Ilke De Boek
[61]
|
The clinical potential of multispecies throat spray against covid-19
|
Very limited antiviral activity
|
Negative acute symptom score
|
-
|
Faster recovery and reduction of absolute level of SARS-CoV-2 particles and absolute numbers of specific bacterial pathogens
|
Miriam Dellino
[63]
|
Women affected by HPV infections
|
-
|
Reduced infection signs
|
Higher percentage of clearance of PAP-smear abnormalities
|
potential effect on resolving cervical abnormalities
|
Pedro Gutiérrez-Castrellón
[62]
|
Symptomatic Covid-19 infected adults
|
Complete viral clearance, lower nasopharyngeal viral load
|
Complete symptomatic clearance
|
higher serum titers of SARS-CoV2-binding IgG and IgM
|
Increasing complete viral and symptomatic remission, reducing symptom duration, viral load and lung infiltrates while increasing SARS-CoV2-specific IgM and IgG
|
Fransesco Dl Pierro
[64]
|
HPV-positive women
|
reduction in HPV positivity
|
significant change in CST status
|
increased HPV clearance
|
change in CST status and, in parallel, increased HPV clearance
|
Sukamto Koesnoe
[65]
|
Healthy elderly subjects aged 67 ± 5.6
|
-
|
-
|
a significant increase in post-vaccination seroprotection in groups receiving vaccines with probiotics and without probiotics but not in people who did not get vaccination, The antibody titers peaked out one month post-vaccination
|
no reduction in the relative risk of ILI events was observed in vaccinated individuals, while probiotic supplementation did not influence seroprotection and seroconversion
|
Benjamin H Mullish
[66]
|
Healthy, free-living, overweight and obese adults
|
-
|
Reducing URTI symptoms in overweight and obese people
|
-
|
Reducing URTI symptoms in overweight and obese people
|
Huaqi Wang
[67]
|
Cases of COVID-19
|
-
|
Shorter duration of diarrhea in the probiotics group
|
Higher PCT and CR, plasma albumin and lymphocyte counts and shorter time of negative nucleic acid test
|
Safe and effective and early application is recommended.
|
Qiang Li
[68]
|
Severe COVID-19
|
-
|
Lower rates of secondary infections
|
Increased IL-6 and ESR
|
Effective augmenter of the immunity during the COVID-19
|
Stephen B. Freedman
[69]
|
Acute gastroenteritis in children
|
No difference
|
No difference
|
-
|
Not effective
|
Do Y. Shin
[70]
|
Rotaviral enteritis in infants
|
Decreased viral proliferation and shedding in stool
|
Decreased diarrhea, Improved Vesikari score
|
-
|
Effective
|
Yu C. Ou
[71]
|
HR-HPV colonization
|
No significant difference in the clearance rate
|
-
|
Decreased abnormal/ unsatisfactory pap smear results
|
Not effective in decreasing the clearance rate but effective in improvement of the pathology
|
Nanis G. Allam
[72]
|
Antiviral and immune system improvements of HCV patients
|
Significant decrease
|
Protection against the most 5 common bacteria infect the HCV patients
|
-
|
Effective antiviral and antibacterial activity
|
Ettore Palma
[73]
|
Anti-HPV effects in women with dysbiosis and concomitant HPV-infections
|
Higher rates of HPV clearance
|
-
|
Improved HPV related anomalies in pap smear
|
Effective
|
Christian R. Salazar
[74]
|
Acute respiratory infection in infants
|
-
|
Absence of wheezing at the age of 2 years
|
-
|
Reduced risk of childhood wheezing illnesses at age 2 years
|
Amir Hossein Mohseni
[75]
|
Recurrent genital HSV-2 infections
|
Similar results in decreasing the viral shedding
|
The comparable effects in, resolution of episode, lesion healing time and percentage of pain.
|
-
|
Suppression of the recurrent infection.
|
Biao Wang
[76]
|
Laboratory-confirmed respiratory viral infections
|
-
|
No difference between infection rate or the severity of illness
|
-
|
Further investigations are needed
|
Gabriella d'Ettorre
[77]
|
Gut mucosal integrity in HIV-1 infected patients receiving ART
|
-
|
-
|
Reduced CD4+, CD8 + T-cell, Increased Th17 cells, improved integrity of the gut epithelial barrier, Reduction of intramucosal lymphocyte infiltration and enterocyte apoptosis, Improved mitochondrial morphology
|
Restoring the physical and immunological integrity of the mucosal intestinal barrier in ART-treated HIV + patients
|
Azumi Ishizaki
[78]
|
Immunologic profile, intestinal bacterial translocation, paraclinical assessments in HIV + ART +, HIV + ART -, and HIV - children
|
Decreased viral load in HIV + ART- subgroup
|
Increased height and weight
|
Improved LFT, decreased Hb, increased PLT, Increased Th2, Th17, and Decreased CD8 + activity, Without significant improvements in bacterial translocation
|
Safe and Effective
|
Toshio Fujii
[79]
|
The influenza viral infection in healthy adults
|
-
|
Reduction in the severity of symptoms such as sore throat
|
Increased secretory IgA, phagocytic activity, antiviral gene expression
|
Enhanced immunity and immune related mechanisms
|
Michael Gleeson
[80]
|
URI symptoms and Ab response in healthy adults
|
-
|
No change in the rate of infection
|
Decreased anti-CMV and anti- EBV antibody
|
Reduced plasma CMV and EBV antibody titers
|
Laura Tapiovaara
[81]
|
HRV viral load in healthy individuals
|
No difference
|
-
|
-
|
No difference
|
Gabriella d’Ettorre
[82]
|
Immune system activation and function in HIV-1 infected adults
|
-
|
-
|
Lower CD4 + count but higher immune system activation in HIV patients
|
Reduced mucosal and systemic inflammation
|
Tetsu Sugimura
[83]
|
Pathogenesis and immune response to influenza virus in healthy adults
|
-
|
Amelioration in symptoms severity
|
Increased IFN-a, increased CD86
|
Protection against the pathogenesis of an influenza-like illness.
