Funding
The project received funding from the programme "Profilbildung 2020", an initiative of the Ministry of Culture and Science of the State of Northrhine Westphalia. The sole responsibility for the content of this publication lies with the authors.
The primary sources of funding for ConLi+Gen were grants RI 908/7-1, FOR2107 and RI 908/11-1 from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (Marcella Rietschel) and grant NO 246/10-1 (Markus M. Nöthen) and grant ZIA-MH00284311 from the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute of Mental Health (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00001174). The genotyping was funded in part by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research through the Integrated Network IntegraMent (Integrated Understanding of Causes and Mechanisms in Mental Disorders), under the auspices of the e:Med Programme (Thomas G. Schulze, Marcella Rietschel and Markus M. Nöthen). The Canadian part of the study was supported by grant #166098 from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and by a grant from Genome Atlantic/Research Nova Scotia (Martin Alda). Collection and phenotyping of the Australian University of New South Wales sample was funded by Program Grant 1037196 from the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (Philip B. Mitchell, Peter R. Schofield, Janice M. Fullerton), and acknowledges support from Lansdowne Foundation, Betty Lynch OAM (dec) and the Janette Mary O’Neill Fellowship. Azmeraw T. Amare is supported by the 2019–2021 National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression (NARSAD) Young Investigator Grant from the Brain & Behaviour Research Foundation (BBRF) and National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Emerging Leadership Investigator Grant 2021 – 2008000. The collection of the Barcelona sample was supported by grants PI080247, PI1200906, PI12/00018, 2014SGR1636, 2014SGR398, and MSII14/00030 from the Centro de Investigación en Red de Salud Mental, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, the Centres de Recerca de Catalunya Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya, and the Miguel Servet II and Instituto de Salud Carlos III. The Swedish Research Council, the Stockholm County Council, Karolinska Institutet and the Söderström-Königska Foundation supported this research through grants awarded to Lena Backlund, Louise Frisen, Catharina Lavebratt and Martin Schalling. The collection of the Geneva sample was supported by grants Synapsy–The Synaptic Basis of Mental Diseases 51NF40-158776 and 32003B-125469 from the Swiss National Foundation. The work by the French group was supported by INSERM (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), AP-HP (Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris), the Fondation FondaMental (RTRS Santé Mentale), and the labex Bio-PSY (Investissements d'Avenir program managed by the ANR under reference ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02). The collection of the Romanian sample was supported by a grant from UEFISCDI, Bucharest, Romania (grants PCCA-89/2012; PCE-203/2021) to Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu. The collection of the Czech sample was supported by the project Nr. LO1611 with a financial support from the MEYS under the NPU I program and by the Czech Science Foundation, grant Nr. 17-07070S. Biju Viswanath is funded by the Intermediate (Clinical and PublicHealth) Fellowship (IA/CPHI/20/1/505266) of the DBT/Wellcome Trust India Alliance.
Author contributions
MHR processed and analyzed the data, and prepared the manuscript. KGF performed the machine learning screenings. BTB conceived the study and critically revised the manuscript. All ConLi+Gen members contributed clinical and genetic data. All authors provided overall feedback on the manuscript.
Conflict of interests
Eduard Vieta has received grants and served as consultant, advisor or CME speaker for the following entities: AB-Biotics, Abbvie, Almirall, Allergan, Angelini, AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma, Farmindustria, Ferrer, Forest Research Institute, Gedeon Richter, GH Research, Glaxo-Smith-Kline, Janssen, Lundbeck, Orion, Otsuka, Pfizer, Roche, Rovi, Sanofi-Aventis, Servier, Shire, Sunovion, Takeda, the Brain and Behaviour Foundation, the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (CIBERSAM), the Stanley Medical Research Institute and Viatris. Michael Bauer has received grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), and Bundesministeriums für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF), and served as consultant, advisor or CME speaker for the following entities: Allergan, Aristo, Janssen, Lilly, Lundbeck, neuraxpharm, Otsuka, Sandoz, Servier and Sunovion outside the submitted work. Sarah Kittel-Schneider has received grants and served as consultant, advisor or speaker for the following entities: Medice Arzneimittel Pütter GmbH and Takeda. Bernhard Baune has received grants and served as consultant, advisor or CME speaker for the following entities: AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Servier, the National Health and Medical Research Council, the Fay Fuller Foundation, the James and Diana Ramsay Foundation. Tadafumi Kato received honoraria for lectures, manuscripts, and/or consultancy, from Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co, Ltd, Eli Lilly Japan K.K., Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, GlaxoSmithKline K.K., Taisho Toyama Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma Co, Ltd, Meiji Seika Pharma Co, Ltd, Pfizer Japan Inc., Mochida Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, Shionogi & Co, Ltd, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., Janssen Asia Pacific, Yoshitomiyakuhin, Astellas Pharma Inc, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd, Wiley Publishing Japan, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co Ltd, Kanae Foundation for the Promotion of Medical Science, MSD K.K., Kyowa Pharmaceutical Industry Co, Ltd and Takeda Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd. Tadafumi Kato also received a research grant from Takeda Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd. Peter Falkai has received grants and served as consultant, advisor or CME speaker for the following entities Abbott, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, Essex, Lundbeck, Otsuka, Gedeon Richter, Servier and Takeda as well as the German Ministry of Science and the German Ministry of Health. Eva Reininghaus has received grants and served as consultant, advisor or CME speaker for the following entities: Janssen and Institut Allergosan. Mikael Landén has received lecture honoraria from Lundbeck. Kazufumi Akiyama has received consulting honoraria from Taisho Toyama Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd. Scott Clark has received grants and served as consultant, advisor or CME speaker for the following entities: Otsuka Austalia, Lundbeck Australia, Janssen-Cilag Australia, Servier Australia. The rest of authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.