Age group | | | | |
-<70 years (n:52), number of injections ± SD | 5.67 ± 0.25 | 0.202 | 6.20 ± 0.45 | 0.109 |
-≥70 years (n:67), number of injections ± SD | 5.24 ± 0.21 | 6.42 ± 0.47 |
Gender | | | | |
-Male (n:45), number of injections ± SD | 5.62 ± 0.28 | 0.445 | 8.85 ± 0.39 | 0.846 |
-Female (n:74), number of injections ± SD | 5.31 ± 0.19 | 8.75 ± 0.33 |
Family History of AMD | | | | |
-No (n:79), number of injections ± SD | 5.23 ± 0.19 | 0.051 | 8.45 ± 0.30 | 0.057 |
-Yes (n:40), number of injections ± SD | 5.84 ± 0.31 | 9.52 ± 0.50 |
BMI | | | | |
-<25 kg/m2 (n:42), number of injections ± SD | 5.31 ± 0.25 | 0.8 | 8.87 ± 0.41 | 0.32 |
-25-30 kg/m2(n:53), number of injections ± SD | 5.45 ± 0.24 | 8.37 ± 0.40 |
->30 kg/m2(n:24), number of injections ± SD | 5.58 ± 0.40 | 9.48 ± 0.55 |
Physical Exercise | | | | |
-≥1 a week (n:82), number of injections ± SD | 5.41 ± 0.19 | 0.826 | 8.79 ± 0.31 | 0.96 |
-Never (n:37), number of injections ± SD | 5.46 ± 0.29 | 8.77 ± 0.45 |
Educational Status | | | | |
-<High School (n:72), number of injections ± SD | 5.35 ± 0.21 | 0.45 | 8.38 ± 0.33 | 0.654 |
-≥High School (n:47), number of injections ± SD | 5.55 ± 0.23 | 9.46 ± 0.36 |
Bilateral Disease | | | | |
-Yes (n:67), number of injections ± SD | 5.63 ± 0.19 | 0.121 | 8 ± 0.44 | 0.016 |
-No (n:52), number of injections ± SD | 5.17 ± 0.25 | 9.31 ± 0.28 |
Smoking Status | | | | |
-Current or former smoker (n:73), number of injections ± SD | 5.17 ± 0.21 | 0.826 | 8.95 ± 0.32 | 0.96 |
-Never-smoked (n.46), number of injections ± SD | 5.59 ± 0.22 | 8.51 ± 0.43 |
Alcohol Consumption | | | | |
-Yes (n:19), number of injections ± SD | 5.53 ± 0.46 | 0.973 | 9.50 ± 0.75 | 0.259 |
-No (n:100), number of injections ± SD | 5.41 ± 0.17 | 8.66 ± 0.27 |
Multivitamin or D Vitamin | | | | |
-Yes (n:58), number of injections ± SD | 5.43 ± 0.23 | 0.899 | 8.96 ± 0.40 | 0.5 |
-No (n:61), number of injections ± SD | 5.43 ± 0.21 | 8.62 ± 0.31 |
Micronutrition Use | | | | |
-Regular (n:63), number of injections ± SD | 4.49 ± 0.31 | 0.739 | 9.09 ± 0.33 | 0.393 |
-Occasional (n:15), number of injections ± SD | 4.75 ± 0.62 | 8.73 ± 0.86 |
-No (n:41), number of injections ± SD | 4.54 ± 0.26 | 8.33 ± 0.43 |
Fish Consumption | | | | |
-≥1/a week (n:36), number of injections ± SD | 5.39 ± 0.22 | 0.91 | 8.58 ± 0.42 | 0.77 |
-1/a month (n:55),number of injections ± SD | 5.49 ± 0.25 | 8.98 ± 0.40 |
-Never (n:28), number of injections ± SD | 5.36 ± 0.32 | 8.68 ± 0.55 |
DM Type II | | | | |
-Yes (n:33), number of injections ± SD | 5.24 ± 0.30 | 0.376 | 8.30 ± 0.45 | 0.253 |
-No (n:86), number of injections ± SD | 5.50 ± 0.19 | 8.96 ± 0.30 |
HT | | | | |
-Yes (n:76), number of injections ± SD | 5.46 ± 0.20 | 0.746 | 8.76 ± 0.33 | 0.904 |
-No (n:43), number of injections ± SD | 5.37 ± 0.24 | 8.83 ± 0.38 |
Cholesterol Lowering Medication | | | | |
-Yes (n:34), number of injections ± SD | 5.24 ± 0.26 | 0.415 | 8.83 ± 0.29 | 0.797 |
-No (n:85), number of injections ± SD | 5.51 ± 0.19 | 8.68 ± 0.49 |
CAD | | | | |
-Yes (n:41), number of injections ± SD | 5.71 ± 0.25 | 0.078 | 8.66 ± 0.41 | 0.717 |
-No (n:78), number of injections ± SD | 5.28 ± 0.20 | 8.85 ± 0.32 |
Psychotropic Medication Use | | | | |
-Yes (n:8), number of injections ± SD | 5.00 ± 0.50 | 0.552 | 8.57 ± 0.87 | 0.885 |
-No (n:111), number of injections ± SD | 5.46 ± 0.16 | 8.80 ± 0.26 |
BPH | | | | |
-Yes (n:18), number of injections ± SD | 5.5 ± 0.17 | 0.376 | 8.97 ± 0.26 | 0.448 |
-No (n:27), number of injections ± SD | 5.06 ± 0.37 | 7.81 ± 0.73 |
HRT in women | | | |
-Yes (n:14), number of injections ± SD | 4.93 ± 0.32 | 0.293 | 7.62 ± 0.48 | 0.024 |
-No (n:60), number of injections ± SD | 5.5 ± 0.17 | 8.96 ± 0.27 |
ARD | | | | |
-Yes (n:10), number of injections ± SD | 4.90 ± 0.31 | 0.364 | 8.14 ± 0.74 | 0.497 |
-No (n:109), number of injections ± SD | 5.48 ± 0.17 | 8.83 ± 0.27 |
Abbreviations: SD; standard deviation, BMI; body mass index; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared., AMD; age related macular degeneration, HT; hypertension, DM; diabetes mellitus, CAD; coronary artery disease, BPH; benign prostatic hyperplasia, HRT; hormone replacement therapy, ARD; Autoimmune Rheumatic Disease Physical exercise was defined as any kind of continuous physical activity with a minimum duration of 45 minutes. Fish consumption was defined by consumption of a service size as part of daily diet. Alcohol consumption included moderate, binge and heavy drinking as defined by National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) Use of psychotropic medication included antidepressants, anxiolytics, antipsychotics and mood stabilizers. Positive family history included the presence of AMD in a primary or secondary degree relative. |