1. Srbely JZ. New trends in the treatment and management of myofascial pain syndrome. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2010;14(5):346-52.
2. Masuda T, Sadoyama T. Distribution of innervation zones in the human biceps brachii. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 1991;1(2):107-15.
3. Barbero M, Cescon C, Tettamanti A et al. Myofascial trigger points and innervation zone locations in upper trapezius muscles. BMC Musculoskeletal Disord 2013;14(1):179.
4. Melzack R, Stillwell DM, Fox EJ. Trigger points and acupuncture points for pain: correlations and implications. Pain 1977 Feb 1;3(1):3-23..
5. Hong CZ, Simons DG. Pathophysiologic and electrophysiologic mechanisms of myofascial trigger points. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1998;79(7):863-72.
6. Gerwin RD, Dommerholt J, Shah JP. An expansion of Simons’ integrated hypothesis of trigger point formation. Current pain and headache reports. 2004 Dec 1;8(6):468-75.
7. Bron C, Dommerholt JD. Etiology of myofascial trigger points. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2012;16(5):439-44.
8. Yu SH, Kim HJ. Electrophysiological characteristics according to activity level of myofascial trigger points. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015;27(9):2841-3.
9. Woolf CJ. Central sensitization: implications for the diagnosis and treatment of pain. Pain 2011;152(3):S2-15.
10. Graven-Nielsen T, Arendt-Nielsen L. Assessment of mechanisms in localized and widespread musculoskeletal pain. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2010;6(10):599.
11. Fernández-de-las-Peñas C, Cuadrado ML, Arendt-Nielsen L et al. Myofascial trigger points and sensitization: an updated pain model for tension-type headache. Cephalalgia 2007;27(5):383-93.
12. Kim Y, Kim J, Shim JK et al. The hypoalgesic effect of remote tactile sensory modulation on the mechanical sensitivity of trigger points: A randomized controlled study. NeuroRehabilitation 2014;35(3):607-14.
13. LaMotte RH, Lundberg LE, Torebjörk HE. Pain, hyperalgesia and activity in nociceptive C units in humans after intradermal injection of capsaicin. J Physiol 1992;448(1):749-64.
14. Srbely JZ, Dickey JP, Bent LR, Lee D, Lowerison M. Capsaicin-induced central sensitization evokes segmental increases in trigger point sensitivity in humans. J Pain 2010;11(7):636-43.
15. Torebjörk HE, Lundberg LE, LaMotte RH. Central changes in processing of mechanoreceptive input in capsaicin‐induced secondary hyperalgesia in humans. J Physiol 1992;448(1):765-80.
16. Dideriksen JL, Holobar A, Falla D. Preferential distribution of nociceptive input to motoneurons with muscle units in the cranial portion of the upper trapezius muscle. J Neurophysiol 2016;116(2):611-8.
17. Falla D, Farina D. Motor units in cranial and caudal regions of the upper trapezius muscle have different discharge rates during brief static contractions. Acta physiologica 2008;192(4):551-8.
18. Lee U, Kim M, Lee K et al. Functional Brain Network Mechanism of Hypersensitivity in Chronic Pain. Scientific Rep 2018;8(1):243.
19. Schmidt-Wilcke T, Clauw DJ. Fibromyalgia: from pathophysiology to therapy. Nature Rev Rheumatol 2011;7(9):518.
20. Henneman E, Somjen G, Carpenter DO. Functional significance of cell size in spinal motoneurons. J Neurophysiol 1965;28(3):560-80.
21. Henneman E, Mendell LM. Functional organization of motoneuron pool and its inputs. Handbook of Physiology. The Nervous System. Motor Control. 1981;1:423-507.
22. Ertas M, Stålberg E, Falck B. Can the size principle be detected in conventional EMG recordings?. Muscle & Nerve 1995;18(4):435-9.
23. Vilensky JA, Gilman S. Renaming the" Henneman Size Principle". Science 1998;280(5372):2027-.
24. Szolcsanyi J. A pharmacological approach to elucidation of the role of different nerve fibres and receptor endings in mediation of pain. J Physiologie 1977;73(3):251-9.
25. Carpenter SE, Lynn B. Vascular and sensory responses of human skin to mild injury after topical treatment with capsaicin. Br J Pharmacol 1981;73(3):755-8.
