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Research Article
Margareta I. Hellgren
University of Gothenburg
Corresponding Author
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background:
The vasoconstricting peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) is associated with endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this paper was to investigate whether circulating ET-1 levels predicts chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a prospective population study.
Methods:
In 2002-2005, 2816 participants (30-74 years) were randomly selected from two municipalities in South-Western Sweden and followed up in a representative sample of 1327 individuals after ten years. Endothelin-1 levels were assessed at baseline. Outcome was defined as CKD stage 3 or above based on eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m2. Those 1314 participants with successful analysis of ET-1 were further analyzed using binary logistic regression.
Results:
At follow-up, 47 (7.2%) men and 63 (9.6%) women had CKD stage 3 and above. The level of ET-1 was divided into quintiles showing that women in the highest quintile (n=132) had a significantly increased risk of developing CKD during the follow up period (OR=2.379, 95% CI:1.23-4.61, p<0.01) compared with the other quintiles (1-4), even when adjusted for age, physical activity, current smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, BMI, high- sensitive CRP and LDL-cholesterol (OR=2.66, 95% CI:1.29-5.49, p<0.01). No significant differences were observed between quintiles of ET-1 and development of CKD in men (NS).
Conclusions:
High levels of ET-1 are associated with development of CKD in women but not in men.
Keywords
Endothelin-1, kidney disease, gender, epidemiology
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CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 1
Posted 18 Mar, 2021
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Review #1 received
Received 26 Mar, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 26 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 24 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #6 agreed
On 20 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #9 agreed
On 20 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 20 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #10 agreed
On 20 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #8 agreed
On 20 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 20 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #7 agreed
On 20 Mar, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 11 Mar, 2021
Editor assigned
On 11 Mar, 2021
Editor invited
On 11 Mar, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 11 Mar, 2021
First submitted
On 08 Mar, 2021
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Subject Areas
Urology & Nephrology
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This preprint is under consideration at BMC Nephrology. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research Article
Margareta I. Hellgren
University of Gothenburg
Corresponding Author
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 1
Posted 18 Mar, 2021
No community comments so far
Review #1 received
Received 26 Mar, 2021
Review #2 received
Received 26 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #3 agreed
On 24 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #6 agreed
On 20 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #9 agreed
On 20 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 20 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #10 agreed
On 20 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #8 agreed
On 20 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 20 Mar, 2021
Reviewer #7 agreed
On 20 Mar, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 11 Mar, 2021
Editor assigned
On 11 Mar, 2021
Editor invited
On 11 Mar, 2021
Submission checks complete
On 11 Mar, 2021
First submitted
On 08 Mar, 2021
Subject Areas
Urology & Nephrology
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background:
The vasoconstricting peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) is associated with endothelial dysfunction. The aim of this paper was to investigate whether circulating ET-1 levels predicts chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a prospective population study.
Methods:
In 2002-2005, 2816 participants (30-74 years) were randomly selected from two municipalities in South-Western Sweden and followed up in a representative sample of 1327 individuals after ten years. Endothelin-1 levels were assessed at baseline. Outcome was defined as CKD stage 3 or above based on eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m2. Those 1314 participants with successful analysis of ET-1 were further analyzed using binary logistic regression.
Results:
At follow-up, 47 (7.2%) men and 63 (9.6%) women had CKD stage 3 and above. The level of ET-1 was divided into quintiles showing that women in the highest quintile (n=132) had a significantly increased risk of developing CKD during the follow up period (OR=2.379, 95% CI:1.23-4.61, p<0.01) compared with the other quintiles (1-4), even when adjusted for age, physical activity, current smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, BMI, high- sensitive CRP and LDL-cholesterol (OR=2.66, 95% CI:1.29-5.49, p<0.01). No significant differences were observed between quintiles of ET-1 and development of CKD in men (NS).
Conclusions:
High levels of ET-1 are associated with development of CKD in women but not in men.
Figure 1
Figure 2
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