Among overall 1709 patients, poor CCs occurred in 230 Mets (25.6%) and 140 non Mets patients (17.2%), respectively (P < 0.001). There were no signifcant diferences in the age and gender between Mets and non Mets patients with poor CCs. Compared to good CCs, the incidence of HT and T2MD were significantly higher in poor CCs for all patients (all P < 0.001). The DBP, TG and GA levels were more elevated in patients with poor CCs for all patients (all P < 0.001). Similarly, the poor CCs showed significantly higher SBP, FBG and TC levels than the Good CC for overall and METs subgroup (all P < 0.05). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in medical treatments in overall group and subgroups (Table 1).
Table 1
clinical characteristics in METs and No METs patients with poor and good collateralization.
Variables
|
Overall
|
METs
|
No METs
|
Poor collateralization
n = 370
|
Good collateralization
n = 1339
|
PValue
|
Poor collateralization
n = 230
|
Good collateralization
n = 667
|
PValue
|
Poor collateralization
n = 140
|
Good collateralization
n = 672
|
PValue
|
Male,n(%)
|
305(82.4)
|
1107(82.7)
|
0.914
|
179(77.8)
|
527(79.0)
|
0.705
|
126(90.0)
|
580(86.3)
|
0.238
|
Age,years
|
58.0 ± 10.5
|
59.3 ± 10.2
|
0.03
|
57.5 ± 10.6
|
59.0 ± 10.2
|
0.059
|
58.8 ± 10.4
|
59.6 ± 10.3
|
0.404
|
BMI,Kg/m2
|
28.2 ± 3.7
|
26.0 ± 3.0
|
< 0.001
|
28.9 ± 4.0
|
26.9 ± 3.1
|
< 0.001
|
27.0 ± 2.7
|
25.2 ± 2.7
|
< 0.001
|
HT, n(%)
|
265(71.6)
|
845(63.1)
|
0.002
|
188(81.7)
|
517(77.5)
|
0.178
|
77(55.0)
|
328(48.8)
|
0.183
|
T2DM,n(%)
|
162(43.8)
|
432(32.3)
|
< 0.001
|
121(52.6)
|
299(44.6)
|
0.041
|
41(29.3)
|
133(19.8)
|
0.013
|
Renal disease,n(%)
|
11(3.0)
|
27(2.0)
|
0.269
|
8(3.5)
|
15(2.2)
|
0.309
|
3(2.1)
|
1(1.8)
|
0.775
|
Metabolic syndrome,n(%)
|
230(62.2)
|
667(49.8)
|
< 0.001
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
Former smoker,n(%)
|
60(16.2)
|
217(16.2)
|
0.996
|
34(14.8)
|
101(15.1)
|
0.895
|
26(18.6)
|
116(17.3)
|
0.711
|
Current smoker,n(%)
|
148(40.0)
|
555(41.4)
|
0.616
|
82(35.7)
|
278(41.7)
|
0.108
|
66(47.1)
|
277(41.2)
|
0.197
|
Prior MI,n(%)
|
106(28.6)
|
377(28.2)
|
0.852
|
65(28.3)
|
201(30.1)
|
0.592
|
41(29.3)
|
176(26.2)
|
0.452
|
Stroke,n(%)
|
20(5.4)
|
89(6.6)
|
0.387
|
14(6.1)
|
49(7.3)
|
0.519
|
6(4.3)
|
40(6.0)
|
0.438
|
History of PCI,n(%)
|
113(30.5)
|
405(30.2)
|
0.913
|
74(32.2)
|
223(33.4)
|
0.726
|
