1. Patient Characteristics
A total of 149 patients ( 68 males and 81 females ) were included in this study. The ages ranged from 1–89 years old ( Table 1 ). The age of patients in main pattern of lesion respectively were 48 ± 15.3 years old for pGGO, 51 ± 15.0 years old for GGO with reticulation, 49 ± 15.3 years old for GGO with consolidation, 51 ± 16.5 years old for Consolidation ( Table 1 ). The most common symptoms were fever ( 81.9% ) and cough ( 55.7% ) ( Table 1 ). A total of 338 lung CT scans were performed on all selected patients. Each patient underwent an average of 2 ± 1 CT scans ( range: 1–4 ) with an average interval of 4 days ( range: 1–16 days ). The number of patients in each timepoints respectively were 45 ( 30.2% ), 78 ( 52.3% ), 74 ( 50.0% ), 53 ( 35.6% ) ( Table 1 ) .
Table 1
Gender | |
Male | 68(45.6%) |
Female | 81(54.4%) |
Age (years) | |
Range | 1–89 |
The Age of Patients in Main Pattern of Lesion(years) | |
Pure GGO | 48 ± 15.3 |
GGO with reticulation | 51 ± 15.0 |
GGO with consolidation | 49 ± 15.3 |
Consolidation | 51 ± 16.5 |
Exposure History | |
Recent Travel to Wuhan OR Exposure to Infected Patient | 136(91.3%) |
Unknown Exposure | 13(8.7%) |
Symptoms | |
Fever | 122(81.9%) |
Cough | 83(55.7%) |
Myalgia or Fatigue | 49(32.9%) |
Phlegm | 35(23.5%) |
Headache | 23(15.4%) |
Pharyngalgia | 20(13.4) |
Diarrhoea | 9(6.0%) |
The Number of Patients in Each Timepoints | |
Within 4 days | 45(30.2%) |
5–8 days | 78(52.3%) |
9–12 days | 74(50.0%) |
13–16 days | 53(35.6%) |
2. Imaging Characteristics Of Chest CT
In the chest CT data collected within 4 days of onset group, the number of lesions in the S10 segment of the lungs and the S6 segment of left lung was the largest. The main imaging features included 30 ( 20.13% ) cases of pure ground glass opacities. The statistical results show that there was a statistical difference with the 5–8 days group ( P < 0.05 ). 38 ( 25.50% ) cases of GGO with reticulation showed statistical differences with the 9–12 days group ( P ༜ 0.01 ). 46 ( 30.87% ) cases of GGO with consolidation and 12 (8.05%) cases of consolidation. The statistical results showed statistically significant differences from the 9–12 days group and the 13–16 days group ( P < 0.01 ). There were 28 ( 18.79% ) cases of air bronchogram and 13 (8.72%) cases of subpleural line. Other secondary signs included bronchiectasis in 8 ( 5.37% ) cases, pleural effusion in 8 ( 5.37% ) cases, lymphadenopathy in 2 ( 1.34% ) cases, and no pericardial effusion or cavities ( Table 2–3 ) .
Table 2
Longitudinal dynamic chest CT imaging feature Changes in Patients with Coronavirus 2019-nCoV Pneumonia,No. of segments (%)
| | | No. of Segments (%) Disease onset to CT within first 4 Days | No. of Segments at 5–8 Days | No. of Segments at 9–12 Days | No. of Segments at 13–16 Days |
Left | Upper | S1 + S2 | 30(6.5%) | 53(6.1%) | 65(6.3%) | 40(5.5%) |
S3 | 18(3.9%) | 30(3.4%) | 35(3.4%) | 20(2.8%) |
S4 | 21(4.5%) | 40(4.5%) | 50(4.8%) | 33(4.6%) |
S5 | 21(4.5%) | 45(5.1%) | 56(5.4%) | 34(4.7%) |
Lower | S6 | 34(7.3%) | 58(6.6%) | 65(6.3%) | 48(6.6%) |
S7 + S8 | 27(5.8%) | 45(5.1%) | 53(5.1%) | 36(5.0%) |
S9 | 23(4.9%) | 51(5.8%) | 68(6.6%) | 46(6.3%) |
S10 | 36(7.7%) | 62(7.0%) | 71(6.9%) | 51(7.0%) |
Right | Upper | S1 | 23(4.9%) | 42(4.8%) | 47(4.5%) | 39(5.3%) |
S2 | 29(6.2%) | 52(5.9%) | 58(5.6%) | 45(6.2%) |
S3 | 20(4.3%) | 36(4.1%) | 43(4.2%) | 29(4.0%) |
Middle | S4 | 22(4.7%) | 48(5.5%) | 54(5.2%) | 44(6.1%) |
S5 | 27(5.8%) | 49(5.6%) | 47(4.5%) | 40(5.5%) |
Lower | S6 | 27(5.8%) | 61(7.0%) | 71(6.9%) | 48(6.6%) |
S7 | 18(3.8%) | 39(4.5%) | 51(4.9%) | 41(5.7%) |
S8 | 22(4.7%) | 39(4.5%) | 53(5.1%) | 35(4.8%) |
S9 | 32(6.9%) | 55(6.3%) | 65(6.3%) | 46(6.3%) |
S10 | 34(7.3%) | 69(7.9%) | 81(7.8%) | 50(6.9%) |
the Number of Segments at Presentation and at Evolution |
Presentation | 1970(63.5%) |
Evolution | 1134(36.5%) |
Table 3
Longitudinal dynamic chest CT imaging feature Changes in Patients with Coronavirus 2019-nCoV Pneumonia,No. of patients (%)
