The light blue box, in the southeastern part of the study area in the presented maps, occupies a magnetic-gravity anomaly is used for comparison between different scales and also between gravity and magnetic maps.

The results also show that some gravity lineaments at long-wavelength scales may receive considerable horizontal displacements at short-wavelength scales. In contrast, other lineaments in short scales display curvatures, instead of linear feature, at long wavelength scales. A clear example, for both cases, is the Al-Ma’aniyah Depression at the extreme northwestern part of the map, where its eastern end which is linear in short-wavelength scale Fig. (6a) expresses an obvious curvature and shift towards the east on a large-wavelength scale (Fig. 6c). This could be an evidence of the structural evolution of the depression during geological time. Moreover, small scale images (less than 50 gu, not shown) show near-surface density inhomogeneity that could be related to karst terranes/terrains. Circular features can be delineated in Fig. (7), which mostly appear in all scales with different degrees of clarity (is clearer in wavelength scale 50 grid units), are only seen throughout the gravity images indicating density deficiency features within the basement and sedimentary cover. Another point is that the divisions and the subdivisions, except the magnetic low at the northwest (Fig. 5b and c), of the basement structures, which are suggested from magnetic data, do not appear in the analyzed gravity data. This reveals that the gravity field of the study area is affected by both the sedimentary cover and the basement structures.

Implementation of the PPDRC technique on the magnetic data jointly with the SPI method for calculating depth to basement map (not shown), allows presenting a new structural elements map for the Proterozoic basement of the SD. In addition, the technique help determining lineaments within the sedimentary cover, small- and large- scales features when it is applied to gravity data.

The three major fault systems or structural trends coincide with what Buday (1980) and Jassim (2006) have previously reported about the regional fault systems dissect the postulated basement terranes of Iraq. However, the products of this study are of a local scale that defines the structural framework of the SD, which is represented by the intra-basement basins/sub-basins (grabens) and uplifted regions (horsts) that have been differentially subsided and/or inverted during geologic time. These trends are the NS trend (coincided with Nabitah Fault System Trend), the NW–SE trend (coincided with Najd Shear System Trend), and the EW Transversal Shear System Trend that probably resulted from the tectonic shear stress associated with the opening of Neo-Tethys Ocean during Permian (298.9 Ma ago).

A new structural elements map for the Precambrian and reworked Proterozoic basement of the Iraq Southern Desert is constructed utilizing long wavelength scales images produced by applying the PPDRC approach to magnetic data. The map comprises three blocks separated by magnetic lows. Depth to basement map calculated by SPI technique refers to these magnetic lows representing basement structural lows or grabens. The anomaly pattern in each blocks is differ, which suggests that the blocks have possibly received differential tectonic stresses during the geologic time and their responses were considerably different. A short wavelength image, which supposes to reflect magnetic sources at relatively shallower basement depth, expresses NE-trending lineaments which coincided with inherited zones of weakness within the postulated basement. Results of applying the PPDRC approach to gravity data indicate that the gravity field is affected by both deep- and shallow-seated gravity sources located in basement and the sedimentary cover, respectively. Several large- and small-scale gravity lows, at long wavelength images, separated by ridges or gravity highs are delineated suggesting a possibility of outlining boundaries of sedimentary basins/sub-basins of interest in hydrocarbons exploration in the study area. Short wavelength image, however, displays recognizable density lows in the upper part of the sedimentary cover which is most probably connected with karst form occurrences.

Acknowledgments

We would like to express our thanks to the Iraq Geological Survey (GEOSURV) for its role in providing the necessary data for this study.

Disclosure of Funding

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Competing interests. The author has declared that there are no competing interests.