39(27.9)
|
182(27.1)
|
0.852
|
History of CABG,n(%)
|
14(3.8)
|
41(3.1)
|
0.486
|
8(3.5)
|
27(4.0)
|
0.700
|
6(4.3)
|
14(2.1)
|
0.126
|
SBP,mmHg
|
132.6 ± 16.1
|
127.2 ± 16.0
|
< 0.001
|
135.3 ± 15.4
|
128.5 ± 16.3
|
< 0.001
|
128.1 ± 16.3
|
125.9 ± 15.7
|
0.128
|
DBP,mmHg
|
79.5 ± 11.7
|
75.5 ± 10.6
|
< 0.001
|
81.0 ± 11.9
|
76.1 ± 10.6
|
< 0.001
|
77.0 ± 11.0
|
75.0 ± 10.5
|
0.036
|
HR,bpm
|
71.5 ± 9.4
|
72.0 ± 10.5
|
0.399
|
71.7 ± 9.6
|
72.6 ± 10.5
|
0.245
|
71.2 ± 9.2
|
71.4 ± 10.5
|
0.806
|
FBG, mmol/L
|
6.2(5.1,7.7)
|
5.9(5.1,7.7)
|
0.02
|
6.8(5.7,8.9)
|
6.4(5.5,8.2)
|
0.037
|
5.4(4.9,6.7)
|
5.3(4.9,6.0)
|
0.180
|
TG, mmol/L
|
1.6(1.2,2.4)
|
1.4(1.1,2.0)
|
< 0.001
|
2.0(1.6,2.8)
|
1.9(1.3,2.5)
|
0.002
|
1.2(1.1,1.6)
|
1.1(0.9,1.4)
|
< 0.001
|
TC, mmol/L
|
4.1 ± 1.3
|
3.8 ± 1.0
|
0.001
|
4.1 ± 1.5
|
3.9 ± 1.1
|
0.006
|
4.0 ± 1.0
|
3.8 ± 1.0
|
0.137
|
LDL-C,mmol/L
|
2.3 ± 1.0
|
2.2 ± 0.9
|
0.2
|
2.3 ± 1.1
|
2.2 ± 0.9
|
0.318
|
2.4 ± 0.9
|
2.3 ± 0.9
|
0.313
|
HDL-C, mmol/L
|
1.0(0.8,1.1)
|
1.0(0.9,1.2)
|
0.007
|
0.9(0.8,1.0)
|
0.9(0.8,1.0)
|
0.473
|
1.1(0.9,1.2)
|
1.1(1.0,1.3)
|
0.499
|
WBC,1012/L
|
7.1 ± 1.8
|
7.0 ± 1.9
|
0.381
|
7.0 ± 1.8
|
7.1 ± 1.9
|
0.526
|
7.1 ± 1.8
|
6.8 ± 1.8
|
0.07
|
HGB, g/L
|
144(133,153)
|
142(132,152)
|
0.151
|
143(133,153)
|
142(132,152)
|
0.313
|
144(134,152)
|
142(132,152)
|
0.330
|
PLT,109/L
|
216.7 ± 55.0
|
218.6 ± 57.3
|
0.583
|
218.8 ± 55.7
|
219.9 ± 57.3
|
0.803
|
213.4 ± 53.7
|
217.3 ± 57.4
|
0.461
|
Cr, µmol/L
|
78.5 ± 21.3
|
77.2 ± 32.9
|
0.483
|
78.5 ± 23.8
|
78.2 ± 31.3
|
0.562
|
76.9 ± 17.3
|
76.3 ± 34.4
|
0.843
|
UA, µmol/L
|
361.8(310.2,421.9)
|
351.6(299.4,419.3)
|
0.110
|
364.1(311.0,426.6)
|
366.4(309.3,433.8)
|
0.760
|
356.8(308.5,409.4)
|
340.9(290.7,406.1)
|
0.084
|
eGFR, mL/(min·1.73 m2)
|
92.8 ± 17.5
|
93.1 ± 17.0
|
0.767
|
91.7 ± 18.9
|
92.3 ± 17.8
|
0.676
|
94.6 ± 14.9
|
93.9 ± 16.1
|
0.631
|
HCY, µmol/L
|
16.4 ± 9.0
|
16.2 ± 9.9
|
0.777
|
16.1 ± 8.5
|
15.9 ± 9.6
|
0.818
|
17.0 ± 10.0
|
16.5 ± 10.3
|
0.637
|
GA,%
|
15.3(13.8,17.6)
|
14.6(13.4,17.3)
|
0.006
|
15.6(13.9,17.9)
|
14.9(13.4,18.2)
|
0.029
|
14.7(13.5,16.7)
|
14.1(13.1,15.7)
|
0.025
|
LVEF,%
|
56.8 ± 7.8
|
56.2 ± 7.8
|
0.165
|
56.9 ± 7.3
|
56.6 ± 7.7
|
0.597
|
56.7 ± 8.5
|
55.8 ± 7.9
|
0.224
|
LVEDd,mm
|
50.6 ± 5.2
|
51.0 ± 5.2
|
0.244
|
50.1 ± 5.0
|
50.8 ± 5.2
|
0.079
|
51.5 ± 5.4
|
51.1 ± 5.2
|
0.548
|
LVEDs,mm
|
35.3 ± 5.9
