Acknowledgments:
This study was conducted by the support of the KMF. The authors would like to thank all the myeloma patients registered in KMF and all the KMF investigators, particularly Ms. Okuyama, for their scientific supports.
Ethical approval:
All procedures performed in this study involving the patient were in accordance with the ethical standards of Kyoto University Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, Ethics Committee institutional (approval no. R2887, approved date: January 6th, 2022) and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The informed consent requirement for this retrospective study was waived by Kyoto University Graduate School and Faculty of Medicine, Ethics Committee institutional because the study was conducted retrospectively and the opportunity to refuse was guaranteed.
Author contributions
Yutaka Shimazu and Junya Kanda performed the research, collected data, analyzed data and wrote the paper; Satoru Kosugi, Tomoki Ito, Hitomi Kaneko, Yuji Shimura, Shin-ichi Fuchida, Kentaro Fukushima, Hirokazu Tanaka, Satoshi Yoshihara, Kensuke Ohta, Ryosuke Yamamura, Yasuhiro Tanaka, Hitoji Uchiyama, Yoshiyuki Onda, Yoko Adachi, Hitoshi Hanamoto, Ryoichi Takahashi, Mitsuhiro Matsuda, Teruhito Takakuwa performed the research and collected data. Kazunori Imada, Nobuhiko Uoshima, Hideo Yagi, Hirohiko Shibayama, Takashi Miyoshi, Masayuki Hino, Naoki Hosen, Shosaku Nomura, Itaru Matsumura, Chihiro Shimazaki, Akifumi Takaori-Kondo and Junya Kuroda supervised the study and performed writing reviewing.
Funding
The authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.
Conflict of Interest
J. Kanda received honorarium from Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanofi K.K. and Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and is an advisory role in Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K, and Novartis Pharma K.K. T.I. honorarium from Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. and Sanofi K.K.; and research funding from Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. K.I. received honorarium from Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Novartis Pharma K.K., Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Celgene K.K., Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Astellas Pharma Inc., Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd. and Meiji Seika Pharma Co. Ltd. S.F. received honorarium from Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Sanofi K.K., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. H.T. received personal fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. (Celgene K.K.), personal fees from Novartis Pharma K.K., grants from Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd. H.S. reports honoraria from Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Novartis Pharma K.K., Celgene K.K., Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanofi K.K., AstraZeneca K.K., AbbVie G.K., SymBio Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., and Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd.; and research funding from Pharma Essentia Japan K.K., Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Celgene K.K., Novartis Pharma K.K., Sanofi K.K., AstraZeneca K.K., AbbVie G.K., Eisai Co., Ltd., HUYA Bioscience International, LLC., and Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; and scholarship endowment from Astellas Pharma Inc., Teijin Pharma Ltd., Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Eisai Co., Ltd., Sanofi K.K., Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd. I.M. received personal fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. (Celgene K.K.), personal fees from Novartis Pharma K.K., grants and personal fees from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., personal fees from Pfizer Japan Inc., during the conduct of the study; grants from Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., personal fees from Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K, grants from Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., grants from Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., grants from Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd., grants from Shionogi & Co., Ltd., grants from Teijin Pharma limited., grants from Boehringer Ingelheim Co., Ltd., grants from Sanofi K.K., grants from Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. , grants from Eisai Co., Ltd., grants from MSD K.K, grants from Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, grants and personal fees from Astellas Pharma Inc., grants and personal fees from Takeda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., grants from Japan Blood Products Organization, grants from Nihon Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., grants and personal fees from Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., grants and personal fees from AbbVie GK, grants from Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., grants from Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, grants from Nippon Kayaku Co., Ltd., grants from CSL Behring LLC, grants from Mundipharma K.K, grants from Ayumi Pharmaceutical Corporation, grants from Eli Lilly Japan K.K., grants from Actelion Pharmaceuticals Japan Ltd., personal fees from Amgen BioPharma K.K., outside the submitted work. C.S. received honoraria from Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Sanofi K.K., and Bristol-Myers Squibb. Co. A. Takaori-Kondo serves as an advisor for Megakaryon and receives research fundings from Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., DSK, and Cognano. J. Kuroda. received research funding from Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanofi K.K., Eisai, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Sysmex, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., AbbVie GK, Teijin Pharma Ltd. and Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., has received honoraria from Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K, Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd., Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Sanofi K.K., Eisai Co., Ltd., SymBio Pharmaceuticals Ltd., Bristol-Myers Squibb Co, Astellas Pharma Inc., Pfizer Japan Inc., Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd., AbbVie GK and Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and is a consultant for Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K, and Bristol-Myers Squibb Co. The other authors have no conflict of interest.
Data Availability Statement
The KMF database is only available to the KMF members. However, the data of this study are available from the corresponding author, JK, upon reasonable request.