Disseminating the IKT Guiding Principles: What did we do? Where did we go? What do we do and where do we go next?

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2126390/v1

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Disseminating the IKT Guiding Principles: What did we do? Where did we go? What do we do and where do we go next?

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2126390/v1

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published 11 Jul, 2023

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Introduction

Knowledge mobilization, specifically dissemination, and research partnerships are helpful for ensuring research is translated to practice. However, empirical data reporting on the processes and outcomes of a partnership approach to dissemination are limited. Sharing and promoting the Integrated Knowledge Translation (IKT) Guiding Principles for conducting and disseminating spinal cord injury research in partnership provide an ideal opportunity to demonstrate the processes and outcomes of a partnership approach to dissemination.

Methods

The dissemination process of the IKT Guiding Principles included four iterative phases: 1) planning dissemination, 2) conducting dissemination; 3) evaluating dissemination, and 4) reflecting on dissemination. Dissemination activities and outcomes were tracked using 5 sources: a partnership tracking survey, a partnership curriculum vitae, Google Analytics, team emails, and a citation-forward search. Important outcomes tracked were exposure, engagement, and citations. Exposure and engagement to the IKT Guiding Principles were defined as the number of times and/or locations the IKT Guiding Principles were accessed and/or downloaded.

Results

The IKT Guiding Principles Partnership planned dissemination of the guiding principles from the beginning of the project. Dissemination activities formally commenced with a variety of approaches including direct emails, social media posts, a webinar, academic and community presentations, journal publications. Within the first 20 months of publication, the guiding principles were viewed 3058 times, accessed in 31 different countries (exposure), downloaded 282 times (engagement), and cited 30 times.

Conclusion

This project provides an overview of metrics and methodology that can be used to monitor and evaluate the processes and outcomes of an IKT approach to dissemination. Overall, a co-production approach may be helpful for disseminating research findings; however, more research is needed to understand the impact of an IKT approach on the dissemination and implementation of research findings.

knowledge mobilization

research co-creation

integrated knowledge translation

research partnership

implementation science

dissemination

Often, research findings do not get to those who could benefit from the findings. Two ways to help move research into practice more efficiently are to: (1) work in partnership with people who may benefit from the research findings most, and (2) share and communicate the findings of research beyond scientists. However, little is known about how to work in partnership while sharing the results of a research study. Therefore, this project demonstrates how a research partnership can maintain their co-creation approach while promoting the results of their research project. Methods and results from this work provide metrics and methodology that can be used to monitor and evaluate a partnership approach to sharing and promoting research findings. Overall, working in partnership while sharing research findings may further help to ensure the research results are shared with those who could benefit from those findings.

Delays or failures in translating research findings into practice or policies have been reported in research domains such as education (1), psychology (2), and health (3–5). Without translating findings to practice, research becomes inaccessible to people who can benefit from them (i.e., research users). Moreover, the absence of translation wastes time, funds, and resources to do research (6, 7). Multiple knowledge mobilization (KM) activities exist to improve the translation of research findings into practice (3). KM¹ aims to make research accessible and useful to research users and includes activities related to knowledge synthesis, dissemination, exchange, and application of research (9, 10).

An example of a research exchange or co-creation approach is integrated knowledge translation (IKT), which can be defined as “the meaningful engagement of the right research user at the right time throughout the research process” (11, 12). IKT recognizes both researchers and research users as experts and emphasises the use of research findings in practice (13). While IKT is broadly accepted as a research co-creation approach to address the research-practice gap, the science of IKT is still in its infancy (12, 14). Research agendas include calls for studies that report on the processes and outcomes of an IKT approach to understand if, why, and how IKT has impact on research use (14, 15).

To advance the metascience of research co-creation, we need to study a partnered approach to all aspects of KM. Although an IKT approach can be used to address all four aspects of KM, dissemination is the phase of research that targets communication or sharing of research findings to research users (16) and is often overlooked (17). There is a need for empirical data about how (i.e., process and outcomes) an IKT approach can be applied to dissemination of research to identify best practices for reducing the research-practice gap.

The IKT Guiding Principles for conducting and disseminating spinal cord injury (SCI) research in partnership were created (18) to help address the research-practice gap and support research co-creation between researchers and research users (14). The Guiding Principles were co-created by a multidisciplinary group of researchers, research users, and funders using a systematic and rigorous approach (18). The IKT Guiding Principles partnership aim to transform the SCI research system (includes funders, researchers, and research users) by supporting meaningful engagement (18, 19). However, the IKT Guiding Principles will only be helpful if they are disseminated to support their adoption and implementation (18).

Sharing and promoting the IKT Guiding Principles provide an ideal opportunity to describe the process and outcomes of an IKT approach to dissemination. Therefore, this project aimed to: (1) report on the processes (i.e., planning and conducting) used by the IKT Guiding Principles Partnership to disseminate the principles to researchers, research users, and funders; and (2) report on the outcomes (i.e., evaluation and reflection) from those dissemination efforts. Questions guiding this work include: (1) What did we do? (2) Where did we go? and (3) What do we do and where do we go next? Findings from this work will inform future work related to disseminating the IKT Guiding Principles and provide a roadmap for other partnerships who are disseminating research that aims to transform research systems in partnership.

¹ Knowledge Translation (KT) and knowledge mobilization (KM) are often used interchangeably in the literature (8). This paper will use the term KM in reference to work done to close the knowledge practice gap.

The overarching paradigm guiding this project is pragmatism (20, 21). Pragmatism has the primary aim of using findings to solve practical ‘real-world’ problems (20, 21). This work aimed to advance the science of co-creation by demonstrating IKT at the dissemination phase of research. By reporting on the processes and outcomes, our findings may help other researchers who aim to disseminate their work using a co-creation approach.

Project Context And Approach

The IKT Guiding Principles Partnership includes 14 researchers and 13 research users affiliated with 16 different community and/or research organizations/universities, who all have multiple roles in the SCI research system. Further information about the development of the IKT Guiding Principles and the partnership can be found elsewhere (18). The partnership established a governance structure to clarify members’ roles and decision-making processes. A KM Team was established to support the dissemination of the principles. Members of the KM team were strategically selected to include leaders with experience in SCI research, KM, implementation science, graphic design, community advocacy, and public policy. This project followed an IKT approach by following the eight IKT Guiding Principles. Table 1 provides a summary of the strategies used to align with an IKT approach and follow the IKT Guiding Principles while disseminating the guiding principles.

Table 1

Strategies of our IKT approach that enacted the IKT Guiding Principles
IKT Strategies Used	Targeted IKT Guiding Principles*
Allowed partners to have flexible work hours and meeting times	1 – Develop and maintain relationships. 7 – Address ethical considerations. 8 – Respect the practical considerations.
Allowed flexibility for meeting availability by recording all discussions	1 – Develop and maintain relationships. 7 – Address ethical considerations. 8 – Respect the practical considerations.
Partners were compensated for their time (in kind or cash).	4 – Value diverse expertise and knowledge. 6 – Meaningfully benefit. 7 – Address ethical considerations. 8 – Respect the practical considerations.
Partners engaged in identifying and prioritizing relevant dissemination goals, key messages, and processes	2 – Share in decision-making. 4 – Value diverse expertise and knowledge. 5 – Flexible in tailoring research approach.
Partners engaged in dissemination activities (e.g., webinars, sending emails, posting on social media) to the extent they desired	2 – Share in decision-making. 4 – Value diverse expertise and knowledge. 7 – Address ethical considerations. 8 – Respect the practical considerations.
Partners engaged in developing and authoring dissemination outputs	2 – Share in decision-making. 4 – Value diverse expertise and knowledge. 6 – Meaningfully benefit. 7 – Address ethical considerations. 8 – Respect the practical considerations.
Partners engaged in establishing the future dissemination priorities	2 – Share in decision-making. 4 – Value diverse expertise and knowledge. 5 – Flexible in tailoring research approach.
Communication with partnership about dissemination occurred as frequently as requested by the partnership (i.e., bimonthly emails or when deadlines were near, quarterly meetings)	3 – Open communication. 4 – Value diverse expertise and knowledge.
Gathered information from partners about their thoughts on all processes, decisions, and next steps via different methods (e.g., interviews, surveys, group meetings)	2 – Share in decision-making. 5 – Flexible in tailoring research approach.
Note. *Full principles: 1 – Partners develop and maintain relationships based on trust, respect, dignity, and transparency; 2 – Partners share in decision-making; 3 – Partners foster open, honest, and responsive communication; 4 – Partners recognize, value, and share their diverse expertise and knowledge; 5 – Partners are flexible and receptive in tailoring the research approach to match the aims and context of the project; 6 – Partners can meaningfully benefit by participating in the partnership; 7 – Partners address ethical considerations; 8 – Partners respect the practical considerations and financial constraints of all partners.

