Morphological variability
The morphological variability is presented in Table 2.Different morphology has been observed in all the sweetpotato genotypes under study. In BUTTER MILK, extremely spreading plant type with green vine was found with green leaves having slight lobes type and 3 leaf lobes. The storage root shape was long oblong with pink skin color and white fresh colour. NWA OYORIMA was spreading type with slight leaf lobes type and 3 leaf lobes. The storage roots shape was elliptic with cream skin color and dark yellow predominant skin colour and yellow secondary flesh colour. Dan Bouza was semi-erect leaf type with slight leaf lobe type and 3 leaf lobes. The root shape Dan Bouza was spreading type, leaves were very slightly lobed, and roots were round having creamy flesh colour. Dan Maradi was spreading type having slightly lobed leaves and ovate roots with yellowish flesh.
Table 2. Different Morphological Variations Observed in Sweet Potato Genotypes
Acc Name
|
Plant Type
|
Vine pigmentation
|
Abaxial leaf vein pigmentation
|
Type of leaf lobes
|
No. of leaf lobes
|
Mature leaf color
|
Petiole pigmentation
|
Storage Root shape
|
Storage Root skin color
|
Storage Root flesh color
|
BUTTER MILK
|
Exstremely spreading
|
Green
|
Green
|
Slight
|
3
|
Green
|
Green
|
Elliptic
|
Cream
|
Dark cream
|
NWA OYORIMA
|
Spreading
|
Mostly purple
|
Purple spots in several veins
|
Slight
|
3
|
Green
|
Green with purple near leaf
|
Elliptic
|
Cream
|
Dark yellow
|
DELVIA
|
Exstremely spreading
|
Mostly purple
|
Green
|
Very deep
|
7
|
Green
|
Green with purple stripes
|
Long oblong
|
Orange
|
Dark orange
|
Dan Bouza
|
Semi-erect
|
Green
|
Purple spots in several veins
|
Slight
|
3
|
Green
|
Green with purple near leaf
|
Elliptic
|
Cream
|
Cream
|
Dan Maradi
|
Spreading
|
Green
|
Purple spots in the base of main rib
|
Slight
|
3
|
Green
|
Green with purple near leaf
|
Round
|
Orange
|
Dark orange
|
Koudakou 3
|
Spreading
|
Green
|
Green
|
Moderate
|
3
|
Green
|
Green with purple near leaf
|
Obovate
|
Orange
|
Pale orange
|
Koudakou 4
|
Spreading
|
Green
|
Purple spots in several veins
|
Moderate
|
3
|
Green
|
Green with purple near leaf
|
Long irregular or curved
|
Dark purple
|
Intermediate orange
|
Dan Maradi 2
|
Spreading
|
Green
|
Main rib partially purple
|
Moderate
|
5
|
Green
|
Green with purple near leaf
|
Obovate
|
Cream
|
Cream
|
EBO/SP 2
|
Spreading
|
Green with many purple spots
|
Green
|
Very slight
|
1
|
Green
|
Green
|
Long oblong
|
Cream
|
Dark yellow
|
EBO/SP 5
|
Exstremely spreading
|
Green with many purple spots
|
Green
|
Very slight
|
1
|
Green
|
Green
|
Elliptic
|
Cream
|
White
|
NSPO 2012-005
|
Spreading
|
Mostly purple
|
Green
|
Deep
|
5
|
Green with purple edge
|
Green
|
Obovate
|
White
|
Pale yellow
|
EBO/SP3
|
Spreading
|
Green
|
Purple spots in the base of main rib
|
Slight
|
3
|
Green
|
Green with purple near leaf
|
Elliptic
|
White
|
White
|
NSPW 2012-001
|
Spreading
|
Green
|
Green
|
No lateral lobes
|
1
|
Green
|
Green with purple near leaf
|
Obovate
|
Pink
|
White
|
UYT-2014-37
|
Spreading
|
Totally dark purple
|
All veins partially purple
|
Deep
|
5
|
Green
|
Totally or mostly purple
|
Elliptic
|
Pink
|
White
|
UTY 2014-078
|
Semi-erect
|
Mostly dark purple
|
All veins partially purple
|
Very slight
|
9
|
Yellow-green
|
Totally or mostly purple
|
Elliptic
|
Yellow
|
Dark yellow
|
NASPOT 11
|
Semi-erect
|
Mostly purple
|
Purple spots in several veins
|
Very slight
|
1
|
Green with purple edge
|
Green with purple near leaf
|
Obovate
|
Cream
|
Cream
|
LOURDES
|
Spreading
|
Green with few purple spots
|
Main rib partially purple
|
Very deep
|
7
|
Green
|
Green with purple near leaf
|
Elliptic
|
Pink
|
White
|
Umu SPO 3
|
Exstremely spreading
|
Green with few purple spots
|
Yellow
|
No lateral lobes
|
1
|
Yellow-green
|
Green with purple stripes
|
Long oblong
|
Cream
|
Pale yellow
|
EX-IGRAM
|
Spreading
|
Green
|
Yellow
|
Very slight
|
1
|
Green
|
Green with purple near leaf
|
Obovate
|
Cream
|
White
|
TIS-87/0087
|
Spreading
|
Green
|
Main rib partially purple
|
Slight
|
3
|
Green
|
Green with purple near leaf
|
Long oblong
|
Pink
|
Cream
|
Analysis of variance and mean performance of sweetpotato accessions during 2020 and 2021 growing year
The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) means square values of accessions during 2020 and 2021 growing seasons were presented in Table 3 and Table 4 In over combined growing year, significant results of analysis was recorded for almost 80% of traits; whereas showed a non-significant results for biomass, flower length and flower width (Table 4). Moreover, the analysis of variance showed significant difference of accessions by year with 80% of traits and no significant difference for biomass, flower length and flower width (Table 4). Based on over year combined analysis the longest vine length was recorded for Umu SPO 3 (300.15cm), TIS-87/0087 (255.73cm), NSPW 2012-001 (236.02cm) and NSPO 2012-005 (207.06cm). UTY 2014-078 (37.40cm) was found to have the lowest vine length (Table 4). Umu SPO 3 had the highest vine internode length (6.44cm), followed by NSPW 2012-001 (5.69cm), TIS-87/0087 (4.98cm), and Dan Maradi 2 (4.78cm); whereas, UTY 2014-078 had the lowest (1.10cm). On over year combined analysis. In two years combined analysis, accession TIS-87/0087 (13.84cm) had the highest average mature leaf length, followed by Umu SPO 3 (13.56cm), Koudakou 3 (13.51cm) and BUTTER MILK (13.33cm); whereas, UTY 2014-078 (3.76 cm) had the lowest on over year combine analysis. In over year combined analysis, accession Koudakou 4 (12.57cm), followed by Koudakou 3 (12.00cm), Dan Maradi (12.00cm) and Dan Maradi 2 (9.40cm) had the largest mean root number per plot, while the UTY 2014-078 (2.33cm) and EBO/SP 5 (1.67cm) accession had the lowest value (Table 4). Averaged over years, the highest storage root yield was recorded from Koudakou 3 (2.67cm), Umu SPO 3 (2.41cm), followed by Koudakou 4 (2.37) and Koudakou 3 (1.88cm). The lowest root yield was recorded for EBO/SP 5 (0.19cm) and UTY 2014-078 (0.040cm). I addition, the results revealed the highest total root yield for Koudakou 3 (8.89cm), Koudakou 4 (8.35cm), Umu SPO 3 (8.03) and Dan Maradi (5.47cm). The lowest total root yield was recorded for EBO/SP 5 (0.61cm) and UTY 2014-078 (0.13cm).
Table 3. Combined analysis of variance for agro-morphological characteristics of the sweetpotato accessions in 2020 and 2021 growing seasons
|
Replication(Season)
|
Year
|
Accession
|
Accession*Year
|
Error
|
DF
|
4
|
1
|
19
|
19
|
75
|
VL(cm)
|
5043.99ns
|
21427.76*
|
21661.0283*
|
17859.0448*
|
4373.033
|
VIL(cm)
|
1.0220ns
|
0.474ns
|
10.0282*
|
8.0390*
|
1.391
|
MLL(cm)
|
15.228ns
|
88.925*
|
52.0775*
|
48.580*
|
7.803
|
MLW(cm)
|
1.284ns
|
29.804*
|
21.172*
|
29.237*
|
3.567
|
PL(cm)
|
9.692ns
|
57.480*
|
55.956*
|
61.403*
|
11.404
|
NBP
|
12.311ns
|
85.922*
|
47.894*
|
24.164*
|
10.597
|
NRP
|
4.266ns
|
754.693*
|
52.697*
|
68.473*
|
21.058
|
RL(cm)
|
6.340ns
|
757.138ns
|
89.0242*
|
72.223*
|
20.399
|
RG(cm)
|
7.290*
|
230.467*
|
5.646*
|
4.772*
|
1.252
|
RYP(Kg)
|
0.514ns
|
1.803ns
|
4.0099*
|
3.0213*
|
0.671
|
RYPP(Kg/m2)
|
3.146ns
|
5.0318ns
|
4.955ns
|
5.498*
|
3.161
|
TRY(t/ha)
|
6.0609ns
|
10.377ns
|
45.992*
|
35.607*
|
7.536
|
BM(Kg)
|
4103.286*
|
483.293*
|
85.149ns
|
117.280NS
|
75.814
|
DM (%)
|
4052.431*
|
1521.267*
|
212.319*
|
224.196*
|
90.952
|
FL(cm)
|
18.440ns
|
10.225ns
|
22.285*
|
20.940NS
|
12.624
|
FW(cm)
|
23.527ns
|
98.448*
|
25.191ns
|
25.586NS
|
24.047
|
D50S
|
304.45ns
|
9754.329*
|
948.397*
|
928.693*
|
247.558
|
D50F
|
468.372ns
|
13768.496*
|
704.00207*
|
654.342*
|
203.331
|
D80M
|
667.929*
|
10647.475*
|
1142.587*
|
1023.967*
|
267.19976
|
ns: no significant (p>0.05), *: significant (p<0.05),: VL: Vine length, VIL: Vine internode length, MLL: Mature leaf length, MLLW: Mature leaf width, PL: Petiole length, NBP: Number of branch per plant, NRP: Number of roots per plant, RL: Root length, RG: Root girth, RYP: Root yield per plant (Kg), RYPP: Root yield per plant (Kg/m2) TRY: Total root yield, MB: Biomass, DM: Dry matter, FL: Flower length, FW: Flower width, D50S: Day to 50% sprouting, D50F: Day to 50% flowering, D80M: Day to 80% maturity
Table 4. Agro-morphological characteristics of the sweetpotato accessions across 2020 and 2021 growing seasons combined
S/No
|
Accession
|
VL(cm)
|
VIL(cm)
|
MLL(cm)
|
MLW(cm)
|
PL(cm)
|
NBP
|
NRP
|
RL(cm)
|
1
|
BUTTER MILK
|
198.24bcd
|
4.74bc
|
13.33a
|
10.60a
|
11.32bcde
|
9.20bcd
|
7.50abcd
|
11.72abcdefg
|
2
|
NWA OYORIMA
|
135.05def
|
3.01ed
|
8.18bc
|
6.32cd
|
6.57fg
|
5.06defg
|
3.67bcd
|
6.33gh
|
3
|
DELVIA
|
185.86bcd
|
3.94cd
|
8.12bc
|
6.62bcd
|
8.94cdef
|
6.52cdefg
|
5.50bcd
|
8.17defgh
|
4
|
Dan Bouza
|
148.72cdef
|
4.13bcd
|
12.47a
|
8.26abc
|
8.51defg
|
8.92bcd
|
8.00abcd
|
12.52abcdef
|
5
|
Dan Maradi
|
151.83cdef
|
4.65bc
|
11.73ab
|
9.85a
|
13.17abcd
|
10.69abc
|
12.00a
|
16.92a
|
6
|
Koudakou 3
|
140.65def
|
4.01cd
|
13.51a
|
9.19a
|
12.26abcd
|
8.41bcde
|
12.00a
|
16.02ab
|
7
|
Koudakou 4
|
143.66def
|
4.48bcd
|
11.05ab
|
8.77ab
|
16.16a
|
13.64a
|
12.57a
|
7.33efgh
|
8
|
Dan Maradi 2
|
157.81cdef
|
4.78bc
|
11.59ab
|
9.61a
|
11.44bcde
|
12.20ab
|
9.40ab
|
11.90abcdefg
|
9
|
EBO/SP 2
|
70.27fg
|
1.56f
|
4.99dc
|
5.47ed
|
7.21efg
|
2.83g
|
4.00bcd
|
4.52h
|
10
|
EBO/SP 5
|
90.7efg
|
1.96fe
|
5.66dc
|
6.26cd
|
9.17cdef
|
3.37fg
|
2.17d
|
6.80fgh
|
11
|
NSPO 2012-005
|
207.06bcd
|
4.47bcd
|
10.30ab
|
9.14a
|
12.83abcd
|
6.82cdefg
|
8.67abc
|
8.67cdefgh
|
12
|
EBO/SP3
|
176.18bcde
|
4.51bcd
|
10.25ab
|
10.01a
|
11.96abcd
|
9.33abcd
|
6.33abcd
|
11.57abcdefg
|
13
|
NSPW 2012-001
|
236.02abc
|
5.69ab
|
11.92ab
|
9.93a
|
11.67abcde
|
8.26bcde
|
7.50abcd
|
15.72ab
|
14
|
UYT-2014-37
|
173.88bcde
|
4.25bcd
|
12.21a
|
9.96a
|
15.69ab
|
10.53abc
|
7.50abcd
|
13.80abcd
|
15
|
UTY 2014-078
|
37.4g
|
1.10f
|
3.76d
|
3.90e
|
4.44g
|
4.08efg
|
2.33cd
|
4.58h
|
16
|
NASPOT 11
|
172.18bcde
|
4.13bcd
|
11.85ab
|