|
35.8 ± 5.8
|
0.159
|
35.1 ± 5.4
|
35.6 ± 5.7
|
0.278
|
35.8 ± 6.7
|
36.1 ± 5.9
|
0.562
|
Medication,n (%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Antiplatelet
|
370(100)
|
1339(100)
|
1
|
230(100)
|
667(100)
|
1
|
140(100)
|
672(100)
|
1
|
Statins
|
370(100)
|
1339(100)
|
1
|
230(100)
|
667(100)
|
1
|
140(100)
|
672(100)
|
1
|
Diuretics
|
46(12.4)
|
167(12.5)
|
0.984
|
34(14.8)
|
90(13.5)
|
0.625
|
12(8.6)
|
77(11.5)
|
0.320
|
ACE inhibitors/ARBs
|
154(41.6)
|
494(36.9)
|
0.097
|
111(48.3)
|
290(43.5)
|
0.208
|
43(30.7)
|
204(30.4)
|
0.933
|
β-blockers
|
247(66.8)
|
875(65.3)
|
0.613
|
154(67.0)
|
467(70.0)
|
0.386
|
93(66.4)
|
408(60.7)
|
0.206
|
CCBs
|
114(30.8)
|
383(28.6)
|
0.408
|
72(31.3)
|
231(34.6)
|
0.357
|
42(30.0)
|
152(22.6)
|
0.062
|
hypoglycemic agents
|
112(30.3)
|
334(24.9)
|
0.039
|
86(37.4)
|
226(33.9)
|
0.335
|
26(18.6)
|
108(16.1)
|
0.468
|
Target vessel,n (%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
RCA
|
174(47.0)
|
594(44.4)
|
0.362
|
109(47.4)
|
300(45.0)
|
0.526
|
65(46.4)
|
294(43.8)
|
0.562
|
LAD
|
136(36.8)
|
508(37.9)
|
0.678
|
91(39.6)
|
238(35.5)
|
0.273
|
45(32.1)
|
271(40.3)
|
0.071
|
LCX
|
65(17.6)
|
246(18.4)
|
0.723
|
33(14.3)
|
135(20.2)
|
0.048
|
32(22.9)
|
111(16.5)
|
0.073
|
Bridege Vessel
|
3(0.8)
|
6(0.4)
|
0.394
|
2(0.9)
|
5(0.7)
|
0.859
|
1(0.7)
|
1(0.1)
|
0.219
|
Elevated BMI,n (%)
|
92(24.9)
|
138(10.3)
|
< 0.001
|
87(37.8)
|
119(17.8)
|
< 0.001
|
5(3.6)
|
19(2.8)
|
0.636
|
Elevated BP,n (%)
|
305(82.4)
|
991(74.0)
|
0.001
|
216(93.9)
|
584(87.6)
|
0.007
|
89(63.6)
|
407(60.6)
|
0.507
|
Elevated FBG,n (%)
|
250(67.6)
|
779(58.2)
|
0.001
|
189(82.0)
|
538(80.7)
|
0.613
|
61(43.6)
|
241(35.9)
|
0.086
|
Reduced HDL-C,n (%)
|
257(69.5)
|
863(64.5)
|
0.073
|
202(87.8)
|
863(90.4)
|
0.266
|
55(39.3)
|
260(38.7)
|
0.895
|
Elevated TG,n (%)
|
171(46.2)
|
466(34.8)
|
< 0.001
|
152(66.1)
|
393(58.9)
|
0.055
|
19(13.6)
|
73(10.9)
|
0.358
|
BMI: body mass index; HT:Hypertension; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus;Prior MI:Prior myocardial infarction; History of PCI: history of percutaneous coronary intervention; History of CABG:history of coronary artery bypass grafting; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure;HR: heart rate; FBG:Fasting blood glucose; TG: Triglycerides; TC:Total cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; WBC: white