1 American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Obstetric Anesthesia. Practice guidelines for obstetric anesthesia: an updated report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Obstetric Anesthesia. Anesthesiology 2007; 106:843–863.
2 Martínez B, Canser E, Alonso A, Alonso E, Gredilla E, Díez J, Gilsanz F. Postdural Puncture Headache and Epidural Blood Patch in a Large Obstetric Anaesthesia Population. Asian J Anesthesiol. 2018 Mar;56(1):23-32. doi: 10.6859/aja.201803_56(1).0003. PMID: 29847969.
3 https://www.verywellhealth.com/headache-after-surgery-5214008#:~:text=Headaches%20usually%20don't%20occur,CSF)%20leaks%20during%20the%20procedure
4 Hickmott, K.C., Healy, T.E.J., Roberts, S.P. and Faraghert, E.B. (1990), Back pain following general anaesthesia and surgery: Evaluation of risk factors and the effect of an inflatable lumbar support. Br J Surg, 77: 571-575. https://doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800770535
5 https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/spinal-headaches/symptoms-causes/syc-20377913#:~:text=Spinal%20headaches%20are%20caused%20by,which%20leads%20to%20a%20headache
6 https://www.openanesthesia.org/aba_post_spinal_back_ache/#:~:text=Occurring%20in%20approximately%2013%25%20of,days%20up%20to%20a%20week.9 Messina, A., et al., Hemodynamic changes associated with spinal and general anesthesia for hip fracture surgery in severe ASA III elderly population: a pilot trial. Minerva Anestesiol, 2013. 79(9): p. 10219.
7 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5370299/#:~:text=Treatment-,Conservative,caffeine%20supplementation%2C%20and%20analgesic%20medication.
8 Brown EM, Elman DSPostoperative backache.Anesth Analg1961406835
9 Brown, D.L., Atlas of regional anesthesia. 2010: Elsevier Health Sciences.
10 Chen, X., et al., The recovery of cognitive function after general anesthesia in elderly patients: a comparison of desflurane and sevoflurane. Anesth Analg, 2001. 93(6): p. 1489-94, table of contents.
11 Strøm, C., L.S. Rasmussen, and F.E. Sieber, Should general anaesthesia be avoided in the elderly? Anaesthesia, 2014. 69 Suppl 1(Suppl 1): p. 35-44.
12 Singelyn, F.J., et al., Effects of intravenous patient-controlled analgesia with morphine, continuous epidural analgesia, and continuous femoral nerve sheath block on rehabilitation after unilateral total-hip arthroplasty. Reg Anesth Pain Med, 2005. 30(5): p. 452-7.
13 Sumikura, H., et al., Rethinking general anesthesia for cesarean section. J Anesth, 2016. 30(2): p. 268-73.
14 Dahl, J.B., et al., Spinal anaesthesia in young patients using a 29-gauge needle: technical considerations and an evaluation of postoperative complaints compared with general anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth, 1990. 64(2): p. 178-82.
15 Montasser, M.G., Post dural puncture headache after spinal anesthesia for caesarean section: a comparison of 27G quincke and whitacre spinal needles in midline and paramedian approaches. Journal of Medical Sciences, 2015. 15(1): p. 44.
16 Sırıt, I. and D. Yazıcıoglu, Aminophylline does not prevent postdural puncture headache in caesarean section. Int. J. Anesth. Anesthesiol, 2015. 3(3).
17 Ali, H.M., M.Y. Mohamed, and Y.M. Ahmed, Postdural puncture headache after spinal anesthesia in cesarean section: Experience in six months in 2736 patients in Kasr El aini teaching hospital–Cairo University. Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia, 2014. 30(4): p. 383-386K. and A. Taqi, The causes, prevention and management of post spinal backache: An
18 Ragab, A. and K.N. Facharzt, Caffeine, Is it effective for prevention of postdural puncture headache in young adult patients? Egyptian Journal of Anaesthesia, 2014. 30(2): p. 181-186.