Due to its greater dependability, safety, and efficiency, green nano chemistry has emerged as the most solid foundation for all current new research. Furthermore, the nanoparticles created using green synthetic techniques have exceptional adherence to all properties. The sort of synthetic process used can be thought of as a function of the characteristics of nanoparticles. As a result, the process of synthesizing nanoparticles is given more attention [1]. Resources for green nanofabrication helped the scientific community become more economical and energy-efficient. Extreme experimental settings, the use of non-renewable resources, hazardous chemicals, and unwanted byproducts are all significantly reduced [2]. Green nano synthesis methods, which are entirely based on green chemistry principles, promise safer and more hygienic ways to produce nanoparticles with lots of potential applications [3]. Plants, which are abundant in biomolecules, play a more significant role in the creation of nanoparticles than any other green method. Since they can be produced in great quantities and are repeatable, plant components like roots, leaves, barks, stems, fruits, flowers, and seeds are more revered and cherished than microorganisms and enzyme-based synthesis [4]. A well-known medicinal plant called Hydnocarpus pentandra was used to create silver nanoparticles, and their antibacterial and larvicidal properties were investigated [5]. Because of their astounding transdisciplinary uses, metal nanoparticles are transforming science. The use of noble metal nanoparticles, particularly silver, in medical fields has been documented throughout history.
With its antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer capabilities, silver nanoparticles produced by green synthetic methods have captured the attention of the nanobiotechnology community. Silver nanoparticles have a significant impact on almost every aspect of science and daily life, especially when they are produced in a sustainable manner. Along with being a transition metal, silver also featured a variety of antibacterial qualities. Numerous straightforward and affordable techniques can be used to create silver nanoparticles in a green manner [6]. Silver nanoparticles were able to be used in all fields due to optical qualities brought on by surface plasmon resonance [7]. Because of their small size, AgNPs have an expanded surface area, which contributes to their catalytic activity. Additionally, the stability of nanoparticles has been improved via bioconjugation with phytochemicals found in plant materials and gave them traits of multifunctionality as well. As a result, silver nanoparticles have a wide range of uses in the medical industry, including drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensing, wound healing, and biolabeling [8]. They also have applications in other fields, including water purification [9], catalytic activity, cosmetics, and food packaging. One of the most dangerous water pollutants with cancer-causing effects is textile dyes. Therefore, it is crucial to remove or degrade these dyes in order to maintain a healthy ecology. Similar to this, the presence of harmful metals greatly pollutes water supplies, leading to severe diseases. Another such dangerous substance that contaminates the water is 4-nitrophenol.
In this study, silver nanoparticles were produced using an environmentally friendly one-pot technique. Fresh leaves were used as the appropriate green antecedents for this Abrus precatorious. This plant is known to be a perennial climber with therapeutic applications. In Malayalam, it is referred to as "Kunni," while in English, it is known as "rosary pea." It can be used to treat a variety of conditions, including tetanus, rabies, coughs, stomachaches, and eye irritations. Additionally, the plant is rich in phytochemicals that have reducing and stabilizing properties. This study created a green method for the manufacture of silver nanoparticles and the use of generated nanoparticles for the reduction of 4-nitrophenol, dye degradation, and heavy metal sensing. The silver nanoparticles can therefore be applied to the treatment of waste water.