blood cell; HGB:hemoglobin; PLT: Platelet; Cr:creatinine; UA:Uric acid; HCY:Homocysteine; GA:Glycated albumin; LVEF:ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDd: left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; LVEDs:left ventricular end-systolic dimension; ACE inhibitors/ARBs: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors/Angiotensin Receptor Blockers; CCBs:calcium channel blockers; RCA: Right coronary artery; LAD: Left anterior descending; LCX:left circumflex coronary artery |
Individuals were divided into six groups: 55 (3.2%), 285(16.7%), 472(27.6%), 553 (32.4%), 296(17.3%) and 48 (2.8%) who met the diagnostic criteria of MetS 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 times, respectively (Fig. 2). Poor collateralization was present in 9.1%, 14.4%, 19.9%, 18.1%, 35.1% and 54.2% of the six groups, which indicated the statistically differences (P < 0.05, see Table 2). The prevalence of male was the most highest in 0 group. Besides, there were significant differences of GA among six groups(P<0.001). As the MetS components, BMI, HT, T2DM, BP, TG were increased with the increase of traits (all P<0.001, Table 2).
Table 2
Baseline characteristics of the number of METs.
Variables
|
the number of the presence of METs
|
0
n = 55
|
1
n = 285
|
2
n = 472
|
3
n = 553
|
4
n = 296
|
5
n = 48
|
PValue
|
P༜0.05
|
Male,n(%)
|
54(98.2)
|
256(89.0)
|
396(83.9)
|
438(79.2)
|
230(77.7)
|
38(79.2)
|
<0.001
|
a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h
|
Age,years
|
59.3 ± 9.2
|
59.0 ± 10.5
|
59.8 ± 10.3
|
59.3 ± 9.8
|
57.8 ± 11.0
|
55.0 ± 10.5
|
0.013
|
i,k,l,m,n
|
BMI,Kg/m2
|
24.8 ± 2.6
|
25.1 ± 2.8
|
25.8 ± 2.8
|
26.5 ± 2.9
|
28.2 ± 3.7
|
32.6 ± 2.2
|
<0.001
|
b,c,d,e,f,g,h.i,j,k,l,m,n,o
|
HT,n(%)
|
0(0)
|
125(43.9)
|
280(59.3)
|
402(72.7)
|
260(87.8)
|
43(89.6)
|
<0.001
|
a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,j,k,l,m,n
|
T2DM,n(%)
|
0(0)
|
31(10.9)
|
143(30.3)
|
236(42.7)
|
159(53.7)
|
25(52.1)
|
<0.001
|
a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h,j,k,l,m
|
Poor CC,n(%)
|
5(9.1)
|
14(14.4)
|
94(19.9)
|
100(18.1)
|
104(35.1)
|
26(54.2)
|
<0.001
|
d,e,h,k,m,n,o
|
SBP,mmHg
|
117.8 ± 8.7
|
126.7 ± 16.2
|
127.0 ± 15.9
|
129.3 ± 16.2
|
132.0 ± 16.9
|
129.6 ± 12.5
|
<0.001
|
a,b,c,d,e,g,h,j,k,l,m
|
DBP,mmHg
|
70.8 ± 7.2
|
75.8 ± 11.2
|
75.6 ± 10.4
|
76.8 ± 10.9
|
78.1 ± 11.7
|
78.8 ± 10.4
