Employee Satisfaction and Electronic Workflow at King Hussein Cancer Center: Descriptive and Stepwise Regression Analytics with Questionnaire Validity Measuring

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2338904/v1

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Research Article

Employee Satisfaction and Electronic Workflow at King Hussein Cancer Center: Descriptive and Stepwise Regression Analytics with Questionnaire Validity Measuring

https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2338904/v1

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Objectives

The purpose of the study is to develop a questionnaire on the "Electronic Workflow" of the system and how it relates to employee satisfaction at King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC), a hospital in Jordan, as well as to assess how satisfied staff members were with the five aspects of this electronic system.

Methods

After being evaluated, a questionnaire was piloted with a small group of KHCC employees. The researcher subsequently studied the five aspects of “Electronic Workflow”— electronic "Work," "Transfer," "Audit and Control," "Delay or Postponement," and "Save and Store"—in more detail by first conducting a descriptive analysis and then running a stepwise regression analysis.

Results

The questionnaire was found to be valid and reliable, and no multicollinearity overlapped between independent variables. The employees demonstrated a high level of estimation for electronic aspects, also to their satisfaction, but a medium level of estimation for the current system in use and the probability that the electronic system will not cause work to be delayed or postponed. While the stepwise regression proved a positive relationship, except for the "Transfer" of electronic tasks.

Conclusions

The study emphasized the significance of electronic systems in facilitating work, enhancing staff satisfaction, and improving patient care. Notably, hospitals must employ new technologies to stay abreast of developments where prompt intervention is required.

JEL Code: J28, D73, O14.

Questionnaire validity and reliability

Electronic Workflow

Employee Satisfaction

The Millennial generation has improved workplace values through videoconferencing and e-mail or automatically sending messages via the electronic system. Employers are using electronic systems to improve employee satisfaction and instill in the millennial generation a positive work attitude [1]. New technology tools, however, make it easier for users, patients, and other organizations to communicate better. By making improvements to its electronic system, a business can find it easy to execute tasks, save time, and keep data. Job quality, labor costs, and worker satisfaction. Even so, a problem of tension is brought on by the introduction of new systems to the market and businesses' concern over keeping up with technological innovation [2]. Subsequently, systems in the healthcare industry should not be confined to a mouse and keyboard. As an example, some hospitals use digital voice assistants to facilitate communication between patients and healthcare providers. The system features that are more effective and easier to use contribute to user satisfaction and productivity [3]. The availability of electronic technologies for trimming, such as workpiece 3D metal printing offered with modern printing and programming, is an example of technological advancement these days. Within less than a month, patients' packaging materials can be developed, produced, and handled [4]. As a result, businesses should adapt to shifting business needs and technological advancements. For instance, business process software is essential for running a business and streamlining processes. However, recent directions in design science studies focus on the shortcomings of present tactics and tool support [5]. Additionally, these technologies are just another mix of links that reflow fundamental logic, such as connecting individuals to enterprises throughout the globe. Existence is the link between thought and something that exists. Another advantage of technology is how it differs fundamentally from a hierarchical structure for defining entities and how easy it is to replace other differential places with the whole associations of constituent elements [6]. Deep learning has become increasingly popular in hospitals during the past 10 years due to its excellent potential performance for a variety of computer vision applications, including identification, categorization, classification, monitoring, and prediction. A project that requires automated diagnostic image processing can be altered to follow the suggestions [7]. However, it is important to realize that no one can argue that technological advancements have advantages over their disadvantages, such as work-related behavior and work environments. But before adopting a technological machine, organizations first need to understand and quantify the pros and cons that transformations pose to people's health and well-being [8]. Significantly, The Hakeem system at the KHCC was combined with the currently used ones; it runs separately from the public hospitals. This action has led to improvements in patient care, process simplicity, and an organized workflow [9]. Above all, in this study, the researcher measures and describes the electronic system at KHCC in terms of process workflow and its relation to employee satisfaction.

