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Research Article
James Kanagaraj
central leather research inst
Corresponding Author
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Chrome tanning is one of the popular tanning methods followed globally that generates considerable level of chromium pollution in the resulting effluent. The existing conventional chrome tanning system has to be modified to increase the exhaustion level of chromium in the tanning process. In the present investigation, a protein based product has been developed from raw trimming wastes and applied in chrome tanning process to enhance the exhaustion level of chromium. The experiment conducted using the product at the level of 6% exhibited chromium exhaustion at the level of 93% in the process. FT-IR analysis revealed the presence of peaks for various functional groups namely carboxylic acids, aldehyde, amide and hydroxyl groups for the high exhaust chrome tanning. The shrinkage temperature of the experimental leather was found to be more than 100 o C. Results of microscopic studies from SEM-EDX revealed that enhanced adsorption of chromium up to a level of 5.24 weight % containing chromium with atomic % 1.27 in the sample of 6% co-polymer. AFM images also show increase in adsorption of chromium with increased amount of co-polymer in the solution. Increased interactions between active sites of collagen-complex and chromium resulted into improved exhaustion of chromium as revealed from higher intensities of XRD images. CD spectra revealed that the addition of protein based product increased the ellipticity of the collagen in the experimental sample as compared to control sample. The crust leather showed improved colour, organoleptic and comparable strength properties of the experimental leather.
Keywords
Raw trimming wastes, Protein based product, Chrome tanning, Improved chromium exhaustion, FTIR studies, AFM-SEM EDX-CD studies
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This preprint is under consideration at Environmental Science and Pollution Research. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research Article
James Kanagaraj
central leather research inst
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 1
Posted 16 Mar, 2021
No community comments so far
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 12 Mar, 2021
Review #? received
Received 12 Mar, 2021
Editor invited
On 02 Mar, 2021
Editor assigned
On 25 Feb, 2021
First submitted
On 17 Feb, 2021
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Chrome tanning is one of the popular tanning methods followed globally that generates considerable level of chromium pollution in the resulting effluent. The existing conventional chrome tanning system has to be modified to increase the exhaustion level of chromium in the tanning process. In the present investigation, a protein based product has been developed from raw trimming wastes and applied in chrome tanning process to enhance the exhaustion level of chromium. The experiment conducted using the product at the level of 6% exhibited chromium exhaustion at the level of 93% in the process. FT-IR analysis revealed the presence of peaks for various functional groups namely carboxylic acids, aldehyde, amide and hydroxyl groups for the high exhaust chrome tanning. The shrinkage temperature of the experimental leather was found to be more than 100 o C. Results of microscopic studies from SEM-EDX revealed that enhanced adsorption of chromium up to a level of 5.24 weight % containing chromium with atomic % 1.27 in the sample of 6% co-polymer. AFM images also show increase in adsorption of chromium with increased amount of co-polymer in the solution. Increased interactions between active sites of collagen-complex and chromium resulted into improved exhaustion of chromium as revealed from higher intensities of XRD images. CD spectra revealed that the addition of protein based product increased the ellipticity of the collagen in the experimental sample as compared to control sample. The crust leather showed improved colour, organoleptic and comparable strength properties of the experimental leather.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
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