10.28a
|
14.45ab
|
8.69bcd
|
6.50abcd
|
10.25abcdefgh
|
17
|
LOURDES
|
182.62bcd
|
4.45bcd
|
10.16ab
|
9.09a
|
13.49abc
|
10.53abc
|
8.50abcd
|
14.15dbcd
|
18
|
Umu SPO 3
|
300.15a
|
6.44a
|
13.56a
|
9.10a
|
12.80abcd
|
10.48abc
|
8.67abc
|
13.92abcd
|
19
|
EX-IGRAM
|
159.13cdef
|
4.26bcd
|
12.483a
|
8.91ab
|
13.08abcd
|
8.24bcde
|
7.50abcd
|
13.42abcde
|
20
|
TIS-87/0087
|
255.73ab
|
4.9833bc
|
13.84a
|
10.71a
|
13.00abdc
|
7.57cdef
|
7.50abcd
|
14.55abc
|
Table 4. (Cont’d)
S/No
|
Accession
|
RG (cm)
|
RYP (Kg)
|
RYPP (Kg/m2)
|
TRY (t/ha)
|
BM( t/ha))
|
DM (%)
|
FL (cm)
|
FW (cm)
|
D50S
|
D50F
|
D80M
|
1
|
BUTTER MILK
|
1.33cde
|
0.817cdef
|
0.153b
|
1.532def
|
8.08ab
|
26.98ab
|
5.59b
|
3.83b
|
72.67a
|
61.00a
|
77.83a
|
2
|
NWA OYORIMA
|
0.70e
|
0.297ef
|
0.098b
|
0.975ef
|
11.92ab
|
13.74bcde
|
3.86b
|
2.38b
|
40.00bcd
|
40.67bcde
|
70.67ab
|
3
|
DELVIA
|
1.16de
|
1.28cde
|
0.140b
|
4.18cde
|
10.97ab
|
15.05abcde
|
4.622b
|
3.23b
|
56.17abc
|
52.83abc
|
56.83abcd
|
4
|
Dan Bouza
|
2.78abc
|
0.283ef
|
0.418b
|
1.39def
|
11.34ab
|
23.85abcd
|
5.66b
|
3.73b
|
66.50a
|
62.83a
|
68.83abc
|
5
|
Dan Maradi
|
3.042ab
|
1.077cdef
|
0.14b
|
3.27cdef
|
17.67ab
|
26.54ab
|
5.62b
|
3.69b
|
64.50a
|
54.33abc
|
71.83ab
|
6
|
Koudakou 3
|
3.052ab
|
1.88abc
|
0.327b
|
5.47abc
|
14.23ab
|
26.05ab
|
5.56b
|
3.78b
|
70.17a
|
52.50abc
|
73.50ab
|
7
|
Koudakou 4
|
3.11a
|
2.67a
|
0.547b
|
8.89a
|
11.26ab
|
8.97e
|
4.20b
|
11.85a
|
52.50abcd
|
51.33abc
|
52.20bcde
|
8
|
Dan Maradi 2
|
2.51abcd
|
2.37ab
|
0.89b
|
8.35ab
|
17.78ab
|
23.26abcd
|
5.52b
|
3.95b
|
66.00a
|
60.20ab
|
71.40ab
|
9
|
EBO/SP 2
|
1.042ed
|
1.22cde
|
4.202a
|
4.074cde
|
6.34ab
|
12.07de
|
2.86b
|
1.95b
|
36.00cd
|
35.50cde
|
38.00de
|
10
|
EBO/SP 5
|
1.22de
|
0.19ef
|
0.408b
|
0.640ef
|
8.05ab
|
15.28abcde
|
3.03b
|
1.74
|
35.50cd
|
31.33de
|
37.33de
|
11
|
NSPO 2012-005
|
0.857e
|
0.212ef
|
0.065b
|
0.705ef
|
7.38ab
|
12.72cde
|
4.80b
|
3.09b
|
54.17abc
|
52.83abc
|
57.67abcd
|
12
|
EBO/SP3
|
2.40abcd
|
0.792cdef
|
0.07b
|
1.99cdef
|
16.69ab
|
16.30abcde
|
4.63b
|
3.33b
|
51.00abcd
|
46.67abcd
|
53.83bcde
|
13
|
NSPW 2012-001
|
1.70abcde
|
1.49bcd
|
0.198b
|
4.97bcd
|
15.24ab
|
25.89abc
|
5.94b
|
3.82b
|
63.50a
|
64.67a
|
73.17ab
|
14
|
UYT-2014-37
|
1.37cde
|
0.47def
|
0.497b
|
1.22def
|
18.48a
|
22.74abcd
|
5.801b
|
3.96b
|
66.17a
|
60.67a
|
71.17ab
|
15
|
UTY 2014-078
|
0.303e
|
0.04f
|
0.155b
|
0.133f
|
5.59b
|
11.43de
|
2.80b
|
1.90b
|
32.67d
|
28.33e
|
33.67e
|
16
|
NASPOT 11
|
0.857e
|
0.287ef
|
0.073b
|
0.742ef
|
10.61ab
|
17.93abcde
|
5.73b
|
3.97b
|
65.33a
|
64.83a
|
78.17a
|
17
|
LOURDES
|
2.88ab
|
0.788cdef
|
0.265b
|
2.11cdef
|
14.00ab
|
22.43abcd
|
12.18a
|
4.17b
|
60.67ab
|
57.00ab
|
69.50ab
|
18
|
Umu SPO 3
|
3.14a
|
2.41ab
|
0.803b
|
8.025ab
|
10.80ab
|
20.35abcde
|
5.67b
|
3.51b
|
57.33ab
|
60.67a
|
67.67abc
|
19
|
EX-IGRAM
|
1.28cde
|
0.995cdef
|
0.333b
|
3.32cdef
|
13.29ab
|
20.15abcde
|
5.59b
|
3.50b
|
67.83a
|
53.83abc
|
67.50abc
|
20
|
TIS-87/0087
|
1.56bcde
|
1.56bcde
|
1.28b
|
0.418b
|
13.47ab
|
27.32a
|
5.54b
|
3.47b
|
70.83a
|
60.00ab
|
47.00cde
|
Values in columns with the same letter are not significantly different, LSD test, p<0.05. VL: Vine length, VIL: Vine internode length, MLL: Mature leaf length, MLLW: Mature leaf width, PL: Petiole length, NBP: Number of branch per plant, NRP: Number of roots per plant, RL: Root length, RG: Root girth, RYP: Root yield per plant (Kg), RYPP: Root yield per plant (Kg/m2) TRY: Total root yield (t/ha), MB: Biomass (Kg/m2), DM: Dry matter (%), FL: Flower length (cm), : Flower width (cm), D50S: Day to 50% sprouting, D50F: Day to 50% flowering, D80M: Day to 80% maturity.
Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance
The performance of the genotypes for each character is detailed below. The results of a study to determine the extent of genetic variation in relation to 17 characters are presented in Table 5 phenotypic variance (VP), genotypic variance (VG), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), broad sense heritability (h2b), genetic advance (GA), genetic advance in percent of mean, and coefficient of variation (CV) were described. The genotypic variance and phenotypic variance for vine length were 5762.67 and 26034.06 respectively (Table 5). The phenotypic variance for vine internode length (11.42) was higher than genotypic variance (2.88). GCV and PCV were found high (36.45 and 73.42 respectively) (Table 5). The heritability estimates for this trait were low (22.14) and there were high genetic advances (73.57) and low genetic advances (32.05) as a percentage of the mean. The phenotypic and genotypic variance was observed 59.88 and 14.76, respectively (Table 5). PCV (73.42%) and GCV 36.45%) were high for mature leaf length. Whereas, the results indicated (24.74 and 5.87) phenotypic and genotypic variance, PCV (57.91%) and GCV (28.20%) which were high for mature leaf width. The genetic advance estimations were low for mature leaf length and mature leaf width (3.93 and 2.43 respectively), with a low and moderate genetic advance in percent of mean for mature leaf length and width (7.54 and 11.48%) and a less genetic advance in percent (7.54 and 11.48%). In addition, very high PCV were observed for Total root yield (234.39), root yield per plant (219.47), flower width (187.62), root girth (145.34), number of root per plant (116.47), Flower length (112.40), Biomass (104.75); high for vine length (97.07), Vine internode length (83.00), and others. However GCV was high for Root yield per plot (107.02), Total root yield (114.70), root girth (66.97), petiole length (33.79), number of branches per plant (42.81), number of roots per plant (44.04), Root length (42.95), flower length (34.14); and moderate for flower width (16.52) and biomass (14.56). Accordingly, heritability estimate in broad sense was low value was recorded for petiole length, number of roots per plot, number of branches per plant, root length, root girth, root yield per plot, total root yield, biomass, dry matter, flower length and flower width. Genetic advance at percent of mean was found high for root yield (26.43). Moreover, it was found moderate for root girth (20.35), mature leaf length (11.48), vine internode length (17.50); whereas, the results revealed very low
genetic advance at percent mean for petiole length (6.66), number of branches per plat (6.99), number of roots per plant (4.80), root length (5.06), total root yield (7.85), biomass (0.59), dry matter (2.25), flower length (5.04) and flower width (0.44).
Table 5. Estimation of genetic parameters, heritability, and genetic advance for agro-morphological characters of the sweetpotatoes
Characters
|
Mean
|
CV (%)
|
GMS
|
EMS
|
VG (δ2g)
|
VP (δ2p)
|
GCV (%)
|
PCV (%)
|
Heritability h2bs (%)
|
GA
|
|
GA (%)
|
VL(cm)
|
166.23
|
39.78
|
21661.03
|
4373.03
|
5762.67
|
26034.06
|
45.67
|
97.07
|
22.14
|
73.57
|
|
0.34
|
VIL(cm)
|
4.07
|
28.97
|
10.03
|
1.39
|
2.88
|
11.42
|
41.68
|
83.00
|
25.21
|
1.76
|
|
17.50
|
MLL(cm)
|
10.54
|
26.50
|
52.08
|
7.80
|
14.76
|
59.88
|
36.45
|
73.42
|
24.65
|
3.93
|
|
7.54
|
MLW(cm)
|
8.59
|
21.99
|
21.17
|
3.57
|
5.87
|
24.74
|
28.20
|
57.91
|
23.72
|
2.43
|
|
11.48
|
PL(cm)
|
11.41
|
29.61
|
55.96
|
11.40
|
14.85
|
67.36
|
33.79
|
71.96
|
22.05
|
3.73
|
|
6.66
|
NBP
|
8.24
|
39.52
|
47.89
|
10.60
|
12.43
|
58.49
|
42.81
|
92.86
|
21.26
|
3.35
|
|
6.99
|
NRP
|
7.37
|
62.24
|
52.70
|
21.06
|
10.55
|
73.76
|
44.04
|
116.47
|
14.30
|
2.53
|
|
4.80
|
