[1] Children’s UN. Aldolescent HIV prevention. http://data unicef/topic/hivaids/adolescents-youth-Accessed on 19/10/2020. Published online 2020.
[2] W. Maternal, Newborn Child and Adolescent Health.
[3] National Department of Health (NDoH), Statistics South Africa (Stats SA), South African Medical Research Council (SAMRC), and ICF. Pretoria, South Africa, and Rockville, Maryland, USA: NDoH, Stats SA, SAMRC and ICF. South Africa Demographic and Health Survey 2016.; 2019.
[4] SAMRC. Evaluation of a South African Combination HIV Prevention Programme for Adolescent Girls and Young Women. 2020;(August):128.
[5] Saul J, Bachman G, Allen S, Toiv NF, Cooney C, Beamon T. The DREAMS core package of interventions: A comprehensive approach to preventing HIV among adolescent girls and young women. PLoS One. 2018;13(12):1-18. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0208167
[6] Lakew Y, Benedict S, Haile D. Social determinants of HIV infection, hotspot areas and subpopulation groups in Ethiopia: evidence from the National Demographic and Health Survey in 2011. BMJ Open. 2015;5(11):e008669. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008669
[7] Chersich MF, Rees H V. Vulnerability of women in southern Africa to infection with HIV: Biological determinants and priority health sector interventions. Aids. 2008;22(SUPPL. 4):27-40. doi:10.1097/01.aids.0000341775.94123.75
[8] Skovdal M, Belton S. The Social Determinants of Health as they relate to children and youth growing up with HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Child Youth Serv Rev. 2014;45(C):1-8. doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.03.024
[9] Underwood C, Skinner J, Osman N, Schwandt H. Structural determinants of adolescent girls’ vulnerability to HIV: Views from community members in Botswana, Malawi, and Mozambique. Soc Sci Med. 2011;73(2):343-350. doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.05.044
[10] Buot MLG, Docena JP, Ratemo BK, Bittner MJ, Burlew JT, Nuritdinov AR, et al. Beyond race and place: Distal sociological determinants of HIV disparities. PLoS One. 2014;9(4). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0091711
[11] Asaolu IO, Gunn JK, Center KE, Koss MP, Iwelunmor JI, Ehiri JE. Predictors of HIV testing among youth in sub-Saharan Africa: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2016;11(10):2354500. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0164052
[12] Ijumba N. Impact of HIV / AIDS on Education and Poverty About the author.
[13] Fotso AS, Banjo O, Akinyemi JO. ARTICLE HIV and adolescents ’ educational attainment in South Africa : Disentangling the effect of infection in children and household members. Published online 2018. doi:10.7196/SAJCH.2018.v12i2.1512
[14] Impact THE, Hiv OF, Girls AON, Globally YW. IWHC THE IMPACT OF HIV AND AIDS ON GIRLS.
[15] SANAC. South Africa’s National Strategic Plan on HIV/Aids, TB and STI’s 2017-2022. South African National AIDS Council. 2017;v.1.
[16] Frescuraid L, Godfrey-Faussett P, Feizzadeh A, El-Sadr W, Syarif O, Ghys PD. Achieving the 95 95 95 targets for all: A pathway to ending AIDS. Published online 2022. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0272405
[17] Programa Conjunto de las Naciones Unidas sobre el VIH/SIDA. An ambitious treatment target to help end the AIDS epidemic. Unaids. Published online 2016:1-40.
[18] Hill LM, Maseko B, Chagomerana M, Hosseinipour MC, Bekker LG, Pettifor A, et al. HIV risk, risk perception, and PrEP interest among adolescent girls and young women in Lilongwe, Malawi: operationalizing the PrEP cascade. J Int AIDS Soc. 2020;23(S3):40-47. doi:10.1002/jia2.25502
[19] Celum CL, Delany-Moretlwe S, McConnell M, Van Rooyen H, Bekker LG, Kurth A, et al. Rethinking HIV prevention to prepare for oral PrEP implementation for young African women. J Int AIDS Soc. 2015;18(Suppl 3):1-10. doi:10.7448/IAS.18.4.20227
[20] PrePWatch SA. A Snapshot of PrEP Scale-up, Registration and Resources for South Africa.; 2021.
