1.Topliss CJ, Jackson M, Atkins R: Anatomy of pilon fractures of the distal tibia. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2005, 87:692–697.
2.Cole PA, Mehrle RK, Bhandari M, Zlowodzki M: The pilon map: fracture lines and comminution zones in OTA/AO type 43C3 pilon fractures. J Orthop Trauma 2013, 27(7):e152–156.
3.Borrelli J, Jr., Ellis E: Pilon fractures: assessment and treatment. The Orthopedic clinics of North America 2002, 33(1):231–245, x.
4.Marsh JL, Weigel DP, Dirschl DR: Tibial plafond fractures. How do these ankles function over time? J Bone Joint Surg Am 2003, 85-A(2):287–295.
5.Mehta S, Gardner MJ, Barei DP, Benirschke SK, Nork SE: Reduction strategies through the anterolateral exposure for fixation of type B and C pilon fractures. J Orthop Trauma 2011, 25(2):116–122.
6.Ruedi T: Fractures of the lower end of the tibia into the ankle joint: results 9 years after open reduction and internal fixation. Injury 1973, 5(2):130–134.
7.Assal M, Ray A, Stern R: The extensile approach for the operative treatment of high-energy pilon fractures: surgical technique and soft-tissue healing. J Orthop Trauma 2007, 21(3):198–206.
8.Bhattacharyya T, Crichlow R, Gobezie R, Kim E, Vrahas MS: Complications associated with the posterolateral approach for pilon fractures. J Orthop Trauma 2006, 20(2):104–107.
9.Sirkin M, Sanders R, DiPasquale T, Herscovici D, Jr.: A staged protocol for soft tissue management in the treatment of complex pilon fractures. J Orthop Trauma 1999, 13(2):78–84.
10.Chen DW, Li B, Yang YF, Yu GR: Posterior pilon fractures. Foot Ankle Int 2013, 34(5):766–767.
11.Ebraheim N, Sabry FF, Mehalik JN: Intraoperative Imaging of the Tibial Plafond Fracture: A Potential Pitfall. Foot Ankle Int 2000, 21.
12.Graves ML, Kosko J, Barei DP, Taitsman LA, Tarquinio TA, Russell GV, Woodall J, Porter SE: Lateral Ankle Radiographs: Do We Really Understand What We Are Seeing? J Orthop Trauma 2011, 25:106–109.
13.Tornetta P, Gorup J: Axial Computed Tomography of Pilon Fractures. Clin Orthop 1996, 323:273–276.
14.Egol KA, Weisz R, Hiebert R, Tejwani NC, Koval KJ, Sanders RW: Does fibular plating improve alignment after intramedullary nailing of distal metaphyseal tibia fractures? J Orthop Trauma 2006, 20(2):94–103.
15.Tornetta P, 3rd, Bergman M, Watnik N, Berkowitz G, Steuer J: Treatment of grade-IIIb open tibial fractures. A prospective randomised comparison of external fixation and non-reamed locked nailing. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1994, 76(1):13–19.
16.Atesok K, Finkelstein J, Khoury A, Peyser A, Weil Y, Liebergall M, Mosheiff R: The use of intraoperative three-dimensional imaging (ISO-C–3D) in fixation of intraarticular fractures. Injury 2007, 38:1163–1169.
17.Geerling J, Kendoff D, Citak M, Zech S, Gardner MJ, Hüfner T, Krettek C, Richter M: Intraoperative 3D imaging in calcaneal fracture care-clinical implications and decision making. J Trauma 2009, 66:768–773.
18.Kendoff D, Ortega G, Citak M, Citak M, Hufner T, Krettek C, Olivier LC: Limitations and pitfalls of 3-D fluoroscopic navigation in orthopaedic trauma surgery. Technology and health care: official journal of the European Society for Engineering and Medicine 2009, 17(2):133–140.
19.Richter M, Geerling J, Zech S, Goesling T, Krettek C: Intraoperative three-dimensional imaging with a motorized mobile C-arm (SIREMOBIL ISO-C–3D) in foot and ankle trauma care: a preliminary report. J Orthop Trauma 2005, 19:259–266.
20.Richter M, Zech S: Intraoperative 3-dimensional imaging in foot and ankle trauma-experience with a second-generation device (ARCADIS–3D). J Orthop Trauma 2009, 23:213–220.