RL(cm)
|
11.13
|
40.56
|
89.02
|
20.40
|
22.87
|
109.42
|
42.95
|
93.95
|
20.90
|
4.50
|
|
5.06
|
RG(cm)
|
1.81
|
61.92
|
5.65
|
1.25
|
1.46
|
6.90
|
66.97
|
145.34
|
21.23
|
1.15
|
|
20.35
|
RYP(Kg)
|
0.99
|
83.09
|
4.01
|
0.67
|
1.11
|
4.68
|
107.02
|
219.47
|
23.78
|
1.06
|
|
26.43
|
RYPP(Kg/m2)
|
0.49
|
365.40
|
4.96
|
3.16
|
0.60
|
8.12
|
158.96
|
585.52
|
7.37
|
0.43
|
|
8.73
|
TRY(t/ha)
|
3.12
|
87.95
|
45.99
|
7.54
|
12.82
|
53.53
|
114.70
|
234.39
|
23.95
|
3.61
|
|
7.85
|
BM(Kg)
|
12.11
|
71.89
|
85.15
|
75.81
|
3.11
|
160.96
|
14.56
|
104.75
|
1.93
|
0.51
|
|
0.59
|
DM (%)
|
19.42
|
49.11
|
212.32
|
90.95
|
40.46
|
303.27
|
32.75
|
89.68
|
13.34
|
4.79
|
|
2.25
|
FL(cm)
|
5.26
|
67.59
|
22.28
|
12.62
|
3.22
|
34.91
|
34.14
|
112.40
|
9.22
|
1.12
|
|
5.04
|
FW(cm)
|
3.74
|
131.12
|
25.19
|
24.05
|
0.38
|
49.24
|
16.52
|
187.62
|
0.77
|
0.11
|
|
0.44
|
D50S
|
57.40
|
27.41
|
948.40
|
247.56
|
233.61
|
1195.96
|
26.63
|
60.24
|
19.53
|
13.92
|
|
1.47
|
D50F
|
52.54
|
27.14
|
704.00
|
203.33
|
166.89
|
907.33
|
24.59
|
57.33
|
18.39
|
11.41
|
|
1.62
|
D80M
|
61.89
|
26.41
|
1142.59
|
267.20
|
291.80
|
1409.79
|
27.60
|
60.67
|
20.70
|
16.01
|
|
1.40
|
Characters
|
Mean
|
CV(%)
|
GMS
|
EMS
|
VG (δ2g)
|
VP (δ2p)
|
GCV (%)
|
PCV (%)
|
Heritability h2bs (%)
|
GA
|
GA (%)
|
VL(cm)
|
166.23
|
39.78
|
21661.03
|
4373.03
|
5762.67
|
26034.06
|
45.67
|
97.07
|
22.14
|
73.57
|
0.34
|
VIL(cm)
|
4.07
|
28.97
|
10.03
|
1.39
|
2.88
|
11.42
|
41.68
|
83.00
|
25.21
|
1.76
|
17.50
|
MLL(cm)
|
10.54
|
26.50
|
52.08
|
7.80
|
14.76
|
59.88
|
36.45
|
73.42
|
24.65
|
3.93
|
7.54
|
MLW(cm)
|
8.59
|
21.99
|
21.17
|
3.57
|
5.87
|
24.74
|
28.20
|
57.91
|
23.72
|
2.43
|
11.48
|
PL(cm)
|
11.41
|
29.61
|
55.96
|
11.40
|
14.85
|
67.36
|
33.79
|
71.96
|
22.05
|
3.73
|
6.66
|
NBP
|
8.24
|
39.52
|
47.89
|
10.60
|
12.43
|
58.49
|
42.81
|
92.86
|
21.26
|
3.35
|
6.99
|
NRP
|
7.37
|
62.24
|
52.70
|
21.06
|
10.55
|
73.76
|
44.04
|
116.47
|
14.30
|
2.53
|
4.80
|
RL(cm)
|
11.13
|
40.56
|
89.02
|
20.40
|
22.87
|
109.42
|
42.95
|
93.95
|
20.90
|
4.50
|
5.06
|
RG(cm)
|
1.81
|
61.92
|
5.65
|
1.25
|
1.46
|
6.90
|
66.97
|
145.34
|
21.23
|
1.15
|
20.35
|
RYP(Kg)
|
0.99
|
83.09
|
4.01
|
0.67
|
1.11
|
4.68
|
107.02
|
219.47
|
23.78
|
1.06
|
26.43
|
RYPP(Kg/m2)
|
0.49
|
365.40
|
4.96
|
3.16
|
0.60
|
8.12
|
158.96
|
585.52
|
7.37
|
0.43
|
8.73
|
TRY(t/ha)
|
3.12
|
87.95
|
45.99
|
7.54
|
12.82
|
53.53
|
114.70
|
234.39
|
23.95
|
3.61
|
7.85
|
BM(Kg)
|
12.11
|
71.89
|
85.15
|
75.81
|
3.11
|
160.96
|
14.56
|
104.75
|
1.93
|
0.51
|
0.59
|
DM(%)
|
19.42
|
49.11
|
212.32
|
90.95
|
40.46
|
303.27
|
32.75
|
89.68
|
13.34
|
4.79
|
2.25
|
FL(cm)
|
5.26
|
67.59
|
22.28
|
12.62
|
3.22
|
34.91
|
34.14
|
112.40
|
9.22
|
1.12
|
5.04
|
FW(cm)
|
3.74
|
131.12
|
25.19
|
24.05
|
0.38
|
49.24
|
16.52
|
187.62
|
0.77
|
0.11
|
0.44
|
D50S
|
57.40
|
27.41
|
948.40
|
247.56
|
233.61
|
1195.96
|
26.63
|
60.24
|
19.53
|
13.92
|
1.47
|
D50F
|
52.54
|
27.14
|
704.00
|
203.33
|
166.89
|
907.33
|
24.59
|
57.33
|
18.39
|
11.41
|
1.62
|
D80M
|
61.89
|
26.41
|
1142.59
|
267.20
|
291.80
|
1409.79
|
27.60
|
60.67
|
20.70
|
16.01
|
1.40
|
CV: Coefficient of variance, GMS: Genotypic mean sum of square, EMS: Error mean sum of square, VG: Genotypic variance, VP: Phenotypic variance, PCV: Phenotypic coefficient variance, GCV: Genotypic coefficient variance, h2bs: Heritability broad sense, GA: Genetic advance, GA (%): Genetic advance as percentage of mean. VL: Vine length, VIL: Vine internode length, MLL: Mature leaf length, MLLW: Mature leaf width, PL: Petiole length, NBP: Number of branch per plant, NRP: Number of roots per plant, RL: Root length, RG: Root girth, RYP: Root yield per plant (Kg), RYPP: Root yield per plant (Kg/m2) TRY: Total root yield (t/ha), MB: Biomass (Kg/m2), DM: Dry matter (%), FL: Flower length (cm), : Flower width (cm).