[21] South Africa - PrEPWatch. https://www.prepwatch.org/countries/south-africa/. Accessed May 4, 2023
[22] South Africa to begin piloting injectable PrEP in early 2023 | aidsmap. https://www.aidsmap.com/news/nov-2022/south-africa-begin-piloting-injectable-prep-early-2023. Accessed May 4, 2023
[23] Price JT, Rosenberg NE, Vansia D, Phanga T, Bhushan NL, Maseko B, et al. Predictors of HIV, HIV Risk Perception, and HIV Worry Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Lilongwe, Malawi. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2018;77(1):53-63. doi:10.1097/QAI.0000000000001567
[24] Maughan-Brown B, Venkataramani AS. Accuracy and determinants of perceived HIV risk among young women in South Africa. BMC Public Health. 2017;18(1):1-9. doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4593-0
[25] Wilton J, Kain T, Fowler S, Hart TA, Grennan T, Maxwell J, et al. Use of an HIV-risk screening tool to identify optimal candidates for PrEP scale-up among men who have sex with men in Toronto, Canada: Disconnect between objective and subjective HIV risk. J Int AIDS Soc. 2016;19(1):1-10. doi:10.7448/IAS.19.1.20777
[26] Muhumuza R, Ssemata AS, Kakande A, Ahmed N, Atujuna M, Nomvuyo M, et al. Exploring Perceived Barriers and Facilitators of PrEP Uptake among Young People in Uganda, Zimbabwe, and South Africa. Arch Sex Behav. 2021;50(4):1729-1742. doi:10.1007/S10508-020-01880-Y)
[27] Muhumuza R, Ssemata AS, Kakande A, Ahmed N, Atujuna M, Nomvuyo M, et al. Exploring Perceived Barriers and Facilitators of PrEP Uptake among Young People in Uganda, Zimbabwe, and South Africa. Arch Sex Behav. 2021;50(4):1729. doi:10.1007/S10508-020-01880-Y
[28] SAMRC. Evaluation of a South African Combination HIV Prevention Programme for Adolescent Girls and Young Women. 2020;(August):128.
[29] Ranganathan M, Heise L, Pettifor A, Silverwood RJ, Selin A, Macphail C, et al. Transactional sex among young women in rural South Africa: Prevalence, mediators and association with HIV infection. J Int AIDS Soc. 2016;19(1):1-13. doi:10.7448/IAS.19.1.20749
[30] Pettit AC, Bian A, Schember CO, Rebeiro PF, Keruly JC, Mayer KH, et al. Development and Validation of a Multivariable Prediction Model for Missed HIV Health Care Provider Visits in a Large US Clinical Cohort. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2021;8(7):1-9. doi:10.1093/ofid/ofab130
[31] Rosenberg NE, Kudowa E, Price JT, Pettifor A, Bekker LG, Hosseinipour MC, et al. Identifying adolescent girls and young women at high risk for HIV acquisition: A risk assessment tool fromthe girl power-malawi study. Sex Transm Dis. 2020;47(11):760-766. doi:10.1097/OLQ.0000000000001242
[32] Pasteur L, Koch R. 1. Introduction 1. Introduction. 1941;74(1934):535-546.
[33] Mutai CK, McSharry PE, Ngaruye I, Musabanganji E. Use of machine learning techniques to identify HIV predictors for screening in sub-Saharan Africa. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2021;21(1):1-11. doi:10.1186/S12874-021-01346-2/TABLES/3
[34] Jia KM, Eilerts H, Edun O, Lam K, Howes A, Thomas ML, et al. Risk scores for predicting HIV incidence among adult heterosexual populations in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Int AIDS Soc. 2022;25(1):e25861. doi:10.1002/JIA2.25861
[35] Su TL, Jaki TF, Hickey G, Buchan I, Sperrin M. A review of statistical updating methods for clinical prediction models Authors: Su, Ting-Li; Jaki, Thomas; Hickey, Graeme L; Buchan, Iain; Sperrin, Matthew. Stat Methods Med Res. Published online 2015:1-38.
[36] Jenkins DA, Martin GP, Sperrin M, Riley RD, Debray TPA, Collins GS, et al. Continual updating and monitoring of clinical prediction models: time for dynamic prediction systems? Diagn Progn Res. 2021;5(1):1-7. doi:10.1186/s41512-020-00090-3
[37] Haukoos JS, Lyons MS, Lindsell CJ, Hopkins E, Bender B, Rothman RE, et al. Derivation and validation of the Denver Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) risk score for targeted HIV screening. Am J Epidemiol. 2012;175(8):838-846. doi:10.1093/aje/kwr389
[38] Mathur S, Pilgrim N, Patel SK, Okal J, Mwapasa V, Chipeta E, et al. HIV vulnerability among adolescent girls and young women: a multi-country latent class analysis approach. Int J Public Health. 2020;65(4):399-411. doi:10.1007/s00038-020-01350-1
[39] Id HH, Yang F, Id SM, Mbita G, Bangser M, Rucinski K, et al. PLOS ONE Characterizing a sexual health and HIV risk stratification scale for sexually active adolescent girls and young women ( AGYW ) in Tanzania. Published online 2021:1-15. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0248153
[40] Luo Q, Huang X, Li L, Ding Y, Mi G, Scott SR, et al. External validation of a prediction tool to estimate the risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection amongst men who have sex with men. Medicine (United States). 2019;98(29):1-7. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000016375