Ethical approval and consent to participate
The interest derived from this study will essentially relate to a better understanding of preventive measures and the improvement of the response policy to non-communicable diseases.
The approval of the Research Ethics Committee (CER) of the Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar was obtained before the start of activities, bearing the reference number O25/2020/CER/UCAD.
The personnel collecting biological information are qualified personnel working as head nurses in the health structures of the study area.
They followed the guidelines of the Ministry of Health on procedures and guidelines on taking measurements of height, weight and hair swabs as well as taking blood pressure.
The risks could be related to taking blood drops from the finger for glycaemia with the possibility of pain, bleeding or subsequent superinfection in the sampling area. To mitigate these risks, the samples were taken under the best aseptic conditions with cleaning of the bite area with soapy water and then a hydroalcoholic solution. The puncture was performed with a lancing device with a retractable needle helping to reduce pain and to secure the sampler against the risk of exposure to blood. Still to limit the risk of exposure for the agents, all the samples were taken with single-use disposable gloves.
Incidents for this type of direct debit are exceptional. Only a drop of blood was taken from the strip, destroyed after reading the result. Thus, no biological samples had been preserved.
The strips used as well as the needles were packaged in rigid garbage containers which were deposited each evening at the level of the waste disposal chain of the health center.
A system had been put in place in the event of an incident which was based on the notification of the sampler to the field supervisor who in turn would notify the study coordinator. The latter will in turn contact the local health authorities with the chief medical officer of the area.
The advantages are mainly linked to knowledge of one's diabetic status and or high blood pressure or not for the prevention of acute and chronic complications. In general, knowledge of the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension and obesity will contribute to improving policies to combat these chronic diseases, which have become the main causes of death in the world.
This study did not provide for any remuneration or compensation for the people surveyed. The topics covered are general.
For people newly diagnosed with hyperglycemia and/or arterial hypertension, they were referred to the health post for medical care, which is why the sampling agents were responsible for the structures in the area to facilitate the follow-up of new cases and uncontrolled patients.
The study only concerned adults aged 18 and over. An information sheet is read and given to them containing the objectives, collection methods, sources of funding, institutional affiliations of the researcher, expected benefits and potential risks of the study and post-study arrangements and any other relevant aspect of the study.
The free, informed and signed consent of each person to be surveyed was obtained before the interview and the measurements of weight, blood pressure and capillary glycaemia were taken. These people could stop the interview at any time and even withdraw from the study without prejudice.
The information sheet and the consent form were read and submitted by the interviewer and not the sampler to avoid any influence from the knowledge of the health worker.
Anonymity was respected and personal data remained confidential protected with access accounts accessible at the time of collection after transmission of the data to the principal investigator and the data manager. The identity of the people who consented to participate was not mentioned on the collection tools or in any use made of the results. The anonymization of the data collected was done and no information enabling a participant to be found appears on the database.
Consent for publication
"Not Applicable"
Availability of data and materials
The datasets used and/or analyzed during this study are available as an anonymized database in Xlsx and CVS2 format from the corresponding author. We can send them to you if necessary.
Nevertheless, the database is registered in the "Dryade" data warehouse under the reference DIALLO, Amadou Ibra (2023), Base of non-communicable diseases, Dryade, Dataset,https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.zgmsbcchv.
https://datadryad.org/stash/share/Rq-Vb0dHIXl7oOuywrDcNJrg6_OW843QaIwfwstJ204
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests, financial or non-financial.
Funding
This study was part of the participation in services rendered to the community by the teachers of the Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar (law n°94-75 of November 24, 1994 based on law n°67-45 of the July 13, 1967) through the Human and Animal Health Observatory of Niakhene. Thus, UCAD granted a subsidy to be used for field activities such as the purchase of equipment, the management and payment of the interviewers. The authors did not receive any payment, their participation was voluntary and constituted their contribution to this mission of the university.
Author’s contributions
AID, he wrote the protocol, supervised the collection, carried out the analyses. He wrote the manuscript
OB, he wrote the protocol, validated the analyses. He wrote the manuscript
PS, she participated in the collection, in the analysis. He wrote the manuscript
SMD, He participated in the collection and analysis
MFB, he participated in the validation of the analyzes and the drafting of the manuscript
FBD, Validation of analyzes and Revision of the manuscript
IN, he participated in the collection and reading of the manuscript
NAB, she participated in the protocol, she coordinated the staff in charge of blood sampling
JADT, he participated in the validation of the analyzes and the correction of the Manuscript
AF, he validated the protocol, ensured the follow-up of the work and corrected the manuscript
IS, he corrected the manuscript
Acknowledgements
We thank the Department of Incubation, Popularization and Community Support (DIVAC) of UCAD which supported this project on the basic study for the surveillance of zoonotic and non-communicable communicable diseases within the framework of the UCAD health observatory. We also thank the medical authorities through Dr. Ndèye Amy Ba, head doctor of the Méckhé health district and his staff, in particular the head nurses at Niakhène. The latter facilitated contact with the population and carried out the samples according to the standards and measurements of weight and height.
Author’s Informations
Amadou Ibra Diallo, specialist in health and environment and teacher-researcher at the Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar
Oumar Bassoum, specialist in clinical research and teacher-researcher at the Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar
Polele Sow, Mph public health, research assistant, national tuberculosis control program
Serigne Mbacke Dramé, PhD student at the Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology
Mouhamadou Faly Ba, epidemiologist and research fellow at the Institute of Health and Development, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar
Fatoumata Binetou Diongue, epidemiologist and teacher-researcher at the Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar
Ibrahima Ndiaye, epidemiologist and hospital intern
Ndèye Amy Ba, Chief Medical Officer of the Méckhé Health District, Ministry of Health and Social Action
Jean Augustin Diegane Tine, public health specialist and teacher-researcher at the Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontology, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar
Adama Faye, Full Professor of Public Health and Director of the Health and Development Institute, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar
Ibrahima Seck, Full Professor and Public Health and Head of the Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar