The decline in indoor air quality has become a severe problem in the last decade. A research team released a case of disease caused by indoor air pollution. Data released by the 2010 Global Burden of Disease Study, published in a British medical journal called the Lancet, that seven million people died from air pollution in 2010. The study also found that indoor air pollution killed 3.5 million people worldwide. in 2010, while outdoor air pollution killed 3.3 million people. So it should be noted that air pollution is the presence of one or more physical, chemical, or biological substances in the atmosphere that endanger human health, animals, and plants, disturb aesthetics and comfort, or damage property (EPA in Nurbiantara, Setiyawan, 2009).
Air pollution is not only sourced from things outside the room, as is well known, namely from motor vehicle and industrial smoke but also, comes from indoors, such as cigarette smoke which has been described previously as the number of deaths more significant than outdoors. So it can be seen that indoor air pollution is more dangerous than outdoor. As stated in the research of Fatimah et al. (2014)
A study stated that various types of bacteria in the air could accumulate in Cyclone. Basuki Tri ( 2008) There was a decrease in the concentration of CO and NO 2 in the exhaust gas emissions by using local TiO2 insertion media on activated carbon. The use of activated carbon as an adsorption medium for CO and NO 2 gases in motor vehicle exhaust emissions Pollutants - air pollutants that accumulate at a time and place can directly or indirectly affect the immune process. Exposure to air pollution increases human susceptibility to infection with TB bacteria. Air sanitation is an essential factor in providing good ventilation in the house. A study conductus by Ciuzas et al. (2016) concluded that air purification with air cleaners proved to be more efficient for removing airborne aerosol particles.
The main problem with indoor air pollution is the concentration of pollutants in the house (indoors) than outdoors ( Minnesota Department of Health in Saragih, Winda, 2011). An association called The United States Environment Protection Agency (US EPA) states that long-term exposure to unhealthy indoor air can lead to lung disease, heart disease, and cancer, which are difficult to treat and fatal. Meanwhile, according to Saragih and Winda (2011), the presence of pollutants in room air can cause health problems in the long or short term, with sources of air pollution coming from household activities from the kitchen, cigarette smoke, building materials, and others. Humans very much need healthy air to realize a better quality of life. Still, with the current situation, the housing area is getting narrower, so air sanitation is required.
In a research article, it is said that exposure to air pollutants such as TSP and PM 2.5 increases the risk of TB incidence in some countries. In South Korea, exposure to suspended particulate matter in the atmosphere and particulate matter PM 2.5 resulted in an increase in the incidence of TB by 1.27 times. Meanwhile, in Taiwan, exposure to suspended particles increased the incidence of tuberculosis by 4.0%. (Fernanda, et al 2017) .
Humans take shelter/shelter from danger, hot rain, and air from outside, protecting against accidents, poisoning, and chronic diseases in the house. Healthy home construction can create healthy indoor air to protect its occupants from disease transmission, including room ventilation, ventilation - lighting, and occupancy density. In the room also, there are microorganisms, along with fa k tor - a factor that affects it (Fitri et al. 2016). Transmitted airborne diseases include influenza, pneumonia, measles, rubella, and pulmonary tuberculosis. In Indonesia, the transmission of pulmonary TB disease is increasing due to the economic condition of the community, which is below average, so the housing facilities built are far from healthy, lack ventilation and lighting, semi-permanent walls, and high residential density. In a research article, it is said that exposure to air pollutants such as TSP and PM 2.5 increases the risk of TB incidence in some countries. In South Korea, exposure to suspended particulate matter in the atmosphere and particulate matter PM 2.5 resulted in an increase in the incidence of TB by 1.27 times. Meanwhile, in Taiwan, exposure to suspended particles increased the incidence of tuberculosis by 4.0%. ( Fernanda, et al 2017). In 2015, East Java had 40,185 TB cases and 21,475 smear-positive pulmonary TB patients. Five cities have the highest TB cases, including Surabaya (4,739) cases, Jember (3,128) cases, Bojonegoro (2,287) cases, Pamekasan (1,233) cases, and Sidoarjo (918) cases. Surabaya ranks highest in the number of cases of pulmonary TB patients. One of the causes of the high spread of pulmonary TB transmission is the condition of the patient's house that can protect the tuberculosis bacteria so they can breed freely. The increase in the number of people with pulmonary TB must be prevented immediately by improving the quality of public health and building houses with maximum ventilation and light.
Air sanitation itself is an effort made so that the air around us does not experience contamination that can have an impact on health; in particular, it can protect from infectious diseases through indoor air; according to Minister of Health Regulation No. 1077 of 2011, efforts to improve indoor air health include physical substances, chemistry, and biology. One of the air pollutant substances described in the definition of air pollution is biological substances, with the example of the most dangerous pollutant being air-containing bacteria/germs. By research conducted by Imam Thohari et al. in 2015, there is a relationship between home sanitation and bacteriological air quality in homes with pulmonary TB patients in the Nigerian City Health Center area. Surabaya. According to research conducted by Khambali et al. (2017), the application of cyclone ventilator modification for room air sanitation has proven that this tool can make room air comfortable for its occupants. Evi Nurdiana et al., 2018 concluded that the house's physical condition affects the transmission of pulmonary TB among family members. (Nugroho et al, 2016)
Exposure to unhealthy indoor air over a long period can cause lung, heart, and cancer diseases that are difficult to treat and can result in death explained the Association called The United States Environment. Protection Agency (USEPA). Based on the description, it is necessary to conduct trials regarding applying a cyclone ventilator modification device in the homes of pulmonary TB patients. In this study, we implemented a cyclone ventilator modification device in the homes of pulmonary TB patients, used as a tool to improve air quality in the house, including reducing the temperature, humidity, lighting, and airborne germ numbers.