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Moderate and deep sedation for non-invasive paediatric procedures in tertiary maternity and children’s hospitals in China: A questionnaire survey from China
Jijian Zheng
Shanghai Children's Medical Center
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-9557
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This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published version at BMC Health Services Research.
Background : Moderate and deep sedation are well-established techniques in many developed countries, and several guidelines have been published. However, they have received attention in China only in recent years. The aim of this study is to investigate current paediatric sedation practices in tertiary children’s hospitals and tertiary maternity and children hospitals in China. Methods : All tertiary children’s hospitals and tertiary maternity and children hospitals registered with the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China were invited to participate in an electronic survey, which included information on the sedation caseload, facility availability, staff structure, clinical skill requirements for sedation providers, fasting guidelines, patient-monitoring practices, and choice of sedatives. Results : Fifty-eight of the 63 hospitals that completed the survey (92.1%) provided moderate and deep sedation. Dedicated sedation rooms and post-sedation recovery rooms were found in 14 (24.1%) and 19 (32.8%) hospitals, respectively. Sedation for non-invasive procedures was primarily performed by anaesthesiologists (69.0%); however, 75.9% of the sedation providers had not received paediatric basic or advanced life-support training. Children were asked to fast from clear liquids for at least 2 hours in 44.8% of hospitals and up to 6 hours in 5.2% of hospitals; they were asked to fast from solid food/milk for at least 4 hours in 27.6% of hospitals and more than 8 hours in 1.7% of hospitals. The most commonly used sedative in all groups was chloral hydrate. For rescue, propofol was the most widely used sedative, particularly for children older than 4 years. Conclusions : Moderate and deep sedation practices vary widely in tertiary children’s hospitals and tertiary maternity and children hospitals in China. Optimised practices should be established to improve the quality of moderate and deep sedation.
Keywords
child, China, conscious sedation, deep sedation, questionnaires, surveys
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
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Posted 31 Dec, 2019
Published
On 08 Jan, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 27 Dec, 2019
Editor assigned
On 26 Dec, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 25 Dec, 2019
Editor invited
On 25 Dec, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 20 Dec, 2019
Editor assigned
On 12 Dec, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 11 Dec, 2019
Editor invited
On 11 Dec, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 05 Dec, 2019
Editor assigned
On 26 Nov, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 25 Nov, 2019
Editor invited
On 25 Nov, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 18 Nov, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 03 Nov, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 24 Oct, 2019
Editor assigned
On 21 Oct, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 21 Oct, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 20 Oct, 2019
Editor invited
On 20 Oct, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 25 Sep, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 31 Aug, 2019
Review #2 received
Received 31 Aug, 2019
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 31 Aug, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 31 Aug, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 30 Jul, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 30 Jul, 2019
Editor assigned
On 15 Jul, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 09 Jul, 2019
Editor invited
On 09 Jul, 2019
First submitted
On 27 Jun, 2019
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This preprint is under consideration at BMC Health Services Research. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Moderate and deep sedation for non-invasive paediatric procedures in tertiary maternity and children’s hospitals in China: A questionnaire survey from China
Jijian Zheng
Shanghai Children's Medical Center
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1903-9557
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
Version 5
Posted 31 Dec, 2019
Published
On 08 Jan, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 27 Dec, 2019
Editor assigned
On 26 Dec, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 25 Dec, 2019
Editor invited
On 25 Dec, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 20 Dec, 2019
Editor assigned
On 12 Dec, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 11 Dec, 2019
Editor invited
On 11 Dec, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 05 Dec, 2019
Editor assigned
On 26 Nov, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 25 Nov, 2019
Editor invited
On 25 Nov, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 18 Nov, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 03 Nov, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 24 Oct, 2019
Editor assigned
On 21 Oct, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 21 Oct, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 20 Oct, 2019
Editor invited
On 20 Oct, 2019
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 25 Sep, 2019
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 31 Aug, 2019
Review #2 received
Received 31 Aug, 2019
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 31 Aug, 2019
Review #1 received
Received 31 Aug, 2019
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 30 Jul, 2019
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 30 Jul, 2019
Editor assigned
On 15 Jul, 2019
Submission checks complete
On 09 Jul, 2019
Editor invited
On 09 Jul, 2019
First submitted
On 27 Jun, 2019
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Health Policy
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published version at BMC Health Services Research.
Background : Moderate and deep sedation are well-established techniques in many developed countries, and several guidelines have been published. However, they have received attention in China only in recent years. The aim of this study is to investigate current paediatric sedation practices in tertiary children’s hospitals and tertiary maternity and children hospitals in China. Methods : All tertiary children’s hospitals and tertiary maternity and children hospitals registered with the National Health Commission of the People’s Republic of China were invited to participate in an electronic survey, which included information on the sedation caseload, facility availability, staff structure, clinical skill requirements for sedation providers, fasting guidelines, patient-monitoring practices, and choice of sedatives. Results : Fifty-eight of the 63 hospitals that completed the survey (92.1%) provided moderate and deep sedation. Dedicated sedation rooms and post-sedation recovery rooms were found in 14 (24.1%) and 19 (32.8%) hospitals, respectively. Sedation for non-invasive procedures was primarily performed by anaesthesiologists (69.0%); however, 75.9% of the sedation providers had not received paediatric basic or advanced life-support training. Children were asked to fast from clear liquids for at least 2 hours in 44.8% of hospitals and up to 6 hours in 5.2% of hospitals; they were asked to fast from solid food/milk for at least 4 hours in 27.6% of hospitals and more than 8 hours in 1.7% of hospitals. The most commonly used sedative in all groups was chloral hydrate. For rescue, propofol was the most widely used sedative, particularly for children older than 4 years. Conclusions : Moderate and deep sedation practices vary widely in tertiary children’s hospitals and tertiary maternity and children hospitals in China. Optimised practices should be established to improve the quality of moderate and deep sedation.
Figure 1
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Figure 3