Rahman, et al. 2022 (19) | Randomized controlled trial | Education video provided through WhatsApp, followed by weekly reminder. | Education given by nurses with antenatal book to assist. | Hemoglobin level was the major outcome, whereas knowledge level on anemia in pregnancy and attitude toward iron supplementation were supplementary outcomes. | The "MyPinkMom" program was found to have a positive impact on various factors related to anemia in pregnancy. Specifically, participants demonstrated an increase in hemoglobin levels (mean = 10.75, SD = 0.48), iron intake (mean = 20.55, SD = 5.12), awareness of anemia in pregnancy (mean = 26.41, SD = 2.17), and attitude score (mean = 6.44, SD = 0.69) following their involvement in the program. |
Sontakke, et al. 2022 (20) | Randomized controlled trial | Standard therapy followed by mobile phone call reminders. | Standard therapy alone. | Improved compliance of iron supplementation pregnant women using mobile phone call reminders. | The intervention group demonstrated a greater degree of adherence to iron supplementation as compared to the group that did not receive the intervention. The results of the study indicate that there was a significant increase in the mean hemoglobin concentration (0.96 gm/dl) in the study group as compared to the control group (0.59 gm/dl), with a p-value of less than 0.00001. |
Elsharkawy, et al. 2021(21) | Randomized controlled trial | The Information Package Program (HIPP) is a health education initiative that utilizes the WhatsApp platform to deliver follow-up educational health messages and reminders. | Standard antenatal care entails regular monitoring of vital signs, such as blood pressure and heart rate, as well as conducting assessments of weight, blood and urine samples, and physical examinations. | Enhancing awareness regarding anemia, adherence to iron supplementation, and hemoglobin levels among pregnant women diagnosed with anemia. | The study findings indicate a significant statistical difference (p 0.001) in the proportion of individuals who consistently consumed their IFA supplements between the intervention group (90.8%) and the control group (66.4%). |
Singh, et al. 2020 (22) | Randomized controlled trial | Monitoring and supervision through mobile phone text messaging | | The utilization of female community health volunteers for capacity building and text messaging interventions directed towards expectant mothers could potentially enhance gestational weights and hemoglobin levels in pregnant women. | Hemoglobin levels improve with FCHV capacity enhancement and mobile text messaging for expecting mothers. Hemoglobin levels were significantly different in pregnant women with different education levels. Higher-educated people had a mean (SD) hemoglobin level of 11.89 mg/dl (0.90 mg/dl) compared to 11.16 (1.02 mg/dl) in the control group. Its p-value was 0.012. |
Ainscough, et al. 2019(23) | Randomized controlled trial | The impact of the PEARS behavioural lifestyle intervention, which is complemented by a smartphone application, on maternal dietary intake, including iron supplementation. | Conventional care that lacks dietary guidance. | Improving dietary intakes (include iron tablets) on maternal through PEARS behavioural lifestyle supported by a smartphone app. | The utilization of a smartphone application to support a behavioural-lifestyle intervention during pregnancy resulted in enhancements in dietary intakes, physical activity, and motivation to participate in exercise. The utilization of a smartphone application to support a behavioral-lifestyle intervention during pregnancy resulted in improved dietary intakes. |
Choudhury, A., and Choudhury, M. 2022 (24) | Randomized controlled trial | Maternal care through mHealth app | Maternal care through traditional intervention (verbally) | Using mHealth application called “Mobile for Mothers” as tool to improve maternal health awareness and maternal behavioral change (include iron tablet consumption) | The intervention group exhibited a significant increase in the consumption of iron tablets (P = 0.001), with the number of participants consuming iron tablets rising from 193 out of 288 at starting point to 612 out of 663 at the completion. |
Khorshid, et al. 2014 (25) | Randomized controlled trial | Received 100 iron tablets followed by three reminders and four educational health messages for every weeks during 12 weeks | Received 100 iron tablets and information how to use it properly | Improving iron supplementation compliance among pregnant women using SMS utilization | The intervention group exhibited a significantly higher compliance rate for iron supplements (94%) compared to the control group (66%), as evidenced by a statistically significant result (P = 0.003). |