Color is a visual cue that can convey emotions and attract attention, and there is no doubt that brightness is an important element of color differentiation. To examine the effect of art training on color perception, 44 participants with or without art training were assigned to two groups for an experiment. They scored emotional responses to color stimuli of different brightness levels based on the Munsell color system, and their EEG data was recorded simultaneously. The behavioral results revealed that high-brightness colors were rated more positively than low-brightness colors for both groups. Additionally, evoked event-related oscillation (ERO) results showed that the high-brightness stimuli for the artist group also elicited large delta, theta, alpha, and low gamma responses. Similarly, event-related potential (ERP) results for the artist group showed that high-brightness colors enhanced P2 and P3 amplitudes. Furthermore, non-artists had a shorter P2 latency and a longer N2 latency than artists, and there was a significant group × brightness interaction for the N2 and P3 components separately. Simple-effect analysis showed that N2 and P3 amplitudes for the artistic group were substantially higher for high-brightness stimuli than for lower-brightness stimuli, but not for the non-artist group. These results imply that high-brightness color stimuli trigger more positive emotions and attract stronger attention, and artistic training has a positive effect on top-down visual perception.