Characteristics of patients
From January 21 to February 20 in 2020, a total of 200 suspected infected patients included 138 COVID-19 diagnosed patients and 82 non-COVID-19 patients by real-time RT-PCR, CT radiograph and clinical symptoms . The median age was 50, of which 74 were male (53.6 %), and 70 (50.7 %) had a history of returned from Wuhan and 31 ( 22.5% ) Contact with people returned from the epidemic area. The clinical manifestations of the patient were fever 97 ( 70.3% ), and cough 79 ( 57.2% ) people, Expectoration 44 (31.9 %), pharyngalgia 14 ( 10.1% ) people, fatigue 31 ( 22.5%), headache 15 ( 10.9 %), a few cases of diarrhea 11 ( 8.0% ), chest tightness 12 (8.7% ). With the Comorbidities of diabetes12 ( 8.7 %), Hypertension 22 (15.9%), Chronic pulmonary disease11 ( 8.0 %), Digestive system disease17 (12.3% ), Kidney disease2 (1.4%). And 14 ( 10.1 %) have the habit of smoking. At the same time, 82 patients with negative nucleic acid of SARS-CoV-2 who
were retuned from Wuhan or had the history of contacting with people returned from the epidemic area collected during the same period, Complete demographic information for the study populationis provided in Table 1.
Table1. Clinical Characteristics and Comorbidity of COVID19 and Non-COVID19 Patients
Characteristics
|
Total (N=220)
|
COVID19 (N=138)
|
Non-COVID19 (N=82)
|
Statistics
|
P value
|
Sex — no. (%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Male
|
113 ( 51.4 )
|
74 ( 53.6 )
|
39 ( 47.6 )
|
0.757
|
0.384
|
Female
|
107 ( 48.6 )
|
64 ( 46.4 )
|
43 ( 52.4 )
|
|
|
Age median (IQR), y
|
50 ( 40-56 )
|
50 ( 40-56 )
|
42 ( 32-56 )
|
-5.935
|
0.000*
|
Contact history— no. (%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Returned from Wuhan
|
124 ( 56.4 )
|
70 ( 50.7 )
|
54 ( 65.9 )
|
4.844
|
0.028*
|
Contact with people returned from the epidemic area
|
59 ( 26.8 )
|
31 ( 22.5 )
|
28 ( 34.1)
|
3.517
|
0.061
|
Smoke — no. (%)
|
28 ( 12.7 )
|
18 ( 13.0 )
|
10 ( 12.2 )
|
0.033
|
0.855
|
Symptoms — no. (%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fever
|
151 ( 68.6 )
|
97 ( 70.3 )
|
54 ( 65.9 )
|
0.468
|
0.494
|
Cough
|
133 ( 60.5 )
|
79 ( 57.2 )
|
54 ( 65.9 )
|
1.607
|
0.205
|
Expectoration
|
80 ( 36.4 )
|
44 ( 31.9 )
|
36 ( 43.9 )
|
3.184
|
0.074
|
Headache
|
23 ( 10.5 )
|
15 ( 10.9 )
|
8 ( 9.8 )
|
0.069
|
0.793
|
Pharyngalgia
|
29 ( 13.2 )
|
14 ( 10.1 )
|
15 ( 18.3 )
|
2.894
|
0.089
|
Fatigue
|
44 ( 20.0 )
|
31 ( 22.5)
|
13 ( 15.9 )
|
1.441
|
0.230
|
Diarrhea
|
15 ( 6.8 )
|
11 ( 8.0 )
|
4 ( 4.9 )
|
0.811
|
0.368
|
Chest tightnes
|
17 ( 7.7 )
|
12 (8.7 )
|
5 ( 6.1 )
|
0.502
|
0.478
|
Comorbidity — no. (%)
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diabetes
|
16(7.3)
|
12 ( 8.7 )
|
4(4.9)
|
1.174
|
0.279
|
Hypertension
|
31(14.1)
|
22 (15.9)
|
9(11.0)
|
1.080
|
0.299
|
Chronic pulmonary disease
|
14(6.4)
|
11 ( 8.0 )
|
3(3.7)
|
1.735
|
0.188
|
Digestive system disease
|
20(9.1)
|
17 (12.3 )
|
3(3.7)
|
5.291
|
0.021*
|
Kidney disease
|
2 ( 0.9 )
|
2 (1.4)
|
0 ( 0.0 )
|
-
|
0.530
|
Note: p values were obtained by a Chi-square test or Mann-Whitney U test. P values indicate differences between COVID19 and Non-COVID19 patients, * P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
ABO blood group distribution
Table 2 described ABO blood group distribution in Severe, Non-severe and Non-COVID19 patients and the blood group type distribution in Severe , Non-severe and Non-COVID19 patients were A = B > O > AB, O > A > B > AB, O > B > A > AB, respectively (Fig 2).
Table 2. ABO blood group distribution in Severe, Non-severe and Non-COVID19 patients.