|
<0.001
|
a,b,c,d,e,h,k
|
HR,bpm
|
67.8 ± 7.1
|
71.0 ± 10.5
|
72.1 ± 10.4
|
72.3 ± 9.8
|
73.0 ± 11.3
|
70.1 ± 8.3
|
0.005
|
a,b,c,d,h
|
FBG,mmol/L
|
5.1(4.7,5.4)
|
5.2(4.8,5.6)
|
5.6(5.1,7.5)
|
6.3(5.3,8.3)
|
7.1(5.9,8.8)
|
7.5(6.5,9.7)
|
<0.001
|
b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n
|
TG,mmol/L
|
1.2(0.9,1.4)
|
1.1(0.8,1.2)
|
1.2(1.0,1.6)
|
1.6(1.2,2.3)
|
2.2(1.8,2.9)
|
2.6(2.0,3.7)
|
<0.001
|
b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n,o
|
GA,%
|
13.9(13.0,15.2)
|
14.1(13.0,15.9)
|
14.3(13.5,16.2)
|
15.1(13.5,18.3)
|
16.0(13.9,19.5)
|
16.4(14.2,18.7)
|
<0.001
|
b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m
|
TC,mmol/L
|
3.8 ± 0.8
|
3.9 ± 1.0
|
3.8 ± 1.1
|
3.8 ± 1.2
|
4.0 ± 1.3
|
4.2 ± 1.1
|
0.021
|
k,l,m,n
|
LDL-C, mmol/L
|
2.2 ± 0.8
|
2.3 ± 0.9
|
2.3 ± 1.0
|
2.2 ± 0.9
|
2.3 ± 1.0
|
2.3 ± 0.9
|
0.369
|
g
|
HDL-C, mmol/L
|
1.2(0.8,1.2)
|
1.2(1.0,1.3)
|
1.0(0.9,1.2)
|
0.9(0.8,1.0)
|
0.9(0.8,1.0)
|
0.9(0.8,1.0)
|
<0.001
|
b,c,d,e,f,g,h,i,j,k,l,m,n
|
LVEF,%
|
54.5 ± 10.3
|
56.0 ± 8.2
|
56.0 ± 7.6
|
56.7 ± 7.4
|
56.6 ± 8.0
|
56.7 ± 7.1
|
0.39
|
|
a:0vs1,b:0vs2,c:0vs3,d:0vs4,e:0vs5,f:1vs2,g:1vs3,h:1vs4,i:1vs5,g:2vs3,k:2vs4,l:2vs5,m:3vs4,n:3vs5,o:4vs5. |
METs:Metabolic Syndrome;BMI: body mass index; HT:Hypertension; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus;CC:Coronary Collateralization; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure;HR: heart rate; FBG:Fasting blood glucose; TG: Triglycerides; TC:Total cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; GA:Glycated albumin; LVEF:ventricular ejection fraction. |
After adjustment for some potential risk factors, such as gender, age, smoke status, Prior myocardial infraction and LVEF, quartiles of BMI (adjusted OR = 1.728, 95% CI 1.518–1.967, P < 0.001), TG (adjusted OR = 1.278, 95% CI 1.125–1.451, P < 0.001) and SBP (adjusted OR = 1.267, 95% CI 1.088–1.474, P = 0.002) remained independent determinants for poor CCs in all patients. Petients with T2MD had a signifcantly increased risk of poor CCs compared with those with no T2DM in overall, METs and no METs groups (adjusted OR = 1.894, 95% CI 1.387–2.586, P < 0.001, adjusted OR = 1.908, 95% CI 1.294–2.815, P = 0.001 and adjusted OR = 2.537, 95% CI 1.404–4.585,P = 0.002) (Table 3).
Table 3
Impact of MetS components on coronary collateral growth in patients with and without MetS.
