COVID-19 vaccines have successfully reduced severe disease and death after severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Nonetheless, COVID-19 vaccines are variably effective in preventing symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, and their role in inhibiting community viral transmission remains less well characterized. Here, we evaluated the impact of mucosal vaccination on primary and secondary airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a Syrian hamster pre-clinical model. Intranasal immunization of the primary contact hamsters with a chimpanzee adenoviral-vectored vaccine (ChAd-CoV-2-S) that is the predecessor of the currently used iNCOVACC® reduced infectious virus titers ~100-fold and 100,000-fold in the upper and lower respiratory tract of the primary contact hamster following SARS-CoV-2 exposure. This reduction in virus titer in the ChAd-CoV-2-S immunized contact animals was sufficient to eliminate secondary airborne SARS-CoV-2 transmission to both vaccinated and naïve hamsters. Thus, immunization with an intranasal COVID-19 vaccine disrupts transmission cycles of SARS-CoV-2 and can potentially limit community spread of the virus.