Patients
|
Gender
|
Type A
|
Type B
|
Type AB
|
Type O
|
Non-Type O
|
COVID19 (N=138)
|
Severe (N=32)
|
total
|
11(34.4%)
|
11(34.4%)
|
4 (12.5%)
|
6 (18.8%)
|
26( 81.2%)
|
male
|
7(36.8%)
|
4(21.1%)
|
2 (10.5%)
|
6 (31.6%)
|
female
|
4(30.7%)
|
7(53.8%)
|
2 (15.4%)
|
0 (0.0%)
|
Non-severe (N=106)
|
total
|
30(28.3%)
|
29 (27.4%)
|
12(11.3%)
|
35(33.0%)
|
71( 67.0%)
|
male
|
16(29.1%)
|
15(27.3%)
|
5(9.1%)
|
19(34.5%)
|
female
|
14(27.5%)
|
14(27.5%)
|
7 (13.7%)
|
16(31.4%)
|
Non-COVID19
(N=82)
|
total
|
22(26.8%)
|
23(28.0%)
|
6(7.3%)
|
31(37.8%)
|
51( 62.2%)
|
male
|
7(17.9%)
|
9(23.1%)
|
4(10.3%)
|
19(48.7%)
|
female
|
15(34.9%)
|
14(32.6%)
|
2(4.7%)
|
12(26.1%)
|
Blood type O correlation analysis
Compared Severe, Non-severe COVID-19 patients to Non-COVID19 with blood group of type A, type B, type AB and type O in COVID19 and Non-COVID19 patients, It indicated that severe COVID19 patients with the blood group of type O compared with non-COVID19 patients was considered statistically significant. (2=4.066, p=0.044, OR=0.380).( Table 3 ,Figure 3),and patients with the blood group of type O had lower risk of severe COVID19 infection.
Table 3 ABO blood group distribution and correlation analysis in Severe, Non-severe and Non-COVID19 patients.
|
a 1
|
a 2
|
a 3
|
a 4
|
a 5
|
a 6
|
a 7
|
a 8
|
Χ2
|
0.625
|
0.433
|
-
|
4.066
|
0.050
|
0.011
|
0.876
|
0.464
|
P value
|
0.429
|
0.510
|
0.463
|
0.044*
|
0.823
|
0.916
|
0.349
|
0.496
|
OR
|
1.429
|
1.344
|
1.810
|
0.380
|
1.077
|
0.966
|
1.617
|
0.811
|
95%CI
|
0.594-3.437
|
0.561-3.221
|
0.475-6.892
|
0.141-1.025
|
0.564-2.054
|
0.507-1.839
|
0.580-4.509
|
0.444-1.482
|
Note: p values were obtained by a Chi-square test. *P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. OR, odds ratio. CI, confidence interval.
Gender distribution and correlation analysis
Compared gender distribution and correlation analysis in ABO blood group of Severe, Non-severe and Non-COVID19 patients. It indicated that severe female COVID19 patients with the type O blood group compared with severe female non-COVID19 patients was considered statistically significant (p=0.049),( Table 4, Figure 4), which showed female with the type O blood had lower risk in deteriorating severe COVID19 infection.
Table 4 Gender distribution and correlation analysis in ABO blood group of Severe, Non-severe and Non-COVID19 patients.
|
b 1
|
b 2
|
b 3
|
b 4
|
b 5
|
b 6
|
b 7
|
b 8
|
Χ2
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
1.559
|
1.572
|
0.213
|
-
|
1.899
|
P value
|
0.189
|
1.000
|
1.000
|
0.212
|
0.210
|
0.654
|
1.000
|
0.168
|
OR
|
2.667
|
0.889
|
1.029
|
0.486
|
1.875
|
1.250
|
0.875
|
0.556
|
95%CI
|
0.772-9.215
|
0.235-3.364
|
0.171-6.188
|
0.153-1.539
|
0.687-5.117
|
0.482-3.240
|
0.219-3.492
|
0.244-1.285
|
continued
|
|
c 1
|
c 2
|
c 3
|
c 4
|
c 5
|
c 6
|
c 7
|
c 8
|
Χ2
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
-
|
0.603
|
0.290
|
-
|
0.134
|
P value
|
1.000
|
0.201
|
0.227
|
0.049*
|
0.437
|
0.590
|
0.173
|
0.714
|
OR
|
0.830
|
2.417
|
3.727
|
-
|
0.706
|
0.784
|
3.261
|
1.181
|
95%CI
|
0.218-3.151
|
0.683-8.548
|
0.470-29.534
|
-
|
0.293-1.700
|
0.323-1.901
|
0.640-16.613
|
0.484-2.879
|
Note: p values were obtained by a Chi-square test. *P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. OR, odds ratio. CI, confidence interval .
COVID-19 infected risk factors
There was no statistically significant of the distribution between Type O and Non Type O (Table5 ), but there was statistically significant of laboratory indexes, and the group of Type O patients have lower indexes except MCV, MCH ( Figure 5).
Table 5 ABO blood group distribution and correlation analysis in Type O and Non Type O of COVID19 patients
|
Non-type O
|
Type O
|
Χ2
|
P value
|
OR
|
95%CI
|
COVID19(N=138)
|
97(70.3%)
|
41(29.7%)
|
1.518
|
0.218
|
0.695
|
0.391-1.238
|
Non- COVID19(N=82)
|
51(62.2%)
|
31(37.8%)
|