| Disease onset to CT Features at first 4 Days | Features at 5–8 Days | Features at 9–12 Days | Features at 13–16 Days |
Opacification | | | | |
Normal | 3(2.0%) | 2(1.3%) | 0(0.0%) | 2(1.3%) |
Pure GGO | 30(20.1%) | 71(47.7%) | 49(32.9%) | 34(22.8%) |
GGO with reticulation | 38(25.5%) | 69(46.3%) | 85(57.0%) | 48(32.2%) |
GGO with consolidation | 46(30.9%) | 78(52.4%) | 81(54.4%) | 53(35.6%) |
Consolidation | 12(8.1%) | 34(22.8%) | 41(27.5%) | 34(22.8%) |
Air bronchogram | 28(18.8%) | 57(38.3%) | 54(36.2%) | 29(19.5%) |
subpleural line | 13(8.7%) | 27(18.1%) | 29(19.5%) | 22(14.8%) |
Other Feature | | | | |
Bronchiectasis | 8(5.4%) | 19(12.8%) | 21(14.1%) | 18(12.1%) |
Pleural effusion | 8(5.4%) | 9(6.0%) | 12(8.1%) | 7(4.7%) |
pericardial effusion | 0(0.00%) | 3(2.0%) | 1(0.7%) | 1(0.7%) |
lymphadenopathy | 2(1.3%) | 3(2.0%) | 4(2.7%) | 1(0.7%) |
Cavity | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) | 0(0.0%) |
In the group of 5–8 days after onset, the number of lesions in the S10 segment of the lungs and S6 segment of the right lung was the largest. The main imaging features included 71 ( 47.65% ) cases of pGGO ( P < 0.05 ), 69 ( 46.31% ) cases of GGO with reticulation ( P < 0.01 ), 78 ( 52.35% ) cases GGO with consolidation, 34 (22.82%) cases of consolidation, 57 (38.26%) cases of air bronchogram, 27 ( 18.12% ) cases of subpleural line. Other secondary signs included bronchiectasis in 19 ( 12.75% ) cases, pleural effusion in 9 ( 6.04% ) cases, lymphadenopathy in 3 ( 2.01% ) cases, pericardial effusion in 3 ( 2.01% ) cases, and no cavities ( Table 2–3 ) .
In the 9–12 days group, the number of lesions in the S10 segment of the lungs and S6 segment of the right lung was the largest. The main imaging features included 49 ( 32.89% ) cases of pGGO. There were 85 (57.04%) cases of GGO with reticulation, and the statistical results showed that they were statistically different from the other three groups ( P < 0.01 ). 81 ( 54.36% ) cases of GGO with consolidation, and 41 ( 27.52% ) cases of consolidation ( P < 0.01 ), 54 ( 36.24% ) cases of air bronchogram, 29 (19.46%) cases of subpleural line. Other secondary signs included 21 ( 14.09% ) cases of bronchiectasis, 12 (8.05%) cases of pleural effusion, 8 ( 5.37% ) cases of lymphadenopathy, 1 ( 0.67% ) case of pericardial effusion, and no cavities ( Table 2–3 ) .
In the group of 13–16 days after onset, the number of lesions in the S10 segment of the lungs and the right lower lobe of S6 segment was the largest. The main imaging features included 34 ( 22.82% ) cases of pGGO, and 48 ( 32.21% ) cases of GGO with reticulation ( P < 0.01 ), 53 ( 53.57% ) cases of GGO with consolidation, 34 ( 22.82% ) cases of consolidations ( P < 0.01 ), and 29 ( 19.46% ) cases of air bronchogram, 22 ( 14.77% ) cases of subpleural line. Other secondary signs included bronchiectasis in 18 ( 12.08% ) cases, pleural effusion in 7 ( 4.70% ) cases, lymphadenopathy in 1 ( 0.67% ) case, pericardial effusion in 1 ( 0.67% ) case, and no cavities ( Table 2–3 ) .
In our case, a total of 4 patients had no manifestations of chest CT at the first examination. One patient had pGGO on chest CT on the 5th day of admission and the other three patients had no change in chest CT during the stay in hospital. In addition, we also calculated the time from the patient's symptoms to the first manifestation of chest CT imaging, 31 ( 21.2% ) cases of which were 0 days, 50 ( 34.3% ) were 1–4 days, 59 ( 40.4% ) were 5–8 days, 4 ( 2.7% ) were 9–12 days and 2 ( 1.4% ) cases were 13–16 days ( Table 4 ). The total number of lung segments in the course of presentation was 1970 (63.5%), and the evolution was 1134 (36.5%).
Table 4
Days during the onset and initial imaging findings,No. of patients (%)
Days during the onset and initial imaging findings | No. of patients |
0 days | 31 ( 21.2% ) |
1–4 days | 50 ( 34.3% ) |
5–8 days | 59 ( 40.4% ) |
9–12 days | 4 ( 2.7% ) |
13–16 days | 2 ( 1.4% ) |