Table 1. Dietary Se was added to the basal diet, which resulted in the following composition.
Ingredients (%)
|
Composition
|
Maize
|
53.005
|
Soya bean
|
38.6
|
Rapeseed meal
|
5
|
Limestone
|
1
|
Di-Calcium phosphate
|
1.6
|
Salt
|
0.3
|
DL-Methionine
|
0.17
|
Lysine
|
0.01
|
TM Premix 1*
|
0.1
|
Vit Premix 2**
|
0.15
|
B Complex***
|
0.015
|
Choline Chloride
|
0.05
|
Calculated value of basal diet
|
ME (Kcal/kg)
|
2975.50
|
Crude protein (%)
|
20.50
|
Total phosphorus (%)
|
0.45
|
Total calcium (%)
|
0.97
|
Lysine (%)
|
1.10
|
Methionine (%)
|
0.65
|
Threonine (%)
|
0.85
|
Selenium (mg)
|
0.2
|
DORB refers to rice bran that has been de-oiled.
* Premix 1: contains 200mg of FeSO4.7H2O, 20 mg of CuSO4. 5H2O, 200mg of MnSO4.H2O, 150mg of ZnSO4.7H2O, 1mg of KI.
**Premix 2: Vitamin A (retinol) 540 mg, vitamin B2 (riboflavin) 50 mg, vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) 400 mg, vitamin K (menadione) 10 mg per g of vitamin A, B2, D3, K (Spectromix, Ranboxy).
***Premix 3: Each gm of B-complex contains 2 milligrams of vitamin B1 (thiamin), 10 milligrams of folic acid, 4 milligrams of pyridoxine HCl, 10 milligrams of cyanocobalamin, and 12 milligrams of nicotinamide.
Table 2. Effects of seleno-methionine supplementation on immunological response and weight (g/kg body weight) of lymphoid and immune organs in adult male turkeys
Parameters
|
T1
|
Se-M supplementation/kg diet
|
SEM
|
P value
|
T2
|
T3
|
T4
|
HA titre1(log2)
|
5.17a
|
5.55a
|
6.99b
|
7.23b
|
0.20
|
0.015
|
Foot web index (mm2)2
|
0.27a
|
0.28a
|
0.36b
|
0.39b
|
0.03
|
0.002
|
Thymus (% of live wt)
|
0.35a
|
0.36a
|
0.43b
|
0.37a
|
0.01
|
0.041
|
Bursa (% of live wt)
|
0.97a
|
0.98a
|
1.35b
|
1.01a
|
0.03
|
0.025
|
Liver (% of live wt)
|
2.32
|
2.54
|
2.75
|
2.57
|
0.39
|
0.077
|
The difference between mean values with the same superscripts in a row is not significant (P<0.05).
NS stands for non-significant.
T1=Control; T2= 0.3 Se-M/kg diet; T3= 0.4 Se-M/kg diet; T4= 0.6 Se-M/kg diet
1After an intravenous injection of sheep red blood cells, the haem-agglutinin (HA) titre was evaluated 6 days later.
2[(Post PHA inj. - Pre PHA inj.) - (Post PBS inj. - Pre PBS inj.)] = [(Post PHA inj. - Pre PHA inj.) - (Post PBS inj. - Pre PBS inj.)].
Table 3. Effects of seleno-methionine supplementation on seminal plasma physicochemical parameters and fertility in male turkeys
Parameters
|
T1
|
Dietary Se supplements/kg diet
|
SEM
|
P value
|
T2
|
T3
|
T4
|
Semen volume (ml)
|
0.21a
|
0.22a
|
0.27b
|
0.23a
|
0.015
|
0.021
|
Concentration (×109)
|
3.66a
|
3.80a
|
4.80b
|
3.95a
|
0.25
|
0.011
|
Progressive motility (%)
|
83.33a
|
84.10a
|
89.30b
|
85.25a
|
4.88
|
0.047
|
Live (%)
|
87.67a
|
89.00a
|
92.67b
|
89.33a
|
5.70
|
0.019
|
Dead (%)
|
12.33b
|
11.00b
|
7.33a
|
10.67b
|
1.28
|
0.027
|
Fertility (%)
|
82.42a
|
85.49a
|
94.40b
|
86.25a
|
6.25
|
0.009
|
The difference between mean values with the same superscripts in a row is not significant (P<0.05).
NS stands for non-significant.
T1=Control; T2= 0.3 Se-M/kg diet; T3= 0.4 Se-M/kg diet; T4= 0.6 Se-M/kg diet
Table 4. Effect of seleno-methionine supplementation on biochemical characteristics of seminal plasma in male turkeys
Parameters
|
Dietary Se supplements/kg diet
|
SEM
|
P value
|
T1
|
T2
|
T3
|
T4
|
Total protein (mg/ml)
|
11.40a
|
11.80a
|
14.22b
|
12.12a
|
0.22
|
0.010
|
Acid phosphatase (U/L)
|
16.56
|
19.90
|
23.25
|
21.90
|
1.85
|
0.059
|
Alkaline phosphatase (U/L)
|
1.80
|
1.85
|
1.95
|
1.92
|
0.08
|
0.061
|
Creatinine (mg/dL)
|
0.05
|
0.06
|
0.06
|
0.06
|
0.03
|
0.052
|
Testosterone (nmole/L)
|
6.27a
|
6.90a
|
8.80b
|
7.45ab
|
0.85
|
0.002
|
*TBARS (MDA mmol/l)
|
7.02a
|
6.75a
|
5.54b
|
5.11b
|
0.55
|
0.041
|
**TAC (nmol/l)
|
0.71a
|
0.82ab
|
0.96b
|
0.92b
|
0.03
|
0.022
|
***GSH-Px (u/g protein)
|
13.23a
|
15.26ab
|
20.05b
|
19.16b
|
2.23
|
0.048
|
The difference between mean values with the same superscripts in a row is not significant (P<0.05).
NS stands for non-significant.
T1=Control; T2= 0.3 Se-M/kg diet; T3= 0.4 Se-M/kg diet; T4= 0.6 Se-M/kg diet
*TBARS= Thio-barbituric acid reactive substance
**TAC= Total antioxidant capacity
*** GSH-Px= Glutathione peroxidase
Table 5. Effects of dietary supplementation of selenium on carcass traits, cut up parts and relative organ weight (% of live wt.) male turkey (n = 16)
Attributes
|
Dietary Se supplements/kg diet
|
SEM
|
P value
|
T1
|
T2
|
T3
|
T4
|
Dressing yield
|
72.34
|
71.23
|
73.14
|
72.25
|
0.22
|
0.060
|
Eviscerated. Yield
|
65.45
|
65.74
|
65.66
|
67.82
|
1.85
|
0.059
|
Thigh
|
9.82a
|
9.67a
|
10.04ab
|
10.45b
|
0.08
|
0.021
|
Breast
|
16.54a
|
16.30a
|
17.45ab
|
18.50b
|
0.03
|
0.052
|
Back
|
17.44a
|
17.38a
|
18.20ab
|
19.04b
|
0.85
|
0.002
|
Wings
|
7.94
|
7.89
|
8.04
|
8.07
|
0.55
|
0.051
|
Neck
|
4.62
|
4.55
|
4.64
|
4.70
|
0.03
|
0.072
|
Drumstick
|
10.10ab
|
09.94a
|
10.60ab
|
11.04b
|
2.23
|
0.048
|
Left testes weight (g)
|
30
|
32
|
31
|
30.5
|
3.21
|
0.071
|
Right testes weight (g)
|
27
|
28.5
|
29
|
28
|
2.75
|
0.065
|
The difference between mean values with the same superscripts in a row is not significant (P<0.05).
NS stands for non-significant.
T1=Control; T2= 0.3 Se-M/kg diet; T3= 0.4 Se-M/kg diet; T4= 0.6 Se-M/kg diet