Project Procedures

The dissemination process of the IKT Guiding Principles included four iterative phases: 1) planning dissemination, 2) conducting dissemination, 3) evaluating dissemination, and 4) reflecting on dissemination. The first two phases guided the reporting of the dissemination processes, and the last two phases guided the reporting of the dissemination outcomes. An overview of the operationalized terms, phases of dissemination, and related data sources are presented in Table 2.

Table 2

Dissemination Phases and Related Data Sources
Study Aim	Dissemination Phase	Description	Data Source
Process Reporting	Planning	Activities done by the IKT Guiding Principles Partnership to prepare to disseminate the IKT Guiding Principles across the SCI Research System and beyond.	• Monitoring Activities
Process Reporting	Conducting	Activities done by the IKT Guiding Principles Partnership to actively disseminate the IKT Guiding Principles across the SCI Research System.	• Partnership Tracking Survey • Partnership CV • Team Emails
Outcome Reporting	Evaluating	Activities done to study and understand the outcomes (e.g., engagement, exposure) from passive and active dissemination processes.	• Partnership Tracking Survey • Google Analytics • Citation Forward Search
Outcome Reporting	Reflecting	Activities done to consider the outcomes from dissemination processes to help prepare for future dissemination.	• Team Emails • Survey and Interviews

Phase 1 (Process): Planning Dissemination

The IKT Guiding Principles Partnership met in-person and virtually, and consistently communicated over email to plan dissemination activities (e.g., branding, activities, timeline) and how to evaluate the process and outcomes. From the formal start of the project (i.e., in 2017), the partnership discussed their dissemination goals for the IKT Guiding Principles (i.e., SCI researchers, research users, and funder know about the IKT Guiding Principles) and what activities may help achieve those goals. Prior to the launch of the IKT Guiding Principles, the partnership also discussed potential challenges for disseminating and implementing the IKT Guiding Principles within the North American SCI Research System (18). For example, the principles were published in October of 2020, the height of the COVID-19 pandemic and while the PI was on maternity leave. The partnership needed to plan dissemination activities that aligned with restrictions and lockdowns due to the pandemic and the practicalities of team members’ personal and organizational needs.

Data Source: Monitoring Activities. All planning meetings, emails, and decisions were tracked through monitoring activities which included Zoom recordings, meeting minutes, saved emails, and calendar invites.

Phase 2 (Process): Conducting Dissemination

Dissemination of the IKT Guiding Principles across the North American SCI Research System began October 8th, 2020. Partnership dissemination processes were monitored through 3 data sources: (1) Partnership tracking survey, (2) Partnership CV, and (3) Team Emails.

Data Source: Partnership Tracking Survey. A tracking survey was sent out four times (i.e., quarterly) to the entire IKT Guiding Principles partnership. The survey asked for details about all dissemination activities related to the IKT Guiding Principles such as type, dates, numbers (e.g., emails, papers), target audiences (e.g., people, organizations). Refer to OSF for the full survey.

Data Source: Partnership CV. A CV documenting all dissemination activities also helped to identify dissemination activities. Findings collected from all four tracking surveys were used to put together to create the CV to help team members identify any missing activities.

Data Source: Team Emails. The lead researcher of the IKT Guiding Principles partnership sent emails about dissemination activities (e.g., presentations, publications). These emails aimed to elicit feedback on any missing information.

Phase 3 (Outcome): Evaluating Dissemination Activities

The IKT Guiding Principles partnership wanted to capture information about exposure, engagement, and citations of the IKT Guiding Principles. Outcomes were monitored through 3 data sources: (1) Partnership tracking survey, (2) Google Analytics, and (3) Citation forward search.

Data Source: Partnership Tracking Survey. A tracking survey was sent out four times (i.e., quarterly) to the entire IKT Guiding Principles partnership. To understand engagement, the survey asked for details about all responses to dissemination activities related to the IKT Guiding Principles from research users.