|
Evette V. Niekerk
[84]
|
The incidence of NEC in premature neonates born from HIV + and HIV- mothers
|
-
|
Decreased NEC in probiotic recipients of both HIV + and HIV- groups, Reduced severity of disease in the HIV-exposed study group
|
-
|
Reduced the incidence of NEC in the premature very low birth weight infants
|
Do K. Lee
[85]
|
Rotaviral diarrhea in children
|
-
|
Decrease the duration of diarrhea and vomiting
|
No significant difference
|
Safe and effective
|
Liisa Lehtoranta
[86]
|
Nasopharyngeal colonization of respiratory viruses in children
|
Reduced the mucosal colonization of picornaviruses after 3 months.
|
No significant reduction in symptomatic cases
|
-
|
Not protective against the incidence of infection
|
Raakel Luoto
[87]
|
Viral URI in preterm neonates
|
-
|
Lower incidence of URI, no difference in duration/ severity of symptoms
|
-
|
Protective against viral URI incidence in preterm neonates
|
Neetu Gautam
[88]
|
Immunologic and clinical outcomes of probiotics in HIV infected children
|
-
|
-
|
Increased CD4+
|
Increased CD4 + counts.
|
Josue P. Santiago
[89]
|
Targeting the alterations of gut microbiota before and after ART in HIV-1 infected patients
|
Negative correlation between proportion of Lactobacillales and viral load
|
-
|
HIV-infected individuals were associated with lower markers of microbial translocation and during ART, higher proportions of gut Lactobacillales were associated with higher CD4%, less microbial translocation, less systemic immune activation, less gut T lymphocyte proliferation, and higher CD4% in the gut.
|
Restoring the immune function during HIV infection
|
Minna Kumpu
[90]
|
Nasopharyngeal colonization of respiratory virus in children
|
-
|
Shorter duration of symptomatic infection, No difference in the frequency of symptomatic infection/ severity of symptoms
|
-
|
Not protective from the incidence but effective in shortening duration of symptoms
|
Veronique Verhoeven
[91]
|
HPV related precancerous lesions
|
No significant difference
|
-
|
Twice chance for clearance of cytological abnormalities in pap smear
|
Enhancement of the clearance of HPV-related cytological abnormalities
|
Ruben Hummelen
[92]
|
Immune function of HIV + patients naive to ART
|
-
|
No difference
|
No difference
|
Not effective
|
Satoru Nagata
[93]
|
Noroviral gastroenteritis in elderly
|
-
|
No difference in the incidence rate, decreased fever duration
|
-
|
Not protective from the incidence but effective in shortening the duration of symptoms
|
Stephanie L. Irvine
[94]
|
Mucosal integrity and opportunistic infections of HIV + patients
|
-
|
Less GI upset and fever incidence
|
-
|
Effective, safe, and tolerable
|
Giuseppe Grandy
[95]
|
Rotaviral diarrhea in children
|
-
|
Decreased duration of diarrhea and fever
|
-
|
Safe and effective
|
Stephanie L. Irvine
[96]
|
CD4 + numbers in HIV + patients
|
-
|
-
|
Increased in CD4 + count
|
Increased CD4 + count
|
Carlos G. Teran
[97]
|
Rotaviral diarrhea in children
|
-
|
Shorter duration of hospitalization and diarrhea in Nitazoxanide and probiotics
|
-
|
Effective more that ORS per se but less than Nitazoxanide
|
Shih-Bin Fang
[98]
|
Rotaviral diarrhea in children
|
Decreased viral shedding in children receiving high dose LAB
|
-
|
-
|
Dose-dependent efficacy of L. rhamnosus
|
Anand Prakash Dubey
[99]
|
Rotaviral diarrhea in children
|
-
|
Earlier improved stool consistency and decrease in frequency of defecation, less need to ORS
|
-
|
Faster recovery, Decreased stool volume losses during diarrhea.
|
Toshio Matsuzaki
[100]
|
HTLV-1 associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis
|
No significant difference in provirus count
|
Improved spasticity and urinary symptoms
|
Increased NK cell activity
|
Safe and effective
|
Shafiqul A. Sarker
[101]
|
Viral diarrhea in children
|
-
|
Decreased stool frequency, stool volume, and ORS intake in non- rotaviral and less sever rotaviral diarrhea
|
-
|
Effective in non-rotaviral diarrhea, but ineffective in rotavirus diarrhea
|
Minna K. Salminen
[102]
|
Amelioration of GI symptoms in HIV + patients on HAART
|
-
|
No difference
|
-
|
Tolerable but without significant effect
|
Emmanuele Mastretta
[103]
|
Prevention of nosocomial rotavirus infections
|
-
|
Not effective
|
-
|
Ineffective in the prevention of infection
|
Bryan W. Wolf
[104]
|
Safety and tolerability of probiotics in HIV + patients
|
-
|
Not significant
|
Not significant
|
Safe and tolerable
|
Heli Majamaa
[105]
|
Acute rotaviral gastroenteritis in children
|
-
|
Decreased duration of diarrhea
|
Increased serum and secretory IgA
|
Enhancement of the serum and intestinal Ab response against rotavirus
|