26. Simone DA, Baumann TK, LaMotte RH. Dose-dependent pain and mechanical hyperalgesia in humans after intradermal injection of capsaicin. Pain 1989;38(1):99-107.
27. Ishimaru K, Kawakita K, Sakita M. Analgesic effects induced by TENS and electroacupuncture with different types of stimulating electrodes on deep tissues in human subjects. Pain 1995;63(2):181-7.
28. Langevin HM, Fox JR, Koptiuch C et al. Reduced thoracolumbar fascia shear strain in human chronic low back pain. BMC Musculoskel Dis 2011;12(1):203.
29. Schilder A, Hoheisel U, Magerl W et al. Sensory findings after stimulation of the thoracolumbar fascia with hypertonic saline suggest its contribution to low back pain. Pain 2014;155(2):222-31.
30. Barbero M, Gatti R, Conte LL et al. Reliability of surface EMG matrix in locating the innervation zone of upper trapezius muscle. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2011;21(5):827-33.
31. Kumbhare D, Shaw S, Grosman‐Rimon L, Noseworthy MD. J Ultrasound Med 2017; 36(12):2559-68.
32. Kumbhare DA, Ahmed S, Behr MG, Noseworthy MD. Crit Rev Biomed Eng 2018;46(1).
33. Farina D, Madeleine P, Graven-Nielsen T et al. Standardising surface electromyogram recordings for assessment of activity and fatigue in the human upper trapezius muscle. Eur J App Physio 2002;86(6):469-78.
34. Holobar A, Zazula D. Correlation-based decomposition of surface electromyograms at low contraction forces. Med & Bio Eng and Comput 2004;42(4):487-95.
35. Holobar A, Zazula D. Multichannel blind source separation using convolution kernel compensation. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 2007;55(9):4487-96.
36. Holobar A, Farina D, Gazzoni M et al. Estimating motor unit discharge patterns from high-density surface electromyogram. Clin Neurophysio 2009;120(3):551-62.
37. Holobar A, Minetto MA, Botter A et al. Experimental analysis of accuracy in the identification of motor unit spike trains from high-density surface EMG. IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering 2010;18(3):221-9.
38. Holobar A, Glaser V, Gallego JA et al. Non-invasive characterization of motor unit behaviour in pathological tremor. J Neur Eng 2012;9(5):056011.
39. Bandholm, T., Rasmussen, L., Aagaard, P., Diederichsen, L., & Jensen, B. R. (2008). Effects of experimental muscle pain on shoulder-abduction force steadiness and muscle activity in healthy subjects. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 102(6), 643-650.
40. Huynh H, Feldt LS. Estimation of the Box correction for degrees of freedom from sample data in randomized block and split-plot designs. J Edu Stat 1976;1(1):69-82.
41. Shah JP, Gilliams EA. Uncovering the biochemical milieu of myofascial trigger points using in vivo microdialysis: an application of muscle pain concepts to myofascial pain syndrome. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2008;12(4):371-84..
42. Falla D, Farina D, Graven-Nielsen T. Experimental muscle pain results in reorganization of coordination among trapezius muscle subdivisions during repetitive shoulder flexion. Exp Brain Res 2007;178(3):385-93.
43. Mclean L, Urquhart N. The influence of psychological stressors on myoelectrical signal activity in the shoulder region during a data entry task. Work Stress 2002;16(2):138-53.
44. Westad C. Motor control of the upper trapezius. 2005
45. Sikdar S, Shah JP, Gebreab T, Yen RH, Gilliams E, Danoff J, Gerber LH. Novel applications of ultrasound technology to visualize and characterize myofascial trigger points and surrounding soft tissue. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2009;90:1829-38
46. Lewis J, Tehan P. A blinded pilot study investigating the use of diagnostic ultrasound for detecting active myofascial trigger points. Pain. 1999;79:39-44.
47. Shankar H, Reddy S. Two- and three-dimensional ultrasound imaging to facilitate detection and targeting of taut bands in myofascial pain syndrome. Pain Med. 2012;13:971-5.
48. Sikdar S, Shah JP, Gilliams E, Gebreab T, Gerber LH. Assessment of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs): a new application of ultrasound imaging and vibration sonoelastography. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2008;5585-8.
49. International Association for the Study of Pain. (2018). IASP terminology. Retrieved from https://www.iasp-pain.org/Education/Content.aspx?ItemNumber=1698