Background: Owing to the excellent properties of photosensitization, cercosporin, one of naturally occurring perylenequinonoid pigments, has been widely used in photodynamic therapy, or as an antimicrobial agent and an organophotocatalyst. However, because of low efficiency of total chemical synthesis and low yield of current microbial fermentation, the limited production restricts its broad applications. Thus, the strategies to improve the production of cercosporin were highly desired. Besides traditional optimization methods, here we screened leaf-spot-disease-related endophytic bacteria to co-culture with our previous identified Cercospora sp. JNU001 to increase cercosporin production.
Results: Bacillus velezensis B04 and Lysinibacillus sp. B15 isolated from leaves with leaf spot diseases were found to facilitate cercosporin secretion into the broth and then enhance the production of cercosporin. After 4 days of co-culture, Bacillus velezensis B04 allowed to increase the production of cercosporin from 128.2 mg/L to 984.4 mg/L, which was 7.68-fold of the previously reported one. Lysinibacillus sp. B15 could also enhance the production of cercosporin with a yield of 626.3 mg/L, which was 4.89-fold higher than the starting condition. More importantly, we found that bacteria B04 and B15 employed two different mechanisms to improve the production of cercosporin, in which B04 facilitated cercosporin secretion into the broth by loosening and damaging the hyphae surface of Cercospora sp. JNU001 while B15 could absorb cercosporin to improve its secretion.
Conclusions: We here established a novel and effective co-culture method to improve the production of cercosporin by increasing its secretion ability from Cercospora sp. JNU001, allowing to develop more potential applications of cercosporin.
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This is a list of supplementary files associated with this preprint. Click to download.
Additional file 1: Table S1. 16 bacteria isolated from leaves with leaf spot diseases and their effects on CP production by co-cultivation. Figure S1. 1H NMR of CP structure. Figure S2. Autolysis of Cercospora sp. JNU001. Figure S3. Fluorescence microscope observation of B15 after culturing with Cercospora sp. JNU001. Figure S4. Analysis of B04 with an ability to degrade glucan. Figure S5. FESEM observation of Cercospora sp. JNU001 with B15.
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Posted 03 Mar, 2021
On 25 Mar, 2021
Received 24 Mar, 2021
Received 17 Mar, 2021
Received 05 Mar, 2021
Received 05 Mar, 2021
On 01 Mar, 2021
On 25 Feb, 2021
On 21 Feb, 2021
Invitations sent on 20 Feb, 2021
On 20 Feb, 2021
Received 20 Feb, 2021
On 18 Feb, 2021
On 18 Feb, 2021
On 18 Feb, 2021
On 16 Feb, 2021
Posted 03 Mar, 2021
On 25 Mar, 2021
Received 24 Mar, 2021
Received 17 Mar, 2021
Received 05 Mar, 2021
Received 05 Mar, 2021
On 01 Mar, 2021
On 25 Feb, 2021
On 21 Feb, 2021
Invitations sent on 20 Feb, 2021
On 20 Feb, 2021
Received 20 Feb, 2021
On 18 Feb, 2021
On 18 Feb, 2021
On 18 Feb, 2021
On 16 Feb, 2021
Background: Owing to the excellent properties of photosensitization, cercosporin, one of naturally occurring perylenequinonoid pigments, has been widely used in photodynamic therapy, or as an antimicrobial agent and an organophotocatalyst. However, because of low efficiency of total chemical synthesis and low yield of current microbial fermentation, the limited production restricts its broad applications. Thus, the strategies to improve the production of cercosporin were highly desired. Besides traditional optimization methods, here we screened leaf-spot-disease-related endophytic bacteria to co-culture with our previous identified Cercospora sp. JNU001 to increase cercosporin production.
Results: Bacillus velezensis B04 and Lysinibacillus sp. B15 isolated from leaves with leaf spot diseases were found to facilitate cercosporin secretion into the broth and then enhance the production of cercosporin. After 4 days of co-culture, Bacillus velezensis B04 allowed to increase the production of cercosporin from 128.2 mg/L to 984.4 mg/L, which was 7.68-fold of the previously reported one. Lysinibacillus sp. B15 could also enhance the production of cercosporin with a yield of 626.3 mg/L, which was 4.89-fold higher than the starting condition. More importantly, we found that bacteria B04 and B15 employed two different mechanisms to improve the production of cercosporin, in which B04 facilitated cercosporin secretion into the broth by loosening and damaging the hyphae surface of Cercospora sp. JNU001 while B15 could absorb cercosporin to improve its secretion.
Conclusions: We here established a novel and effective co-culture method to improve the production of cercosporin by increasing its secretion ability from Cercospora sp. JNU001, allowing to develop more potential applications of cercosporin.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
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