21.Rübberdt A, Feil R, Stengel D, Spranger N, Mutze S, Wich M, Ekkernkamp A: The clinical use of the ISO-C(3D) imaging system in calcaneus fracture surgery. Unfallchirurg 2006, 109:112–118.
22.Vetter SY, Euler F, von Recum J, Wendl K, Grutzner PA, Franke J: Impact of Intraoperative Cone Beam Computed Tomography on Reduction Quality and Implant Position in Treatment of Tibial Plafond Fractures. Foot Ankle Int 2016, 37(9):977–982.
23.von Recum J, Wendl K, Vock B, Grutzner PA, Franke J: [Intraoperative 3D C-arm imaging. State of the art]. Unfallchirurg 2012, 115(3):196–201.
24.Cisneros LN, Gomez M, Alvarez C, Millan A, De Caso J, Soria L: Comparison of outcome of tibial plafond fractures managed by hybrid external fixation versus two-stage management with final plate fixation. Indian journal of orthopaedics 2016, 50(2):123–130.
25.Stengel D, Knof I, Ekkernkamp A, Ottersbach C, Seifert J: Intraarticular fractures of the tibial plafond: Functional outcome and health-related quality of life after surgery. Trauma und Berufskrankheit 2011, 13(1):5–11.
26.Anglen JO, Aleto T: Temporary transarticular external fixation of the knee and ankle. J Orthop Trauma 1998, 12(6):431–434.
27.Nork SE, Schwartz AK, Agel J, Holt SK, Schrick JL, Winquist RA: Intramedullary nailing of distal metaphyseal tibial fractures. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2005, 87(6):1213–1221.
28.Ristiniemi J, Flinkkila T, Hyvonen P, Lakovaara M, Pakarinen H, Biancari F, Jalovaara P: Two-ring hybrid external fixation of distal tibial fractures: a review of 47 cases. J Trauma 2007, 62(1):174–183.
29.Robinson CM, McLauchlan GJ, McLean IP, Court-Brown CM: Distal metaphyseal fractures of the tibia with minimal involvement of the ankle. Classification and treatment by locked intramedullary nailing. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1995, 77(5):781–787.
30.De-Las-Heras-Romero J, Lledo-Alvarez AM, Lizaur-Utrilla A, Lopez-Prats FA: Quality of life and prognostic factors after intra-articular tibial pilon fracture. Injury 2017, 48(6):1258–1263.
31.Hahn MP, Thies JW: Pilon tibiale fractures. Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift fur alle Gebiete der operativen Medizen 2004, 75(2):211–230.
32.Puno RM, Vaughan JJ, Stetten ML, Johnson JR: Long-term effects of tibial angular malunion on the knee and ankle joints. J Orthop Trauma 1991, 5(3):247–254.
33.Resch H, Pechlaner S, Benedetto KP: Long-term results after conservative and surgical treatment of fractures of the distal end of the tibia. Aktuelle Traumatologie 1986, 16(3):117–123.
34.Tarr RR, Resnick CT, Wagner KS, Sarmiento A: Changes in tibiotalar joint contact areas following experimentally induced tibial angular deformities. Clinical orthopaedics and related research 1985(199):72–80.
35.Verheyden P, Josten C: Supramalleolar corrective osteotomy. Der Chirurg; Zeitschrift fur alle Gebiete der operativen Medizen 1998, 69(11):1178–1187.
36.Ma L, Zheng LW, Sham MH, Cheung LK: Uncoupled angiogenesis and osteogenesis in nicotine-compromised bone healing. Journal of bone and mineral research: the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 2010, 25(6):1305–1313.
37.Fuegener S, Hoff P, Lang A, Gaber T, Rakow A, Simon P, Burmester G-R, Perka C, Buttgereit F: SAT0090 Analysis of Potential Risk Factors for Delayed Fracture-Healing. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 2014, 73(Suppl 2):622–623.
38.Zhao S, Chen F, Wang D, Wang H, Han W, Zhang Y: Effect of preoperative smoking cessation on postoperative pain outcomes in elderly patients with high nicotine dependence. Medicine 2019, 98(3):e14209.
39.Andorsen OF, Ahmed LA, Emaus N, Klouman E: A prospective cohort study on risk factors of musculoskeletal complaints (pain and/or stiffness) in a general population. The Tromso study. PloS one 2017, 12(7):e0181417.