Inspired by the nature, biomass-derived carbon attracts many attentions as the electromagnetic wave absorption (EMA) material owing to its advantages including abundant, low cost, renewable and environmentally friendly. However, it is difficult to make further breakthrough in effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) due to the impedance mismatch. In this work, mace-like carbon fibers/ZnO nanorods composites (BDCFs@ZnO) derived from Typha orientalis were prepared via a carbonization process and a subsequent hydrothermal process for the first time. The unique hollow structure of BDCFs and the construction of 3D interconnected conductive network led to the strong conduction loss and multiple reflection. The BDCFs sample possesses an excellent EMA performance with an ultralow filling ratio of only 5wt%. After directionally growing of the ZnO nanorods, an exceptional RL of -62.35 dB at 14.12 GHz and the EAB achieves 6.8 GHz at the thickness of 2.29 mm at a filling ratio of 15wt% were revealed. Mace-like ZnO with suitable permittivity effectively avoid the reflection result from direct contraction between EMW and carbon fiber, further improving impedance match. Simultaneously, a dielectric sum-quotient model was proposed to analyze the EMA performance of the samples. This work not only offers an inspiration for the development of dielectric loss-type EMA materials with lightweight and strong EMA performance by a sustainable, low-cost and easily available approach, but also provides an important strategy toward biomass-derived carbon-fiber-based composites in other fields.