Pearson Correlation Coefficients
In over year combined analysis, vine length was significantly and positively correlated with vine internode length (0.83), mature leaf length (0.67), mature leaf width (0.65), petiole length (0.49), number of branches per plant (0.38), number of roots per plot (0.21),root length (0.36), root yield per plot (0.34), total root yield (0.33), dry matter (0.36), flower length (0.33), day to 50% sprouting (0.48), day to 50% flowering (0.40) and day to 80% maturity (0.46), whereas it had a positive non-significant correlation with root girth (0.12ns), biomass (0.041ns) and flower width (0.13).
In addition, two years combined years showed a significant correlation with mature leaf width (0.79), petiole length (0.61), number of branches per plant (0.55), number of roots per plant (0.28), root length (0.47), root yield per plot (0.36), total root yield (0.36), flower length (0.30), biomass (0.29), dry matter (0.25); whereas, it showed a positive and negative non-significant with root girth (-0.0069) and flower width (0.17) respectively. Furthermore, a positive significant correlation existed between number of roots per plot and all morphological traits during 2020 and 2021 growing years.
In over two year combined analysis, a positive and significant correlation occurred between root length and root girth, root yield, total root yield, biomass, dry matter, flower length, day to 50% sprouting, day to 50% flowering and day to 80% maturity; whereas, a positive non-significant existed with flower width (Table 12). The combined year results revealed a positive significant correlation with almost all the traits, except with biomass that showed a positive non-significant correlation (Table 12). A positive significant correlation was revealed with total root yield, biomass, dry matter, day to 50% sprouting, day to 50% flowering and day to 80% maturity; and a positive non-significant effect with flower length and flower width during 2020 and 2021 growing season.
In over two year combined results indicated a positive significant and non-significant with biomass, dry matter, day to 50% sprouting, day to 50% flowering, day to 80% maturity, flower width and flower length respectively. However, a positive significant correlation existed between biomass and day to 50% sprouting, day to 50% flowering, day to 50% maturity; whereas, a negative significant correlation occurred with dry matter and a positive non-significant with flower width during 2020 and 2021 growing years. Moreover, during combined year analysis positive correlation was observed for day to 50% sprouting, day to 50% flowering, day to 80% maturity; whereas showed a positive significant correlation with flower width (Table 6).
Table 6. Pearson Correlation Coefficients of different morphological traits of the 20 sweetpotato accessions during 2020 and 2021 growing years
Traits
|
VL
|
VIL
|
MLL
|
MLW
|
PL
|
NBP
|
NRP
|
RL
|
RG
|
RYP
|
RYPP
|
TRY
|
BM
|
DM
|
FL
|
FW
|
D50S
|
D50F
|
D80M
|
VL
|
1
|
0.83*
|
0.67*
|
0.65*
|
0.49*
|
0.38*
|
0.21*
|
0.36*
|
0.12ns
|
0.34*
|
0.084ns
|
0.33*
|
0.041ns
|
0.36*
|
0.33*
|
0.13ns
|
0.48*
|
0.40*
|
0.46*
|
VIL
|
|
1
|
0.71*
|
0.71*
|
0.57*
|
0.51*
|
0.36*
|
0.43*
|
0.25*
|
0.43*
|
0.12ns
|
0.41*
|
0.24*
|
0.29*
|
0.31*
|
0.17*
|
0.57*
|
0.54*
|
0.60*
|
MILL
|
|
|
1
|
0.79*
|
0.61*
|
0.55*
|
0.28*
|
0.47*
|
-0.0069ns
|
0.36*
|
0.095ns
|
0.36*
|
0.29*
|
0.25*
|
0.30*
|
0.17ns
|
0.61*
|
0.54*
|
0.63*
|
MILW
|
|
|
1
|
0.79*
|
0.58*
|
0.41*
|
0.56*
|
0.23*
|
0.28*
|
0.12ns
|
0.27*
|
0.27*
|
0.42*
|
0.46*
|
0.25*
|
0.77*
|
0.73*
|
0.76*
|
PL
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
0.49*
|
0.32*
|
0.45*
|
0.21*
|
0.25*
|
0.11ns
|
0.24*
|
0.18*
|
0.27*
|
0.32*
|
0.19*
|
0.51*
|
0.52*
|
0.53*
|
NBP
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
0.46*
|
0.42*
|
0.32*
|
0.27*
|
0.55*
|
0.29*
|
0.28*
|
0.23*
|
0.25*
|
0.64*
|
0.51*
|
0.55*
|
0.60*
|
NRP
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
0.64*
|
0.59*
|
0.71*
|
0.33*
|
0.69*
|
0.27*
|
0.26*
|
0.20*
|
0.30*
|
0.49*
|
0.48*
|
0.50*
|
RL
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
0.49*
|
0.57*
|
0.060ns
|
0.53*
|
0.22*
|
0.53*
|
0.25*
|
0.095NS
|
0.62*
|
0.60*
|
0.61*
|
RG
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
0.55*
|
0.30*
|
0.49*
|
0.071NS
|
0.29*
|
0.33*
|
0.28*
|
0.36*
|
0.38*
|
0.33*
|
RYP
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
0.29*
|
0.97*
|
0.19*
|
0.22*
|
0.13NS
|
0.14NS
|
0.30*
|
0.25*
|
0.31*
|
RYPP
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
0.35*
|
0.14NS
|
-0.032ns
|
-0.0066ns
|
0.95*
|
0.11ns
|
0.15ns
|
0.30*
|
TRY
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
0.22*
|
0.18*
|
0.063ns
|
0.19*
|
0.29*
|
0.24*
|
0.20*
|
BM
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
-0.47*
|
0.079ns
|
0.17ns
|
0.28*
|
0.35*
|
0.34*
|
DM
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
0.16ns
|
0.036ns
|
0.48*
|
0.35*
|
0.43*
|
FL
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
0.12ns
|
0.42*
|
0.42*
|
0.44*
|
FW
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
0.28*
|
0.33*
|
0.89*
|
DFS
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
0.88*
|
0.91*
|
DFF
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
0.92*
|
DEM
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
|
ns: no significant (p>0.05), *: significant (p<0.05),: VL: Vine length, VIL: Vine internode length, MLL: Mature leaf length, MLLW: Mature leaf width, PL: Petiole length, NBP: Number of branch per plant, NRP: Number of roots per plant, RL: Root length (cm), RG: Root girth (cm), RYP: Root yield per plant (Kg), RYPP: Root yield per plant (Kg/m2) TRY: Total root yield (t/ha), MB: Biomass (Kg), DM: Dry matter (%), FL: Flower length (cm), FW: Flower width (cm), D50S: Day to 50% sprouting, D50F: Day to 50% flowering, D80M: Day to 80% maturity.
