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Drinking water production faces many different challenges with one of them being naturally produced cyanobacterial toxins. Since pollutants become more abundant and persistent today, conventional water treatment is often no longer sufficient to provide adequate removal. Amongst other emerging technologies, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have a great potential to appropriately tackle this issue. This review addresses the economic and health risks posed by cyanotoxins and discusses their removal from drinking water by AOPs. The current state of knowledge on AOPs and their application for cyanotoxin degradation is synthesized to provide an overview on available techniques and effects of water quality, toxin- and technique-specific parameters on their degradation efficacy. The different AOPs are compared based on their efficiency and applicability, considering economic, practical and environmental aspects and their potential to generate toxic disinfection byproducts. For future research, more relevant studies to include the degradation of less explored cyanotoxins, toxin mixtures in actual surface water, assessment of residual toxicity and scale-up are recommended. Since actual surface water most likely contains more than just cyanotoxins, a multi-barrier approach consisting of a series of different physical, biological and chemical – especially oxidative – treatment steps is inevitable to ensure safe and high quality drinking water.
Keywords
AOP, cyanotoxin, cylindrospermopsin, Fenton oxidation, hydroxyl radical, microcystin, ozone, sulfate radical, UV, water treatment
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CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Environmental Sciences Europe.
Version 2
Posted 15 Jun, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 14 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 10 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 09 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 09 Jun, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 24 May, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 19 May, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 15 May, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 03 May, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 02 May, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 02 May, 2020
Editor assigned
On 30 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 29 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 22 Apr, 2020
First submitted
On 19 Apr, 2020
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See the published version of this preprint at Environmental Sciences Europe.
This is a preprint, a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Review
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
View the published article at Environmental Sciences Europe.
Version 2
Posted 15 Jun, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 14 Jun, 2020
Editor assigned
On 10 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 09 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 09 Jun, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 24 May, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 19 May, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 15 May, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 03 May, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 02 May, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 02 May, 2020
Editor assigned
On 30 Apr, 2020
Editor invited
On 29 Apr, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 22 Apr, 2020
First submitted
On 19 Apr, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
View the published article at Environmental Sciences Europe.
Drinking water production faces many different challenges with one of them being naturally produced cyanobacterial toxins. Since pollutants become more abundant and persistent today, conventional water treatment is often no longer sufficient to provide adequate removal. Amongst other emerging technologies, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have a great potential to appropriately tackle this issue. This review addresses the economic and health risks posed by cyanotoxins and discusses their removal from drinking water by AOPs. The current state of knowledge on AOPs and their application for cyanotoxin degradation is synthesized to provide an overview on available techniques and effects of water quality, toxin- and technique-specific parameters on their degradation efficacy. The different AOPs are compared based on their efficiency and applicability, considering economic, practical and environmental aspects and their potential to generate toxic disinfection byproducts. For future research, more relevant studies to include the degradation of less explored cyanotoxins, toxin mixtures in actual surface water, assessment of residual toxicity and scale-up are recommended. Since actual surface water most likely contains more than just cyanotoxins, a multi-barrier approach consisting of a series of different physical, biological and chemical – especially oxidative – treatment steps is inevitable to ensure safe and high quality drinking water.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
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