Data Source: Google Analytics. Google Analytics for the IKT Guiding Principles website (www.IKTprinciples.com) tracked exposure and engagement. Exposure is conceptualized as the number of new visitors to the website and engagement is the number of downloads of the IKT Guiding Principles PDF document from new website visitors.

Data Source: Citation Forward Search. A citation forward search (i.e., identifying articles that cite original work after it has been published) was conducted with Google Scholar and through the Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Journal. All peer-reviewed manuscripts and grey literature that cited the IKT Guiding Principles after their initial publication (i.e., October 28th, 2020) through July 28th, 2022, were identified.

Phase 4 (Outcome): Reflecting on Dissemination Process

The IKT Guiding Principles Partnership frequently reflected on the dissemination processes and outcomes. Information about partners’ reflections were collected through two data sources: (1) team emails, and (2) survey and interviews

Data Source: Team Emails. The lead researcher of the IKT Guiding Principles partnership sent emails about dissemination activities (e.g., presentations), achievements (e.g., publications, awareness numbers), and challenges (e.g., tracking response rates). These emails aimed to elicit feedback on what to do moving forward (e.g., adjustments or additions to dissemination activities).

Data Source: Survey and Interviews. One year after the official launch of the IKT Guiding Principles (February 8th, 2022), the entire partnership was asked to complete a survey and/or take part in an interview to understand their thoughts on the KM work that had been completed and next steps. All team members were asked: 1) What KM activities need to be prioritized? 2) Moving forward, what should our partnership do differently? and 3) Do you have any other thoughts that would guide our strategic vision moving forward? Based on meetings with the entire partnership, focus groups, and partnership feedback surveys and interviews, the IKT Guiding Principles partnership put together a strategic plan for dissemination of the principles.

Project Aim 1: Report on Dissemination Processes

All process data (i.e., monitoring activities, partnership tracking survey, partnership CV, and team emails) have been combined to illustrate dissemination of the IKT Guiding Principles. This information presented in Fig. 1 provides a visual overview of everything the IKT Guiding Principles partnership did to disseminate the IKT Guiding Principles from October 2020 through July 2022.

Phase 1: Planning Dissemination

From September 2020 to July 2022, the partnership met in-person and virtually, and consistently communicated over email to plan dissemination activities (e.g., branding, activities, timeline) and how to evaluate processes and outcomes. During that time, there were 6 whole partnership meetings to make decisions about next steps, and 13 whole partnership emails that communicated project updates and plans for next steps.

The IKT Guiding Principles manuscript was published by the Journal of Archives and Physical Medicine and available online October 28th, 2020, initially tweeted about by the IKT Guiding Principles partnership on November 9th, 2020, and then officially promoted on February 8th, 2021. To ensure initial dissemination tools were prepared, the partnership decided to start with a “soft” launch of the principles from November 2020 through February 2021 while the paper was in-press and available online. The soft launch included a tweet about the publication by the journal and some members of the partnership; however, the partnership did not do any additional effort to disseminate the IKT Guiding Principles. Once the website and initial KM documents (e.g., bilingual Principles 1-pager) were ready, a formal launch (i.e., a planned week with specific promotion activities each day) took place February 8th, 2021 and involved coordinated efforts from the IKT Guiding Principles partnership (e.g., webinar, personal emails).

Phase 2: Conducting Dissemination

To have impact across the entire SCI research system (i.e., researchers, research users, and funders) the partnership decided that dissemination of the principles needed to go beyond scientific articles and academic conferences. KM dissemination activities needed to include the creation of bilingual tools, resources, and interventions that address barriers and support each potential user (e.g., researchers, research users, and funders) to use the IKT Guiding Principles.

The formal launch included social media posts (e.g., Twitter), an informational webinar, academic publications, conference abstracts and presentations, blog posts, podcasts, community presentations, direct emails, project website, and an informational YouTube video. The website was the main dissemination tool because it allowed for continual additions of content. All KM efforts aimed to send research users to the website where a hub of all KM tools and resources are located.

Project Aim 2: Report On Dissemination Outcomes

Exposure, engagement, and citation information was consolidated to demonstrate the influence of an IKT approach on dissemination outcomes. This information is presented in Fig. 2.