Nutritional analysis
The results obtained on nutritional component analyses were presented in Table 7. All 13 analyzed sweetpotato accessions, showed different nutrition content though some of them had same content in some of the nutrition. The highest moisture content of 45.13%, 44.35% and42.74% were recorded in Dan Bouza, Dan Muradi 2 and NWA OYORIMA respectively; whereas, NASPOT 11 (37.55%) and Umu SPO 3 (37.82%) had the lowest moisture content. The highest and lowest crude protein of the tubers were recorded in EX-IGRAM (7.64%), Umu SPO 3 (7.48%), BUTTER MILK (5.1%) NWA OYORIMA (2.45%) and Dan Bouza (2.31%) respectively. The storage root of NASPOT 11, TIS-87/0087, LOURDES, BUTTER MILK recorded high value of fat (0.82%), (0.79%) and (0.74%). From these results LOURDES and BUTTER MILK showed same fat content. Moreover, Umu SPO 3 and EX-IGRAM showed lowest fat content. High crude fibre content was observed in Umu SPO 3 (0.86%), EX-IGRAM (0.84%) and NASPOT 11(0.81%). Storage root obtained from NASPOT 11 and EX-IGRAM had resulted into same ash content which was also recorded as the highest amongst other accession. NWA OYORIMA and Dan Bouza lowest as content of 1.27% and 1.26% was recorded. High percentages of carbohydrate were obtained from accession NSPW 2012-001 (54.03%), NASPOT 11 (53.69%) and TIS-87/0087 (53.13%); whereas the lowest result were observed for Dan Bouza (50.36%) and EX-IGRAM (49.56%). For energy the results showed that accessions NASPOT 11 (244.7 Kcal EV), Umu SPO 3 (240.93 Kcal EV) and UYT-2014-37 (240.04Kcal EV) had the highest energy. However, Dan Bouza (214.46 Kcal EV) and Dan Muradi 2 (217.47 Kcal EV) gives out the least energy.
Table 7. Nutritional Analysis
S/N
|
Sample
|
Acc Name
|
MC%
|
CP%
|
FAT %
|
CF%
|
ASH%
|
CHO%
|
Kcal EV
|
1
|
SP-PhD-2
|
BUTTER MILK
|
39.21
|
5.1
|
0.74
|
0.66
|
1.35
|
52.94
|
238.82
|
2
|
SP-PhD-4
|
NWA OYORIMA
|
42.74
|
2.45
|
0.36
|
0.48
|
1.27
|
52.7
|
223.84
|
4
|
SP-PhD-15
|
Dan Bouza
|
45.13
|
2.31
|
0.42
|
0.52
|
1.26
|
50.36
|
214.46
|
5
|
SP-PhD-29
|
Balienne
|
43.8
|
2.66
|
0.47
|
0.45
|
1.28
|
51.34
|
220.23
|
6
|
SP-PhD-20
|
Koudakou 3
|
40.62
|
4.95
|
0.72
|
0.68
|
1.46
|
51.57
|
232.56
|
8
|
SP-PhD-22
|
Dan Muradi 2
|
44.35
|
2.56
|
0.39
|
0.46
|
1.31
|
50.93
|
217.47
|
13
|
SP-PhD-56
|
NSPW 2012-001
|
40.1
|
4.73
|
0.64
|
0.7
|
1.42
|
52.41
|
234.32
|
14
|
SP-PhD-52
|
UYT-2014-37
|
38.67
|
4.45
|
0.68
|
0.72
|
1.45
|
54.03
|
240.04
|
16
|
SP-PhD-64
|
NASPOT 11
|
37.55
|
5.64
|
0.82
|
0.81
|
1.49
|
53.69
|
244.7
|
17
|
SP-PhD-71
|
LOURDES
|
39.48
|
4.82
|
0.74
|
0.67
|
1.38
|
52.91
|
237.58
|
18
|
SP-PhD-72
|
Umu SPO 3
|
37.82
|
7.48
|
0.33
|
0.86
|
1.5
|
52.01
|
240.93
|
19
|
SP-PhD-75
|
EX-IGRAM
|
40.18
|
7.64
|
0.29
|
0.84
|
1.49
|
49.56
|
231.51
|
20
|
SP-PhD-77
|
TIS-87/0087
|
39.22
|
4.83
|
0.79
|
0.63
|
1.4
|
53.13
|
238.95
|
|
MC= Moisture Content
|
FAT
|
CP= Crude Protein
|
CF= Crude Fiber
|
CHO= Carbohydrates
|
Kcal EV=Energy
|
|
|
|
Path coefficient analysis
Path analysis was used to determine the direct and indirect effects of yield contributing features on yield. The effect (dependent variable) was the total root yield (ton/ha), and the independent variables were the number of branches per plant, the number of roots per plant, the root length (cm), the root girth (cm), the root yield per plant (Kg), the biomass (Kg), the dry matter (%), the flower length (cm), the flower width (cm), the day to 50% sprouting, the day to 50% flowering, and the day to 80% maturity. A residual effect of 0.00232 was discovered. Direct and indirect influences of several features on the production of sweetpotatoes were demonstrated using path coefficient analysis in (Figure 1).Root yield per plot showed positive direct effect on total root yield (0.006).
Multivariate analysis
Principal component analysis (CPA)
According to the findings, four main components explained all 83.03% of the variability and which had eigenvalues equal to or, greater than one. Twenty accessions were tested, and PC1 had an eigenvalue of 10.602that contributed to 55.8% of the total diversity and this suggests that PC1 represents the equivalent of individual variables, PC2 had an eigenvalue of 2.825that contributed to 14.87% of the total diversity, thus represent equivalent of two individual variables, PC3 had an eigenvalue of 1.286 that contributed to 6.77% and PC4 had an eigenvalue of 1.063 that contributed to 5.59% (Table 8)
Cluster analysis
The cluster analysis in Figure 2 separated twenty accessions into two main clusters. Cluster 1 consisted of 4 accessions 20%. Cluster 2 had 16 accessions, thus represent 80% evaluated accessions. Cluster 1 was entirely constituted by accessions mostly with lowest mean performance in sized of storage root, leaf size, total root yield, flower size, dry matter. Cluster 2 was consisted accession with superior traits in sized of storage root, storage root number, and yield.