Abdulrahim, H. and Al-Rahim, A. M., (2019). “Determinations of The Depths to Magnetic Sources Over Al-Ma′Aniyah Depression Area-Southwest Iraq Using The Aeromagnetic Data and Their Tectonic Implication”, Iraqi Journal of Science, 60(1), pp. 91–102. Available at: https://ijs.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/eijs/article/view/597.
Al-Banna A. Sh. and Ali K. K., (2018). The Transition Tectonic Zone Between the Two Parts of the Platform in Iraq: A Review Study. Iraqi Journal of Science, Vol. 59, No.2C, pp: 1086-1092. doi:10.24996/ijs.2018.59.2C.12.
Al-Bahadily, H. A., Long, A. J. and Al-Rahim, A. M., (2022). Tectonic Elements Deduced from Aeromagnetic Data of Iraq Southern Desert. Arabian Journal of Geosciences (in press).
Al-Bahadily, H. A., Long, A. J. and Al-Rahim, A. M., (2022a). Determination of Karst Terrane and Defining Deep Structure by Gravity, Southern Desert, Iraq. Mediterranean Geosciences Union Annual Meeting (MedGU-21), Extended abstract no. 89 (in press).
Al-Bahadily, H. A., Al-Rahim, A. M., and Long, A. J., (2022b). Postulated Precambrian Basement of the Iraq Southern Desert: A new look utilizing magnetic data. Mediterranean Geosciences Union Annual Meeting (MedGU-21), Extended abstract no. 43 (in press).
Al-Kadhimi, J. A. M., Fattah, A. S. and Abbas, M. J., (1984). Unified Bouguer gravity data of Iraq, GEOSURV, Baghdad, Iraq.
Al-Rahim, A. M., and Lima, W. A., (2016). Basin or intrusion, a new method to resolve non-uniqueness in gravity interpretation. Iraqi Journal of Science, 57(1B), 480-491.
Aqrawi, A. A. M. (1998). Paleozoic Stratigraphy and Petroleum Systems of the Western and Southwestern Deserts of Iraq. GeoArabia. 3: 229–248.
Aqrawi, A. A. M., Goff, J. C., Horbury, A. D., Sadooni, F. N., (2010). The petroleum geology of Iraq. Scientific Press, UK, 424P.
Buday, T. and Jassim, S. Z., (1984). Geological map of Iraq 1:1000,000 Scale Series, sheet No. 2, Tectonic Map of Iraq Publication of GEOSURV, Baghdad, Iraq.
C.G.G. (Compagnie General de Geophysique) (1974). Aeromagnetic and Aerospectrometric survey of Iraq. Interpretation report. GEOSURV, int. rep. no. 2642.
Filina, I., Yalamanchili, R., Re, S., Colombo, D., Price, A., Egorov, V. and Liu, G.,(2020). Introduction to special section: Integrated geophysical imaging. Interpretation8: Ssi-Ssv. doi:10.1190/INT-2020-0921.
Fouad, S. F., (2015). Tectonic Map of Iraq, scale 1: 1000 000, 3rd edit., Iraqi Bull. Geol. Min. 11, 1–7.
GEOSURV and GETECH Group plc., (2011). Aeromagnetic and gravity data for Iraq; reprocessing, compilation and databasing the aeromagnetic and gravity data of Iraq. rep. no. G1116.
Granado, C., Muñoz-Martín, A., Olaiz, A. J., Fernández, O. and Druet, M., (2021). 3D crustal-scale structure of the West Iberia margin: a novel approach to integrated structural characterization of passive margins. Mar Geophys Res 42, 10. doi: 0.1007/s11001-021-09432-2.
Jassim, S. Z. “Late Precambrian development of Arabian Plate.” Geology of Iraq. Edited by S. Z. Jassim and J. C. Goff (2006). Dolin, Prague, pp. 27-31.
Jassim, S. Z. and Buday T “Tectonic Framework.” Geology of Iraq. Edited by S Z Jassim and J C Goff (2006). Dolin, Prague, pp. 45-56.
Kovesi, P. (2012). Phase Preserving Tone Mapping of Non-Photographic High Dynamic Range Images. International Conference on Digital Image Computing Techniques and Applications (DICTA), 2012, pp. 1-8. doi: 10.1109/DICTA.2012.6411698.
Lei, K., Fairhead, J. D., Kerrane, T. and Al-Bassam K. S., (2011). Reprocessing of Iraq magnetic and gravity data. International Workshop on Gravity, Electrical and Magnetic Methods and Their Applications, Beijing, China. doi.org/10.1190/1.3659043.
Ma’ala, Kh. A. (2009). Geology of Iraqi Southern Desert: Geomorphology. Iraqi Bull. Geol. Min. Special Issue: p. 7 – 33.
Miller, H. G. and Singh, V., (1994). Potential field tilt a new concept for location of potential field sources. J. Appl. Geophys. 32:213–217.
Mohammed, S. A. G., (2006). Megaseismic section across the northeastern slope of the Arabian Plate, Iraq. GeoArabia, Vol.11, no.4: 77 – 90.
Nabighian, M. N. (1972). The Analytic Signal of Two-Dimensional Magnetic Bodies with Polygonal Cross-Section: Its Properties and Use for Automated Anomaly Interpretation: Geophysics, vol. 37, no. 3, p507-517.
Nabighian, M. N., (1974). Additional Comments on the Analytic Signal of Two-Dimensional Magnetic Bodies with Polygonal Cross-Section: Geophysics, vol. 39, no. 1, p85-92.
Swain, C. J., (2000) Reduction-to-the-pole of magnetic data with variable field direction, and its stabilisation at low inclinations, Exploration Geophysics, 31, 78-83.

No competing interests reported.

Download PDF

Version 1

posted

You are reading this latest preprint version

New Basement Structural Division Map from Analyzing Magnetic Data of Iraq Southern Desert Using Phase Preserving Dynamic Range Compression Technique

Status:

Version 1

Abstract

Figures

1. Introduction

2. Tectonic And Structural Background

3. Potential Data

4. Phase Preserving Dynamic Range Compression: Theoretical Background And Implementation

5. Discussion

6. Conclusions

Declarations

References

Additional Declarations

Supplementary Files

Status:

Version 1