Phase 3: Evaluating Dissemination Activities

The IKT Guiding Principles were looked at by 3058 new people (i.e., new users of the IKT Guiding Principles website), downloaded 282 times, and accessed in 31 different countries within the first year and a half of publication. Exposure, engagement, and location numbers can be found in supplementary file 1. Figure 3 presents a map of the world highlighting the locations of people exposed to the IKT Guiding Principles from November 9th, 2020, through July 7th, 2022.

The Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation identified 18 peer-reviewed research articles that cited the IKT Guiding Principles from October 28th, 2020 through July 28th, 2022. Google Scholar identified those 18 peer-reviewed research articles as well as 12 other sources that included project websites, OSF links, conference abstracts, and trainee theses. Within the first 20 months after publication of the IKT Guiding Principles, the principles were cited 30 times. Citing of the guiding principles is defined as researchers, research users, and funders that reference the IKT Guiding Principles in published work (n = 24 citations included members of the IKT Guiding Principles partnership).

Phase 4: Reflecting on Dissemination Process

The IKT Guiding Principles partnership identified four areas of focus for future dissemination activities: 1) tools and resources (e.g., reporting checklists), 2) communication and dissemination (e.g., community presentations), 3) training and mentorship (e.g., educational videos), and 4) advocacy and policy change (e.g., changes to organization practices). The identified next steps align with previous work related to SCI partnership research (18, 22) and IKT research broadly (14, 15).

This paper reports on the processes and outcomes of using an IKT approach during the dissemination phase of research. Insights from this project provide guidance for advancing the science of IKT by (1) demonstrating what IKT looks like at the dissemination stage of research; and (2) identifying next steps for disseminating the IKT Guiding Principles, which aim to transform the SCI research system through partnership.

The largest increase in exposure to, and engagement with the IKT Guiding Principles happened during the official launch which involved planned and unique dissemination activities every day of the week (e.g., Tweets, emails, website launch). Findings from comparing the “soft” launch to the “official” launch support the call for researchers and funders to recognize their role beyond publishing scientific research findings. Researchers need to maintain engagement with the project after the paper is published, and funding organizations need to provide opportunities for funding co-creation KM efforts during dissemination.

While it is important to acknowledge the call for continued buy-in from the research system beyond research creation into dissemination, it is also important to be cognisant of what is realistic. Although using a different dissemination activity every day may be helpful for disseminating findings to more people, it is not feasible long term. Many researchers, research users, and funders have other job responsibilities or priorities and cannot maintain this level of dissemination effort. There is also a call for capacity-building within the research system to help foster consistent dissemination of research findings. Capacity may include time, money, and designated dissemination roles.

Implications For Others

Results from this project align with other literature that discusses a co-production approach to dissemination of research (17). Findings from this project and other literature (17) have been consolidated and presented as guidance for others planning to work in partnership during the dissemination phase of research. Table 3 provides an overview of that guidance.

Table 3

Guidance for Conducting Dissemination in Partnership
Dissemination Process Phase	Important Activities
Planning	• Think about dissemination form the start of a research project. Consider: o Processes (i.e., dissemination strategies/activities) o Outcomes (i.e., important indicators, evaluation approach) o Key messages o Target Audience o Partner roles (e.g., KM team) o Timelines o Available resources (e.g., expertise, funding)
Conducting	• Engage in activities that go beyond the traditional research system (i.e., more than just academic conference presentations and journal manuscripts)
Evaluating	• Avoid overburdening partners with too many tracking activities • Adjust approach if necessary • Document all collected data and any gaps in data collection
Reflecting	• Start as soon as you begin conducting dissemination • Provide partners with both process and outcome information • Ask for reflections through open-ended questions

Suggestions for Future Research

While this work provides helpful information for advancing the science of IKT, more work is needed to understand how to best engage in and evaluate an IKT approach. Overall, we do not have data to test if an IKT approach to dissemination is more effective than an unpartnered approach to dissemination. More time-monitoring and evaluation of the dissemination of processes and outcomes of the IKT Guiding Principles partnership is needed. Studies that are designed to compare an IKT approach to an unpartnered approach to dissemination are also needed to understand the effectiveness of IKT during dissemination of research. Further, whether an IKT approach, or other co-creation approaches (17) to dissemination leads to actual adoption, implementation, and transformation of the SCI Research System is yet to be known. Longitudinal multiple case studies about how groups are using the principles will be needed to answer these questions.

