1- The population of Homs city
https://unhabitat.org/city-profile-homs-multi-sector-assessment
2- Population By Age and Gender in Syria.
www.city-facts.com/homs-hims-
3- The population of Hama city.
https://euaa.europa.eu/country-guidance-syria/hama#
4- Homs and Hama Demographic.
http://cbssyr.sy/Demographic/Demographic_2017_2018.pdf
5- The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in the Development and Progression of Lung Cancer.
Yang, Y. L., Zhang, K., Zhou, Z. T., Jiang, Z. L., Liu, Y., Zhang, Y. X., Liu, Z. H., Ji, X. Y., & Wu, D. D. (2022). The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in the Development and Progression of Lung Cancer. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 27(24), 9005. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27249005
6- Emerging roles of cystathionine ?-synthase in various forms of cancer.
Ascenç?o, K., & Szabo, C. (2022). Emerging roles of cystathionine ?-synthase in various forms of cancer. Redox biology, 53, 102331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2022.102331
7- Hydrogen Sulfide Biology and Its Role in Cancer.
Khattak, S., Rauf, M. A., Khan, N. H., Zhang, Q. Q., Chen, H. J., Muhammad, P., Ansari, M. A., Alomary, M. N., Jahangir, M., Zhang, C. Y., Ji, X. Y., & Wu, D. D. (2022). Hydrogen Sulfide Biology and Its Role in Cancer. Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 27(11), 3389. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27113389
8- Mortality and cancer morbidity in a cohort of Canadian petroleum workers.
Lewis, R. J., Schnatter, A. R., Drummond, I., Murray, N., Thompson, F. S., Katz, A. M., Jorgensen, G., Nicolich, M. J., Dahlman, D., & Thériault, G. (2003). Mortality and cancer morbidity in a cohort of Canadian petroleum workers. Occupational and environmental medicine, 60(12), 918–928. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.60.12.918
9- Exposure to a firefighting overhaul environment without respiratory protection increases immune dysregulation and lung disease risk.
Gainey SJ, Horn GP, Towers AE, et al. Exposure to a firefighting overhaul environment without respiratory protection increases immune dysregulation and lung disease risk. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0201830. Published 2018 Aug 21. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0201830
10- Spatial association between outdoor air pollution and lung cancer incidence in China.
Xing, D. F., Xu, C. D., Liao, X. Y., Xing, T. Y., Cheng, S. P., Hu, M. G., & Wang, J. X. (2019). Spatial association between outdoor air pollution and lung cancer incidence in China. BMC public health, 19(1), 1377. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-7740-y
11- Association between Air Pollution and Squamous Cell Lung Cancer in South-Eastern Poland
Gawe?ko, J., Cierpia?-Wolan, M., Bwanakare, S., & Czarnota, M. (2022). Association between Air Pollution and Squamous Cell Lung Cancer in South-Eastern Poland. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(18), 11598. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191811598
12- Indoor Air Pollution and the Health of Vulnerable Groups: A Systematic Review Focused on Particulate Matter (PM), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Their Effects on Children and People with Pre-Existing Lung Disease VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds).
Maung, T. Z., Bishop, J. E., Holt, E., Turner, A. M., & Pfrang, C. (2022). Indoor Air Pollution and the Health of Vulnerable Groups: A Systematic Review Focused on Particulate Matter (PM), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Their Effects on Children and People with Pre-Existing Lung Disease. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(14), 8752. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19148752
13- VOC biomarkers identification and predictive model construction for lung cancer based on exhaled breath analysis: research protocol for an exploratory study VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds)
Li, W., Dai, W., Liu, M., Long, Y., Wang, C., Xie, S., Liu, Y., Zhang, Y., Shi, Q., Peng, X., Liu, Y., Li, Q., & Duan, Y. (2019). VOC biomarkers identification and predictive model construction for lung cancer based on exhaled breath analysis: research protocol for an exploratory study. BMJ open, 9(8), e028448. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028448
14- Gases produced from Oil refinery exhausts
https://www.mcilvainecompany.com/brochures/refinery_process.htm
15- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)
Air pollution in Homs city, gases, suspended particulates and heavy elements (AECS-PR/RSS--72). Syrian Arab Republic
http://inis.iaea.org/search/search.aspx?orig_q=RN:25061586
16- Wind direction in Homs city.
https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/archive/windrose/homs_syria_169577?fcstlength=1y&year=2022&month=3
17- Standers for gases emission.
https://www3.epa.gov/ttn/naaqs/standards/so2/fr/20100622.pdf
18- World wild lung cancer statistic.
Cheng TY, Cramb SM, Baade PD, Youlden DR, Nwogu C, Reid ME. The International Epidemiology of Lung Cancer: Latest Trends, Disparities, and Tumor Characteristics. J Thorac Oncol. 2016;11(10):1653-1671. doi:10.1016/j.jtho.2016.05.021
19- UK lung cancer incidence.
https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/health-professional/cancer-statistics/statistics-by-cancer-type/lung-cancer/incidence
20- Chronic exposure to H2S gas affects to the lungs
Lee, W. J., Teschke, K., Kauppinen, T., Andersen, A., Jäppinen, P., Szadkowska-Stanczyk, I., Pearce, N., Persson, B., Bergeret, A., Facchini, L. A., Kishi, R., Kielkowski, D., Rix, B. A., Henneberger, P., Sunyer, J., Colin, D., Kogevinas, M., & Boffetta, P. (2002). Mortality from lung cancer in workers exposed to sulfur dioxide in the pulp and paper industry. Environmental health perspectives, 110(10), 991–995. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.02110991
21- Occupational Exposures in Petroleum Refining; Crude Oil and Major Petroleum Fuels (IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Volume 45)
https://publications.iarc.fr/Book-And-Report-Series/Iarc-Monographs-On-The-Identification-Of-Carcinogenic-Hazards-To-Humans/Occupational-Exposures-In-Petroleum-Refining-Crude-Oil-And-Major-Petroleum-Fuels-1989
22- United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
https://www.epa.gov/so2-pollution/timeline-sulfur-dioxide-national-ambient-air-quality-standards-naaqs
https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/lime-manufacturing-plants-new-source-performance-standards-nsps
23- Differences in Lung Cancer Risk Between Men and Women
Zang, E. A., & Wynder, E. L. (1996). Differences in lung cancer risk between men and women: examination of the evidence. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 88(3-4), 183–192. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/88.3-4.183
24- Sex differences in lung-cancer risk associated with cigarette smoking
Osann, K. E., Anton-Culver, H., Kurosaki, T., & Taylor, T. (1993). Sex differences in lung-cancer risk associated with cigarette smoking. International journal of cancer, 54(1), 44–48. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.2910540108
25- Lung cancer: diagnosis and management
Collins, L. G., Haines, C., Perkel, R., & Enck, R. E. (2007). Lung cancer: diagnosis and management. American family physician, 75(1), 56–63.