Table 8. Principal component analysis of 20 sweet potato accessions
Traits
|
PC1
|
PC2
|
PC3
|
PC4
|
PC5
|
PC6
|
PC7
|
PC8
|
PC9
|
PC10
|
PC11
|
PC12
|
MLL(cm)
|
-0.28693
|
-0.08038
|
0.03593
|
-0.16244
|
-0.02144
|
-0.19035
|
-0.08932
|
-0.18143
|
-0.08717
|
0.08782
|
-0.03902
|
0.23027
|
MLW(cm)
|
-0.27612
|
-0.11509
|
-0.05132
|
-0.16323
|
-0.23315
|
-0.14714
|
0.17535
|
0.00502
|
-0.12816
|
0.06644
|
-0.42364
|
-0.11811
|
NBP
|
-0.26595
|
0.1789
|
-0.2321
|
0.12179
|
-0.00994
|
0.00837
|
-0.01106
|
0.13081
|
0.10063
|
0.3385
|
-0.18703
|
-0.46686
|
NRP
|
-0.25476
|
0.20967
|
-0.07919
|
0.14236
|
-0.11971
|
-0.11835
|
-0.16699
|
-0.29106
|
-0.3141
|
-0.25968
|
0.537
|
-0.11356
|
PL(cm)
|
-0.24396
|
0.07868
|
-0.26208
|
-0.13562
|
-0.4251
|
-0.01521
|
0.27415
|
0.10663
|
-0.18515
|
-0.43927
|
-0.22871
|
-0.04996
|
RG(cm)
|
-0.20994
|
0.25859
|
0.10867
|
0.38091
|
0.0682
|
0.23442
|
0.05292
|
-0.37309
|
-0.34157
|
0.3923
|
-0.16061
|
0.01141
|
RL(cm)
|
-0.26595
|
-0.16855
|
0.20654
|
0.20978
|
-0.0008
|
-0.02445
|
0.16937
|
-0.20068
|
-0.0282
|
-0.22888
|
0.11344
|
0.13573
|
RYPP(Kg/m2)
|
0.09656
|
0.21789
|
0.58393
|
-0.14747
|
-0.58249
|
0.05143
|
-0.12228
|
0.25947
|
-0.20871
|
0.22199
|
0.08062
|
0.09214
|
RYP(Kg)
|
-0.16045
|
0.43399
|
0.29576
|
-0.10493
|
0.16034
|
-0.02151
|
0.03974
|
0.01371
|
0.32624
|
-0.26188
|
-0.11594
|
0.10414
|
TRY(t/ha)
|
-0.12868
|
0.47411
|
0.20239
|
0.00142
|
0.32932
|
0.00084
|
-0.1319
|
0.22078
|
0.00299
|
-0.25867
|
-0.14088
|
-0.20925
|
VIL(cm)
|
-0.28137
|
-0.00693
|
0.02524
|
-0.26904
|
0.24035
|
0.13865
|
0.16583
|
-0.00255
|
-0.10731
|
0.12788
|
0.08077
|
-0.03443
|
VL(cm)
|
-0.22447
|
-0.09476
|
0.10727
|
-0.50434
|
0.22813
|
0.30237
|
0.29167
|
-0.04599
|
-0.04956
|
0.0663
|
0.16069
|
0.17144
|
BM(Kg)
|
-0.21298
|
-0.03746
|
0.05969
|
0.42386
|
0.03637
|
-0.24854
|
0.50373
|
0.50811
|
0.09934
|
0.13799
|
0.29608
|
0.14443
|
D50F
|
0.27428
|
-0.12245
|
0.01119
|
-0.22975
|
-0.02319
|
0.01815
|
-0.24692
|
0.18044
|
0.13432
|
0.29052
|
0.27258
|
-0.23378
|
D50S
|
-0.27225
|
-0.16102
|
0.06469
|
-0.05227
|
-0.13859
|
-0.21126
|
-0.26422
|
-0.08804
|
0.30599
|
-0.09309
|
0.18117
|
-0.26452
|
D80M
|
-0.22983
|
-0.18865
|
-0.07801
|
0.07694
|
0.25377
|
-0.09963
|
-0.49805
|
0.41683
|
-0.40374
|
-0.0763
|
-0.18049
|
0.33549
|
DM(%)
|
-0.21441
|
-0.27147
|
0.36543
|
0.18955
|
-0.03333
|
-0.14069
|
-0.09449
|
-0.23218
|
0.32849
|
0.02044
|
-0.32083
|
0.11952
|
FL(cm)
|
-0.19275
|
-0.15485
|
-0.05499
|
0.25332
|
-0.1954
|
0.78686
|
-0.14618
|
0.15957
|
0.20585
|
-0.19022
|
0.01552
|
0.04073
|
FW(cm)
|
-0.1401
|
0.39703
|
-0.42509
|
-0.06068
|
-0.1933
|
-0.05382
|
-0.13135
|
-0.06647
|
0.34153
|
0.21579
|
0.04497
|
0.55986
|
Eigenvalue
|
10.602
|
2.825
|
1.286
|
1.063
|
0.713
|
0.637
|
0.563
|
0.453
|
0.234
|
0.199
|
0.11
|
0.094
|
PV
|
55.8
|
14.87
|
6.77
|
5.59
|
3.75
|
3.35
|
2.96
|
2.38
|
1.23
|
1.05
|
0.58
|
0.5
|
VL: Vine length, VIL: Vine internode length, MLL: Mature leaf length, MLLW: Mature leaf width, PL: Petiole length, NBP: Number of branch per plant, NRP: Number of roots per plant, RL: Root length, RG: Root girth, RYP: Root yield per plant (Kg), RYPP: Root yield per plant (Kg/m2) TRY: Total root yield, MB: Biomass, DM: Dry matter, FL: Flower length, FW: Flower width, D50S: Day to 50% sprouting, D50F: Day to 50% flowering, D80M: Day to 80% maturity. PV: Percentage Variation