To begin with, a study found that using digital tools like mobile apps in the work of pharmacists and other medical professionals improves the quality and efficiency of managing and treating patients with balance disorders. Due to technological developments, users were able to streamline their work and spend less time recording and more time aiding patients [10]. Thus, Advanced systems are expected to reduce healthcare expenses and enhance patient-relevant outcomes [11]. Additionally, modern automated systems have now encroached on the field of medicine. These modern techniques, which are considered operational processes, make it possible for patients with a risk of infection from lesions to have less infection than with conventional procedures [12]. Similarly to this, a study by Maillet and colleagues [13] showed that the need for professionals and staff to have access to digital system software was underlined to guarantee improvements and advancements in quality, performance, and user happiness. Moreover, a study revealed that the electronic method for numbering patients had an effect on the procedure itself and had a favorable effect on patients' satisfaction. The satisfaction level has been significantly impacted by the elimination of unnecessary processes [14]. Furthermore, Al Shobaki and colleagues [15] stated that cost savings via automation, accurate and easily accessible information, and decision-making accuracy are some advantages of using a digital system for human resources management. Direct workflow processing improves relationships across departments and promotes changes in the organization's culture as well as employee satisfaction. Once more, adopting an information system would improve process affectivity, values, and workflow [16,17]. On the other hand, user acceptance and satisfaction with information technology matter [18]. Importantly, Mahmood and colleagues [19] showed that the success of information technology is measured by user satisfaction. However, previous studies measured user satisfaction with information technology by indicators such as management's and the users' attitudes toward the electronic system. In contrast, Brass [20] discovered that when integrated job requirements and technology work together, they favor an employee's satisfaction, effectiveness, and process execution. Otherwise, Al-Gahtani and King [21] showed that technology acceptance depends on variables such as users' attitudes towards electronic systems, characteristics, and market volume. Along with that, trained users, such as those with an electronic health record, help reduce anxieties, facilitate transformation, and improve the process workflow, which results in positive attitudes [22,23,24). Besides, Ho and colleagues [25] found that a better information system has an impact on employees' job satisfaction; therefore, this satisfaction affects the employees' perceptions of the usefulness, ease, and enjoyment of their jobs. In addition, Work transmission is made easier thanks to electronic technologies, which is one of their advantages in medicine. Numerous nations around the world have addressed the usage of consultations, which has affected users and workflow processes [26]. Expressively, Kostrzewa and colleagues [27] discovered that it was accurate and effective to use a novel robot scheme for photographing interventional placement by computerized scanning in a working environment. What is more, using computerized records in a hospital, the observed times for most of the appointments proved useful within three minutes. This is to continue by incorporating routine task-enabling processes into an automated system, which is feasible to increase operational effectiveness and the automatic command fluidity of digital environments [28]. As evidenced, fragments of earlier studies' findings that information technology could affect internal organizational labor, attitudes, and relationships have been taken. Thus, the adoption of new electronic technology would alter the organizational structure, culture, and behavior [29,30].

3.1 Study Design

This study is a descriptive-analytical model, and the author designed the questionnaire to make it easier for researchers to use in future studies. By exploring employees' perspectives of electronic workflow, this study presents, in Fig. 1, five distinct components of “Electronic Workflow”: “Work,” “Transfer,” “Audit and Control,” “Delay or Postponement,” and “Save and Store”. The dependent variable, “Employee Satisfaction,” was also evaluated.

3.2 Characteristics of the Sample

A 250-respondent sample made up the study. 50.8% of the total were males, and 88.4% were 36 or below. Because of newly hired employees and KHCC's current building expansion, 71.6% of the sample had experience within the last 5 years or less. In addition, 77.2% of the employees had bachelor’s degrees; the others were diploma, master, or doctorate holders. According to this study, the sample was randomly stratified. Therefore, the 250 questionnaires collected were divided between 40% administrative staff, 40% nurses, and 20% other medical team staff.

3.3 Data Collection

A scale was used to quantify the questionnaire responses. The five choices on the scale range from (1) strongly disagree to (5) strongly agree. The next step was to categorize the five points on the scale into low, medium, and high categories to provide descriptive data on how the employees felt about the system's current workflow and how satisfied they were with it. Then, stepwise regression is used to evaluate every component of the electronic processes concerning the satisfaction of the workers.

4.1 Testing the Questionnaire Validity and Reliability

4.1.1 Pilot testing: The first aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of a data collection instrument and its content. 30 employees from three strata (10 each)—nurses, administrative staff, and other medical staff—were tested.

4.1.2 Construction validity indicators: The Pearson correlation coefficient was extracted between each paragraph and the dimension related to the instrument of the pilot study, which ranged from 0.596** to 0.937** and are all statistically significant at α ≤ 0.01.

4.1.3 Cronbach's alpha test: The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the stability of the instrument. The alpha coefficients of all the variables ranged from 0.8881 to 0.9661, and their values are greater than 0.70, as it is acceptable at 70% and above [31].

4.1.4 Variance Inflation Factory (VIF) and Tolerance tests: There were no multicollinearity overlaps or high correlations between the independent variables for the linear regression test. The VIF test was conducted and gave values from 1.987 to 2.898, all of which were less than 5, and the "Tolerance" tests were between 0.345 and 0.503, all of which are greater than 0.05.

4.2 Descriptive Analysis of the Electronic Workflow Variables, and Employee Satisfaction

4.2.1 Electronic Work: At first, Table 1 demonstrates that the average for "Electronic Work" was 3.96 with a high degree of estimation and that the averages for the individual paragraphs ranged from 3.88 to 4.00 with a high degree of estimation. The paragraph with the highest arithmetic mean was paragraph (2), "Using the electronic system is more useful in my work," followed by paragraphs (5), (6), (4), and (1), and the paragraph with the lowest mean was paragraph (3).

Table 1

Description of Electronic Work.
Paragraph Number	Dimension	Mean	SD	Rank	Degree
1	It is easy to learn to do work efficiently based on the electronic system.	3.92	.800	5	High
2	Using the electronic system is more useful in my work.	4.00	1.000	1	High
3	The electronic system enables me to accomplish the required functional tasks quickly.	3.88	1.055	6	High
4	The electronic system enables me to accomplish the required functional tasks easily.	3.96	.924	4	High
5	My interaction with the electronic system regarding work is clear and understandable.	3.99	.799	2	High
6	Must be using the electronic system to do work.	3.98	.980	3	High
	Electronic Work	3.96	.768		High