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Background: Owing to the excellent properties of photosensitization, cercosporin, one of naturally occurring perylenequinonoid pigments, has been widely used in photodynamic therapy, or as an antimicrobial agent and an organophotocatalyst. However, because of low efficiency of total chemical synthesis and low yield of current microbial fermentation, the limited production restricts its broad applications. Thus, the strategies to improve the production of cercosporin were highly desired. Besides traditional optimization methods, here we screened leaf-spot-disease-related endophytic bacteria to co-culture with our previous identified Cercospora sp. JNU001 to increase cercosporin production.
Results: Bacillus velezensis B04 and Lysinibacillus sp. B15 isolated from leaves with leaf spot diseases were found to facilitate cercosporin secretion into the broth and then enhance the production of cercosporin. After 4 days of co-culture, Bacillus velezensis B04 allowed to increase the production of cercosporin from 128.2 mg/L to 984.4 mg/L, which was 7.68-fold of the previously reported one. Lysinibacillus sp. B15 could also enhance the production of cercosporin with a yield of 626.3 mg/L, which was 4.89-fold higher than the starting condition. More importantly, we found that bacteria B04 and B15 employed two different mechanisms to improve the production of cercosporin, in which B04 facilitated cercosporin secretion into the broth by loosening and damaging the hyphae surface of Cercospora sp. JNU001 while B15 could absorb cercosporin to improve its secretion.
Conclusions: We here established a novel and effective co-culture method to improve the production of cercosporin by increasing its secretion ability from Cercospora sp. JNU001, allowing to develop more potential applications of cercosporin.
Keywords
Cercosporin, co-culture, endophytic bacteria, secretion, microbial fermentation
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- Additionalfile1.doc
Additional file 1: Table S1. 16 bacteria isolated from leaves with leaf spot diseases and their effects on CP production by co-cultivation. Figure S1. 1H NMR of CP structure. Figure S2. Autolysis of Cercospora sp. JNU001. Figure S3. Fluorescence microscope observation of B15 after culturing with Cercospora sp. JNU001. Figure S4. Analysis of B04 with an ability to degrade glucan. Figure S5. FESEM observation of Cercospora sp. JNU001 with B15.
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Received 05 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 01 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 25 Feb, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 21 Feb, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 20 Feb, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 20 Feb, 2021
Reviews received
Received 20 Feb, 2021
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This preprint is under consideration at Microbial Cell Factories. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research Article
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version (no preprint)
Posted 26 Apr, 2021
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 21 Apr, 2021
Review #4 received
Received 21 Apr, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 19 Apr, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 19 Apr, 2021
Review #3 received
Received 19 Apr, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 17 Apr, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 16 Apr, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 16 Apr, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 15 Apr, 2021
Editor assigned
On 14 Apr, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 14 Apr, 2021
Editor invited
On 14 Apr, 2021
This version was not preprinted
Version 1
Posted 03 Mar, 2021
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Major Revision
On 25 Mar, 2021
Review #4 received
Received 24 Mar, 2021
Review #3 received
Received 17 Mar, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 05 Mar, 2021
Review #1 received
Received 05 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #4 agreed
On 01 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 25 Feb, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 21 Feb, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 20 Feb, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 20 Feb, 2021
Reviews received
Received 20 Feb, 2021
Editor assigned
On 18 Feb, 2021
Editor invited
On 18 Feb, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 18 Feb, 2021
First submitted
On 16 Feb, 2021
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
General Microbiology
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Owing to the excellent properties of photosensitization, cercosporin, one of naturally occurring perylenequinonoid pigments, has been widely used in photodynamic therapy, or as an antimicrobial agent and an organophotocatalyst. However, because of low efficiency of total chemical synthesis and low yield of current microbial fermentation, the limited production restricts its broad applications. Thus, the strategies to improve the production of cercosporin were highly desired. Besides traditional optimization methods, here we screened leaf-spot-disease-related endophytic bacteria to co-culture with our previous identified Cercospora sp. JNU001 to increase cercosporin production.
Results: Bacillus velezensis B04 and Lysinibacillus sp. B15 isolated from leaves with leaf spot diseases were found to facilitate cercosporin secretion into the broth and then enhance the production of cercosporin. After 4 days of co-culture, Bacillus velezensis B04 allowed to increase the production of cercosporin from 128.2 mg/L to 984.4 mg/L, which was 7.68-fold of the previously reported one. Lysinibacillus sp. B15 could also enhance the production of cercosporin with a yield of 626.3 mg/L, which was 4.89-fold higher than the starting condition. More importantly, we found that bacteria B04 and B15 employed two different mechanisms to improve the production of cercosporin, in which B04 facilitated cercosporin secretion into the broth by loosening and damaging the hyphae surface of Cercospora sp. JNU001 while B15 could absorb cercosporin to improve its secretion.
Conclusions: We here established a novel and effective co-culture method to improve the production of cercosporin by increasing its secretion ability from Cercospora sp. JNU001, allowing to develop more potential applications of cercosporin.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
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Figure 7
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