Background: Wheat stripe rust, by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most devastating diseases of the wheat crop, causing significant reductions in both grain yield and grain quality. In recent years, new and more virulent races have overcome many of the known resistance genes in Argentinian germplasm. In order to identify loci conferring resistance to the local races of Pst for effective utilization in future breeding programs, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed using a collection of 245 bread wheat lines genotyped with 90K SNPs.
Results: The panel was evaluated for disease severity (DS) and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) in field trials during two years to search for adult plant resistance (APR) under natural infection conditions, and under greenhouse conditions against two prevalent races in Argentina to determine infection type (IT) and look for seedling or all-stage resistance (ASR). The phenotypic data showed that the panel possessed enough genetic variability for searching for sources of resistance to Pst. Significant correlations between years were observed for Pst response in the field and high heritability values were found for DS (H2 = 0.89) and AUDPC (H2 = 0.93). Based on GWAS, eight markers associated with Pst resistance (FDR < 0.01) were identified: five associated with ASR (on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 3A and 5B) and three with APR (on chromosomes 3B and 7A). These markers explained between 2% and 32.62% of the phenotypic variation. Five of the markers corresponded with previously reported Yrgenes/QTL, while the other three (QYr.Bce.1B.seedling.1, QYr.Bce.3A.seedling and QYr.Bce.3B.APR.2) are probably novel resistance loci.
Conclusion: The detection of high genetic variation for resistance to Argentinian stripe rust races in the germplasm used here constitutes a very promising step towards the improvement of Pst resistance of bread wheat in Argentina. Also, the identification of new resistance loci represents a substantial advance for diversifying the current set of resistance genes and to advance in the improvement of the durable resistance to the disease.