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Research article
Jiao Guo
Guangdong Pharmaceutical College: Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
Corresponding Author
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background
Pre-diabetes mellitus (PDM) is considered an early warning signal of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, most studies only analyze the risk factors of diabetes, ignore the exploration of PDM. The aim of this study was to investigate the independent and combined impacts of overweight obesity and smoking on the risk of PDM and T2DM.
Methods
28,208 patients with T2DM were selected from 5 cities in the Pearl River Delta, Guangdong Province, China. According to the same region, gender and age difference less than 5 years old, 28208 patients with PDM and 28208 patients with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were randomly selected. We analyzed the influential factors of PDM,T2DM and the interaction between smoking and overweight and obesity on using ordered multi-class logistic regression and multi-class results non-conditional logistic regression.
Results
Overweight and obesity (OR = 1.427,95%CI:1.388 ~ 1.468; OR = 1.829,95%CI:1.753 ~ 1.908) and smoking (OR = 1.161,95%CI:1.113 ~ 1.212) were risk factors for the onset of T2DM by ordered multiple Logistic regression. Furthermore, both in the comparison of NGT, PDM and NGT, T2DM, the results showed that overweight, obesity and smoking were risk factors for both PDM and T2DM too. And we found there was an additive interaction between overweight obesity and smoking in the developing of T2DM. Moreover, there would be 0.196(0.051 ~ 0.341) relative excess risk due to the additive interaction, 9.1% (2.0%-16.1%) of T2DM exposed to both risk factors was attributable to the additive interaction, and the risk of T2DM in overweight and obese smokers was 1.203(1.004–1.402) times as high as the sum of risks in the participants exposed to a single risk factor alone too.
Conclusions
Overweight obesity and smoking are the risk factors for the onset of T2DM. The risk of the coexistence of both factors is greater than that of single factors. Early weight control and positive smoking control are beneficial to prevent and delay the occurrence of T2DM.
Keywords
smoking, overweight and obesity, T2DM, PDM, interaction
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This preprint is under consideration at BMC Public Health. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Jiao Guo
Guangdong Pharmaceutical College: Guangdong Pharmaceutical University
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 1
Posted 10 Mar, 2021
No community comments so far
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 11 Mar, 2021
Editor assigned
On 07 Mar, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 05 Mar, 2021
Editor invited
On 03 Mar, 2021
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background
Pre-diabetes mellitus (PDM) is considered an early warning signal of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, most studies only analyze the risk factors of diabetes, ignore the exploration of PDM. The aim of this study was to investigate the independent and combined impacts of overweight obesity and smoking on the risk of PDM and T2DM.
Methods
28,208 patients with T2DM were selected from 5 cities in the Pearl River Delta, Guangdong Province, China. According to the same region, gender and age difference less than 5 years old, 28208 patients with PDM and 28208 patients with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were randomly selected. We analyzed the influential factors of PDM,T2DM and the interaction between smoking and overweight and obesity on using ordered multi-class logistic regression and multi-class results non-conditional logistic regression.
Results
Overweight and obesity (OR = 1.427,95%CI:1.388 ~ 1.468; OR = 1.829,95%CI:1.753 ~ 1.908) and smoking (OR = 1.161,95%CI:1.113 ~ 1.212) were risk factors for the onset of T2DM by ordered multiple Logistic regression. Furthermore, both in the comparison of NGT, PDM and NGT, T2DM, the results showed that overweight, obesity and smoking were risk factors for both PDM and T2DM too. And we found there was an additive interaction between overweight obesity and smoking in the developing of T2DM. Moreover, there would be 0.196(0.051 ~ 0.341) relative excess risk due to the additive interaction, 9.1% (2.0%-16.1%) of T2DM exposed to both risk factors was attributable to the additive interaction, and the risk of T2DM in overweight and obese smokers was 1.203(1.004–1.402) times as high as the sum of risks in the participants exposed to a single risk factor alone too.
Conclusions
Overweight obesity and smoking are the risk factors for the onset of T2DM. The risk of the coexistence of both factors is greater than that of single factors. Early weight control and positive smoking control are beneficial to prevent and delay the occurrence of T2DM.
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