Variables
|
Quartiles of components
|
NO MetS
|
MetS
|
All
|
Range
|
n
|
Good/Poor
|
OR(95%CI)
|
PValue
|
Good/Poor
|
OR(95%CI)
|
PValue
|
Good/Poor
|
OR(95%CI)
|
PValue
|
HT,n(%)
|
-
|
1110
|
77/328
|
1.282(0.820–2.004)
|
0.276
|
188/517
|
1.212(0.786–1.870)
|
0.385
|
265/845
|
1.061(0.793–1.419)
|
0.692
|
T2DM,n(%)
|
-
|
594
|
41/131
|
2.537(1.404–4.585)
|
0.002
|
121/299
|
1.908(1.294–2.815)
|
0.001
|
162/432
|
1.894(1.387–2.586)
|
< 0.001
|
BMI,Kg/m2
|
Per quartile
|
1709
|
140/672
|
1.827(1.484–2.249)
|
< 0.001
|
230/667
|
1.771(1.484–2.115)
|
< 0.001
|
370/1339
|
1.728(1.518–1.967)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Q1 ≤ 24.3
|
424
|
19/242
|
-
|
-
|
21/142
|
-
|
-
|
40/384
|
-
|
-
|
|
24.3<Q2 ≤ 26.3
|
423
|
29/190
|
5.356(2.657–10.801)
|
< 0.001
|
30/174
|
4.918(2.690–8.993)
|
< 0.001
|
59/364
|
4.809(3.115–7.427)
|
< 0.001
|
|
26.3<Q3 ≤ 28.3
|
426
|
59/161
|
2.956(1.556–5.616)
|
0.001
|
56/150
|
4.217(2.519–7.060)
|
< 0.001
|
115/311
|
3.296(2.250–4.829)
|
< 0.001
|
|
28.3<Q4
|
436
|
33/79
|
1.275(0.720–2.257)
|
0.405
|
123/201
|
1.949(1.244–3.052)
|
0.004
|
156/280
|
1.456(1.050–2.020)
|
0.024
|
TG, mmol/L
|
Per quartile
|
1709
|
|
1.405(1.119–1.764)
|
0.003
|
|
1.312(1.093–1.574)
|
0.003
|
370/1339
|
1.278(1.125–1.451)
|
< 0.001
|
|
Q1 ≤ 1.09
|
429
|
33/283
|
-
|
-
|
21/92
|
-
|
-
|
54/375
|
-
|
-
|
|
1.09<Q2 ≤ 1.43
|
422
|
58/223
|
3.304(1.436–7.063)
|
0.005
|
27/114
|
1.858(0.989–3.489)
|
0.054
|
85/337
|
2.146(1.411–3.264)
|
< 0.001
|
|
1.43<Q3 ≤ 2.06
|
427
|
33/124
|
1.804(0.813-4.000)
|
0.147
|
75/195
|
2.307(1.314–4.051)
|
0.004
|
108/319
|
1.456(1.003–2.113)
|
0.048
|
|
2.06<Q4
|
431
|
16/42
|
1.635(0.708–3.775)
|
0.250
|
107/266
|
1.049(0.694–1.585)
|
0.820
|
123/308
|
1.085(0.765–1.538)
|
0.647
|
HDL-C,mmol/L
|
Per quartile
|
1709
|
|
0.940(0.758–1.165)
|
0.940
|
|
0.961(0.798–1.158)
|
0.961
|
370/1339
|
0.975(0.859–1.107)
|
0.694
|
|
Q1 ≤ 0.84
|
427
|
21/86
|
-
|
-
|
87/233
|
-
|
-
|
108/319
|
-
|
-
|
|
0.84<Q2≤0.98
|
423
|
22/101
|
0.837(0.419–1.671)
|
0.614
|
70/230
|
0.738(0.382–1.426)
|
0.366
|
92/331
|
1.058(0.707–1.584)
|
0.783
|
|
0.98<Q3 ≤ 1.16
|
427
|
40/199
|
0.901(0.471–1.725)
|
0.754
|
48/140
|
0.884(0.458–1.705)
|
0.713
|
88/339
|
1.176(0.788–1.758)
|
0.427
|
|
1.16<Q4
|
432
|
57/286
|
1.246(0.731–2.124)
|
0.420
|
25/64
|
0.692(0.349–1.372)
|
0.292
|
82/350
|
1.011(0.682–1.499)
|
0.956
|
SBP,mmHg
|
Per quartile
|
1709
|
|
1.091(0.855–1.383)
|
0.482
|
|
1.417(1.157–1.735)
|
0.001
|
370/1339
|
1.267(1.088–1.474)
|
0.002
|
|
Q1 ≤ 119
|
427
|
31/197
|
-
|
-
|
31/168
|
-
|
-
|
62/365
|
-
|
-
|
|
119<Q2≤128
