Medhanyie et al. 2019
|
Mixed-methods design
|
Ethopia and India
|
To develop and evaluate district-level models for scaling up KMC in India and Ethopia that can achieve high population coverage
|
Sampling of baby with birth weight under 2000g
|
The findings identified barriers and contextual factors that affect implementation and utilization of KMC and design to scalable models to deliver KMC across the facility-community continuum. Implementation and evaluation of these models followed at three levels: pre-KMC facility-to maximize the number of newborns getting to a facility that provides KMC; KMC facility-for initiation and maintenance of KMC and post-KMC facility-for continuation of KMC at home
|
Barriers and enabler of SSC in mothers and nurses
Counselling mothers on SSC and breastfeeding
|
Nuraini et al. 2019
|
Qualitative approach
|
Indonesia
|
To assess the skills of neonatal nurses one year after KMC training in the Pasar Rebo District General Hospital
|
Purposive sampling
|
A year after follow-up, there was neither KMC training nor a clear policy. It was mentioned that there was a standard operating procedure (SOP) of KMC and routine transfer of health personnel. however, there were no free KMC gowns to support the training
|
KMC training
Policy and procedure regarding KMC
|
Sanchez-Espino et al. 2019
|
A two-step educational intervention
|
Mexico
|
To assess if a dual educational intervention in a rural hospitals in Mexico could modify current practice and accomplish early skin to skin contact and early breastfeeding
|
SSC and early breastfeeding sampled.
|
A total of 142 births met inclusion criteria, from those, 109 received SSC and early breastfeeding. The average time of initiation of SSC in the first and last month of the study was18,5 and 9,6 minutes of life. The average duration of SSC in the first and last month was 22 and 40.9 minutes. The average time of onset of breastfeeding in the first and last month was 48.9 and 34.4 minutes of life
|
Educate mothers and registered nurses and midwives on benefits of early SSC and breastfeeding
|
Lui et al. 2020
|
A cross-sectional study
|
China
|
To investigate the feasibility and parental experience of adopting KMC in a Chinese context by studying the implementation of a KMC program in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs)
|
Eight NICUs were purposively selected
|
135 preterm infants received KMC, 21.1% of all preterm infants discharged. 94.8% of parents participated in the survey indicated that KMC was positively accepted by their family member, 60.4% of the parents claimed that KMC could relieve anxiety, 57.3% claimed it prompted more interactions with medical staff and 69.8% suggested it increased parental confidence in the care for their infants
|
Training and support implementation of SSC
Information regarding concept of SSC to promote parental knowledge
|
Maniago et al. 2020
|
Integrative literature review
|
14 diverse Countries (Australia, Brazil, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Canada, USA, Estonia, Iran, Finland, Norway, Spain and Sweden)
|
The aim of ILR was to critically analyse data extracted from existing primary research and explore nurses’ barriers in implementing KMC in order to illustrate directions for future research. Also explored strategies to reduce barriers to KMC implementation
|
Purposive sampling nurses
|
The search revealed 19 articles from diverse countries. Four main themes generated from the synthesis of the findings: (i) barriers related to nurses perspectives and emotion towards KMC, (ii) healthcare institution barriers towards KMC (iii) barriers related to parental experience in providing KMC and (iv) strategy to improve KMC implementation
|
Education of mothers on benefits of SSC and implementation of guidelines to promote SSC
Newborn and mothers’ needs
Training programme to reduce perceived barrier and increase SSC practice
|
WHO. 2020
|
Randomised controlled trial
|
South Asia and sub-Sub-Saharan Africa (Ghana, India, Malawi, Nigeria, and Tanzania)
|
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of continuous KMC initiated as soon as possible after birth compared with the current recommendation of initiating continuous KMC after stabilization in neonates with a birth weight between 1,0 and less then 1,8 kg
|
Eligible participants randomly assigned to intervention and control group
|
The intervention resulted in an important enhancement of the paradigm shift of LMICs settings in which mothers are not separated from their baby in neonatal intensive care units model.
|
Promotion and support for continuous SSC
Provide health care for both mother and preterm infants
Promotion and support of breastfeeding
|
Almutairi. 2022
|
A cross-sectional correctional descriptive study
|
Saudi Arabia
|
To describe the nurses’ knowledge, education, belief/attitudes and implementation of SSC and to determine any relationships between them.
|
Convenience sampling
|
Findings showed that nurses had a moderate level of knowledge, positive attitudes/beliefs, moderate education and moderate implementation levels. The findings also revealed a significant association between nurse’s knowledge, attitude/beliefs, education about SSC and nurses’ perceptions towards SSC implementation in a tertiary hospital.
|
SSC knowledge, attitudes and belief
SSC education
SSC implementation
|
Fatma et al. 2022
|
A quasi-experimental design
|
Egypt
|
To evaluate the effect of kangaroo care educational program for mother on weight gain of premature neonates in neonatal intensive units
|
Purposive sampling of 50 mothers of preterm infants
|
88% of studied mothers had unsatisfactory level of knowledge in the pre-educational programme while 96% of them had satisfactory level of knowledge in the post educational programme. 64% of studied mothers had incompetent practices in the pre educational implementation while 58% of them had competent practices in the post educational program implementation.
|
Identify the importance of KMC
Apply KMC steps
Apply the daily routine care (umbilical cord care )
|
Muttau et al. 2022
|
Prospective descriptive study using qualitative and quantitative methods
|
Zambia
|
To describe the implementation of a KMC model among preterm infants and its impact on neonatal outcomes at a tertiary level hospital in Lusaka, Zambia
|
None
|
Total of 573 neonates enrolled into the study. Thirteen extremely low weight preterm infants admitted to the KMC room graduated to Group A (1000g-1499g with median weight gain of 500g. of the 419 very low weight neonates at admission, 290 remained in Group A while 129 improved to Group B (1500g-24999g) with median weight gain of 280g. among 89 low weight neonates, 1 regressed to Group A, 77 remained in Group B and 11 improved to group C (> 2500g) with median weight gain of 100g.
|
Benefits of KMC
Appropriate KMC techniques
Position of newborn during breastfeeding
Importance of practicing good hygiene
Individual support
|
Habte et al. 2023
|
Cross-sectional study
|
Southern Ethopia
|
Assessing the compliance of postnatal mothers toward World Health Organization-recommended elements of KMC and the factors that influence it in Southern Ethopia
|
Mothers who gave birth to preterm or low birth weight infants were purposively sampled using a single population proportion formula with margin error of 5% and a 95% confidence interval
|
The mean practice score of KMC item was 5.12 with 2 and 10 as the minimum and maximum item scores. Place of residence, mode of delivery, birth preparedness and complication readiness plan, maternal knowledge of KMC and place of delivery were identified as significant predictors of compliance towards key elements of KMC
|
KMC technique practice
Adequate exclusive breastfeeding
Placing the baby in SSC position
Maintaining good personal hygiene
Observing the baby
Gaining family supportive
|