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Developing and Testing the Effectiveness of a Novel Online Integrated Treatment for Problem Gambling and Tobacco Smoking: A Protocol for an Open Label Randomized Controlled Trial
Matt Keough
York University
Corresponding Author
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Declarations:
View the published version at Trials.
Background: Gambling and tobacco smoking are highly comorbid among North American adults. However, there is a paucity of treatment options that are integrated (i.e., targeting both gambling and tobacco smoking simultaneously), accessible, and evidence based.
Methods: The aim of this two-arm open label randomized controlled trial is to examine the effectiveness of an online, self-guided integrated treatment for problem gambling and tobacco smoking. A target sample of 214 participants will be recruited and be randomized into either an eight-week integrated or gambling-only control condition. Both conditions will consist of seven online modules following cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing principles. Our three primary outcomes are (1) number of days gambled, (2) money spent on gambling activities, and (3) time spent in gambling activities. Secondary outcomes include gambling disorder symptoms, cigarette use, and nicotine dependence symptoms. Assessments will be completed at baseline, at completion (i.e., eight-weeks from baseline), and follow-up (i.e., 24-weeks from baseline). Generalized linear mixed modelling will be used to evaluate our primary and secondary outcomes. We expect that participants receiving online integrated treatment will show larger reductions in gambling relative to those receiving a control gambling only intervention. We further hypothesize that reductions in smoking will mediate these group differences.
Discussion: The rates of problem gambling and tobacco smoking are high in North America; yet, the treatment options for both are limited, with no integrated treatments available. If supported, our pilot study will be a cost-effective and accessible way to improve treatments for co-occurring problem gambling and tobacco use.
Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov; ID NCT03614884. Registered August 3, 2019;
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03614884?term=keough&rank=1
Keywords
problem gambling, tobacco smoking, integrated treatment, cognitive behavioral therapy, motivational interviewing, online, self-help
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Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
Version 2
Posted 23 Sep, 2020
Published
On 19 Nov, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 02 Nov, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 27 Oct, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 05 Oct, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 30 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 28 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 25 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 25 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 25 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 24 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 22 Sep, 2020
No comments provided
Review #3 received
Received 24 Aug, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 24 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 23 Aug, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 14 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 28 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 27 Jul, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 24 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 24 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 18 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 15 Jul, 2020
First submitted
On 10 May, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Psychology
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This preprint is under consideration at Trials. Preprints are preliminary reports that have not undergone peer review. They should not be considered conclusive, used to inform clinical practice, or referenced by the media as validated information.
Learn more about In Review
Study protocol
Developing and Testing the Effectiveness of a Novel Online Integrated Treatment for Problem Gambling and Tobacco Smoking: A Protocol for an Open Label Randomized Controlled Trial
Matt Keough
York University
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Published
Version 2
Posted 23 Sep, 2020
Published
On 19 Nov, 2020
No community comments so far
Editorial decision: Accept
On 02 Nov, 2020
Review #3 received
Received 27 Oct, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 05 Oct, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 30 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 28 Sep, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 25 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 25 Sep, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 25 Sep, 2020
Editor assigned
On 24 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 22 Sep, 2020
No comments provided
Review #3 received
Received 24 Aug, 2020
Editorial decision: Minor revision
On 24 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 23 Aug, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 14 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 28 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 27 Jul, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 24 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 24 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 18 Jul, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 15 Jul, 2020
First submitted
On 10 May, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
Subject Areas
Psychology
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Declarations:
View the published version at Trials.
Background: Gambling and tobacco smoking are highly comorbid among North American adults. However, there is a paucity of treatment options that are integrated (i.e., targeting both gambling and tobacco smoking simultaneously), accessible, and evidence based.
Methods: The aim of this two-arm open label randomized controlled trial is to examine the effectiveness of an online, self-guided integrated treatment for problem gambling and tobacco smoking. A target sample of 214 participants will be recruited and be randomized into either an eight-week integrated or gambling-only control condition. Both conditions will consist of seven online modules following cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing principles. Our three primary outcomes are (1) number of days gambled, (2) money spent on gambling activities, and (3) time spent in gambling activities. Secondary outcomes include gambling disorder symptoms, cigarette use, and nicotine dependence symptoms. Assessments will be completed at baseline, at completion (i.e., eight-weeks from baseline), and follow-up (i.e., 24-weeks from baseline). Generalized linear mixed modelling will be used to evaluate our primary and secondary outcomes. We expect that participants receiving online integrated treatment will show larger reductions in gambling relative to those receiving a control gambling only intervention. We further hypothesize that reductions in smoking will mediate these group differences.
Discussion: The rates of problem gambling and tobacco smoking are high in North America; yet, the treatment options for both are limited, with no integrated treatments available. If supported, our pilot study will be a cost-effective and accessible way to improve treatments for co-occurring problem gambling and tobacco use.
Trial registration: Clinicaltrials.gov; ID NCT03614884. Registered August 3, 2019;
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03614884?term=keough&rank=1
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3