|
427
|
42/184
|
1.515(0.687–3.341)
|
0.303
|
39/162
|
2.827(1.459–5.475)
|
0.002
|
81/346
|
2.131(1.312–3.462)
|
0.002
|
|
128<Q3 ≤ 138
|
427
|
33/161
|
1.129(0.573–2.226)
|
0.726
|
64/169
|
2.033(1.170–3.534)
|
0.012
|
97/330
|
1.563(1.037–2.357)
|
0.033
|
|
138<Q4
|
428
|
34/130
|
1.316(0.676–2.563)
|
0.418
|
96/168
|
1.456(0.907–2.339)
|
0.120
|
130/298
|
1.436(0.986–2.091)
|
0.059
|
DBP,mmHg
|
Per quartile
|
1709
|
|
1.064(0.831–1.362)
|
0.622
|
|
1.204(0.988–1.466)
|
0.066
|
370/1339
|
1.124(0.967–1.307)
|
0.128
|
|
Q1 ≤ 70
|
403
|
29/173
|
-
|
-
|
38/163
|
-
|
-
|
67/336
|
-
|
|
|
70<Q2≤75
|
435
|
38/195
|
1.213(0.540–2.722)
|
0.640
|
38/164
|
1.618(0.872–3.004)
|
0.127
|
76/359
|
1.381(0.860–2.217)
|
0.181
|
|
75<Q3 ≤ 83
|
461
|
39/188
|
1.465(0.725–2.960)
|
0.288
|
54/180
|
2.021(1.168–3.499)
|
0.012
|
93/368
|
1.650(1.091–2.495)
|
0.018
|
|
83<Q4
|
410
|
34/116
|
1.383(0.705–2.711)
|
0.346
|
100/160
|
2.000(1.221–3.276)
|
0.006
|
134/276
|
1.629(1.109–2.394)
|
0.013
|
FBG,mmol/L
|
Per quartile
|
1709
|
|
0.916(0.725–1.158)
|
0.463
|
|
1.028(0.857–1.233)
|
0.766
|
370/1339
|
1.028(0.898–1.178)
|
0.687
|
|
Q1 ≤ 5.13
|
427
|
50/223
|
-
|
-
|
37/107
|
-
|
-
|
87/340
|
-
|
|
|
5.13<Q2≤5.95
|
427
|
39/225
|
0.718(0.348–1.484)
|
0.371
|
31/132
|
1.146(0.635–2.066)
|
0.651
|
70/357
|
0.890(0.587–1.349)
|
0.583
|
|
5.95<Q3 ≤ 7.87
|
430
|
23/100
|
1.031(0.490–2.171)
|
0.936
|
81/226
|
1.141(0.651-2.000)
|
0.644
|
104/326
|
1.168(0.768–1.775)
|
0.468
|
|
7.87<Q4
|
425
|
28/114
|
0.840(0.409–1.722)
|
0.634
|
81/202
|
0.966(0.625–1.492)
|
0.877
|
109/316
|
0.976(0.679–1.402)
|
0.894
|
OR:odds ratio;CI:confdence interval; METs:Metabolic Syndrome; BMI: body mass index; HT:Hypertension; T2DM: type 2 diabetes mellitus; HDL-C:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG:Triglycerides, FBG:Fasting blood glucose; SBP: systolic blood pressure; DBP: diastolic blood pressure. |
a Multiple adjustment for gender, age, smoke status, Prior myocardial infraction, left ventricular ejection fraction. |
Table 4 show results of the multivariate logistic regression analysis for the prediction of poor CCs according to MetS. The ORs of incident poor CCs were 1.631 (95% CI 1.286–2.070), 1.639(95% CI 1.291–2.080), 1.642 (95% CI 1.292–2.087), 1.651 (95% CI 1.269–2.146), 1.643 (95% CI 1.211–2.229) for MetS in model 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. After adjusted for elevated BMI, elevated BP, elevated FPG, reduced HDL-c, elevated TG (Model 6), the MetS was also the independent risk factors of poor CCs, which OR was 1.669 (95% CI 1.260–2.291).