Further, while doing dissemination in partnership is difficult, studying partnered dissemination is also challenging and requires more work to understand how to monitor processes and evaluate outcomes. Eliciting responses from the IKT Guiding Principles partnership, who was motivated to do this work, was difficult and emphasizes the need for more work to understand how to feasibly study partnerships while avoiding burden on partners. Further, academic and research systems need to recognize the importance of continued collaboration after the scientific paper is published (i.e., KM dissemination) for research findings to be impactful. With more support from the research system, research partnerships may be more inclined to continue efforts beyond research discovery through to dissemination and implementation.

Contribution And Limitations

A major contribution of this paper is the example demonstrated of how to do IKT during the dissemination stage of a research project and how to report the processes and outcomes. Importantly, this project provides metrics and methodology for understanding processes and outcomes of an IKT approach to dissemination. There are also two limitations of this work that are acknowledged below. The first limitation is the gaps in the exposure and engagement numbers. Google analytics is an imperfect platform for identifying unique individuals as you cannot distinguish a person from an IP address. If the same person accessed the IKT Guiding Principles website or PDF document from two different IP addresses, then that person was counted as two different individuals. Conversely, if multiple people used the same computer (e.g., library, lab, etc.), they have all been considered the same person. Therefore, the exposure and engagement numbers are not exact as overestimation and underestimation are likely. Further, we do not know who these people are and therefore do not know if we are reaching researchers, research users, and/or funders. Second, the partnership tracking survey elicited 12 responses from 9 different members of the IKT Guiding Principles partnership and one partner responded to the partnership CV with feedback. Limited responses suggest some partners may not have engaged in dissemination activities or do not have thoughts on current progress and next steps. There is a need for work that builds capacity for researchers, research users, and funders to prioritize the work involved in engaging in and evaluating dissemination to more effectively close the research to practice gap.

An IKT approach to dissemination may be helpful for ensuring research findings are shared with those who may benefit from research findings. This project provides possible metrics and methodology for monitoring and evaluating processes and outcomes of an IKT approach to dissemination. However, more work is needed to better understand how to work in partnership during dissemination how to evaluate the effectiveness of those processes and outcomes. Increased capacity across the research system (e.g., funding, time) is needed to support research partnerships to maintain engagement after research findings are produced to ensure translation into practice.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Availability of Data and Materials

The datasets supporting the conclusions of this article are available on OSF: https://osf.io/xc7j9.

Competing Interests

No authors have competing interests as defined by BMC, or other interests that might eb perceived to influence the results and/or discussion reporting in this paper.

Funding

This work is supported in part by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada [no. 890-2018-0044] and a Michael Smith Health Research BC Scholar Award [no. 16910].

Author Contributions

All authors were part of study conception and design, and interpretation of results. AS and HG were part of data collection and draft manuscript preparation. FH was part of draft manuscript preparation. DB was part of data collection. All authors reviewed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank members of the IKT Guiding Principles Partnership for their contributions and review of this work. We would like to respectfully acknowledge that we work and live on the traditional territories of many indigenous nations including the Syilx Okanagan Nation; Musqueam, Squamish, and Tsleil-Waututh; Treaty 6 Territory and the Homeland of the Métis; and the Anishinaabeg, Cree, Oji-Cree, Dakota and Dene peoples, and on the homeland of the Métis Nation; and Mississaugas of the Credit, the Anishnabeg, the Chippewa, the Haudenosaunee and the Wendat peoples.

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Disseminating the IKT Guiding Principles: What did we do? Where did we go? What do we do and where do we go next?

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Introduction

Methods

Project Context And Approach

Project Procedures

Phase 1 (Process): Planning Dissemination

Phase 2 (Process): Conducting Dissemination

Phase 3 (Outcome): Evaluating Dissemination Activities

Phase 4 (Outcome): Reflecting on Dissemination Process

Results

Project Aim 1: Report on Dissemination Processes

Phase 1: Planning Dissemination

Phase 2: Conducting Dissemination

Project Aim 2: Report On Dissemination Outcomes

Phase 3: Evaluating Dissemination Activities

Phase 4: Reflecting on Dissemination Process

Discussion

Implications For Others

Suggestions for Future Research

Contribution And Limitations

Conclusion

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