Table 4
Odds ratio and 95% confdence interval for coronary collateral growth
Models
|
METs
|
OR(95%CI)
|
PValue
|
Model 1
|
1.631(1.286–2.070)
|
<0.001
|
Model 2
|
1.639(1.291–2.080)
|
<0.001
|
Model 3
|
1.642(1.292–2.087)
|
<0.001
|
Model 4
|
1.651(1.269–2.146)
|
<0.001
|
Model 5
|
1.643(1.211–2.229)
|
0.001
|
Model 6
|
1.669(1.260–2.291)
|
0.001
|
Model 1:adjusted for age, sex; |
Model 2:adjusted for age, sex, heart rate, renal disease, former smoker, current smoker; |
Model 3:adjusted for age, sex, heart rate, renal disease, former smoker,current smoker, prior myocardial infarction, stroke, history of percutaneous coronary intervention, history of coronary artery bypass grafting; |
Model 4:adjusted for age, sex, heart rate, renal disease, former smoker,current smoker, prior myocardial infarction, stroke, history of percutaneous coronary intervention, history of coronary artery bypass grafting, white blood cell, homocysteine, platelet, creatinine, eGFR, glycated albumin, uric acid; |
Model 5:adjusted for age, sex, heart rate, renal disease, former smoker,current smoker, prior myocardial infarction, stroke, history of percutaneous coronary intervention, history of coronary artery bypass grafting, white blood cell, homocysteine, platelet, creatinine, eGFR, glycated albumin, uric acid,ventricular ejection fraction; left ventricular end-diastolic dimension; left ventricular end-systolic dimension, homocysteine; |
Model 6:adjusted for elevated body mass index, elevated blood pressure,elevated fasting glucose,reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol,elevated triglycerides. |
Based on the Regression Coefficeint, point was assigned to METs components and subsequently summed to obtain a total difficulty score.Elevated BMI was for 19, Elevated BP was for 8, Elevated FBG was for 7, Reduced HDL-C was for 1 and Elevated TG was for 8 (Table 5). The overall, METs and no METs groups were performed on the ROC curve (AUC: 0.622, 95%CI: 0.588–0.655, AUC: 0.651, 95%CI: 0.608–0.693 and AUC: 0.569, 95%CI: 0.517–0.620) (Table 6, Fig. 3).
Table 5
Multivariable analysis of the METs components.
Variables
|
OR(95%CI)
|
P Value
|
Regression Coefficeint
|
point
|
Elevated BMI
|
2.619(1.924–3.530)
|
< 0.001
|
0.963
|
19
|
Elevated BP
|
1.528(1.132–2.062)
|
0.006
|
0.424
|
8
|
Elevated FBG
|
1.427(1.111–1.832)
|
0.005
|
0.355
|
7
|
Reduced HDL-C
|
1.051(0.808–1.366)
|
0.71
|
0.05
|
1
|
Elevated TG
|
1.480(1.159–1.891)
|
0.002
|
0.392
|
8
|
BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; FBG:Fasting blood glucose; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG: Triglycerides. |
Table 6
The ROC Curve analysis of the METs with poor collateralization
Factors
|
AUC
|
P
|
95%CI
|
Se(%)
|
Sp(%)
|
Cut off point
|
All Patients
|
0.622
|
<0.001
|
0.588–0.655
|
43.0%
|
76.3%
|
22
|
METs
|
0.651
|
<0.001
|
0.608–0.693
|
35.7%
|
86.2%
|
31
|
No METs
|
0.569
|
0.011
|
0.517–0.620
|
59.3%
|
54.2%
|
9
|
Se:sensitive,SP:specifity. |