Author, Year, Setting
|
Type of pain
|
Research design, participant details
|
HL focus
|
Key items used in the measure
|
Quality of the measure
|
Elements of HL
|
Feng et.al., 2007 (36)
community centre
|
waist and limb chronic pain
|
RCT (n= 68), 50~78 yrs., and 42% female
|
mastery level of self-preservation knowledge
|
No items shown but a mastery score was presented.
|
not validated
|
Apply
|
Liang et.al., 2008 (37)
tertiary hospital
|
neck, shoulder, waist, and leg pain
|
Cross-sectional (n=100), 16~74 yrs., and 42% female
|
awareness of hot compress
|
Items measure how patients understand the usage, placement and effect of hot compress.
|
not validated
|
Understand
|
Huang et. al., 2009 (38)
tertiary hospital
|
lumbar intervertebral disc herniation
|
RCT (n=68), 43~73 yrs., and 44% female
|
mastery level of diet, exercise, TCM method, health awareness and emotion knowledge
|
No items shown but mastery scores were presented.
|
not validated
|
Apply
|
Li, 2010 (39)
tertiary hospital
|
osteoporosis
|
RCT (n=112), 60~97 yrs., and 44% female
|
mastery level of diet, TCM method, health awareness and emotion knowledge
|
No items shown but mastery scores were presented.
|
not validated
|
Apply
|
Sun et.al., 2011 (40)
community centre
|
osteoporosis; neck, shoulder, waist, and leg pain; arthritic rehabilitation
|
cross-sectional (n=391), 45~59 yrs., and 50% female
|
mastery level of disease-related TCM preservation or treatment knowledge
|
No items shown but mastery scores were presented.
|
Cronbach's α
|
Apply
|
Cao, & Qiu, 2011 (41)
tertiary hospital
|
knee osteoarthritis
|
RCT (n=60)
|
mastery level of KOA knowledge
|
No items shown but a mastery score was presented.
|
not validated
|
Apply
|
Li, 2012 (42)
community centre
|
rheumatoid arthritis
|
quasi-experimental (n=105), 50±16 yrs., and 76% female
|
mastery level of TCM and western medicine nursing knowledge
|
No items shown but a mastery score was presented.
|
not validated
|
Apply
|
Yue, & Yang, 2012 (43)
community centre
|
general TCM knowledge (including pain items)
|
cross-sectional (n=208), 47% 30~40 yrs.
|
mastery level of basic concepts, Chinese medicine knowledge, diet and diagnosis terms, attitude towards TCM knowledge, and TCM healthcare-seeking behaviour
|
Items measures community nurses’ understanding of TCM treatments, perceptions of TCM, and TCM experience for pain management.
|
internal consistency face validity
|
Understand
Apply
|
Guan, 2013 (44)
tertiary hospital
|
lumbar disc protrusion
|
RCT (n=70), 43~73 yrs., and 44% female
|
mastery level of TCM preservation method
|
No items shown but a mastery score was presented.
|
not validated
|
Apply
|
Yang, & Chen, 2013 (45)
community centre
|
osteoarthritis
|
cross-sectional (n=388), 41~72 yrs., and 54% female
|
mastery level of basic knowledge and osteoarthritis-related risks
|
Practise the horse-riding squat as an exercise for OA.
|
not validated
|
Apply
|
Chen et.al., 2015 (46)
tertiary hospital
|
low back pain
|
cross-sectional (n=101), 22~74 yrs., and 76% female
|
understand level of treatment sensation
|
Items measure patients understanding of sensations during the acupuncture treatment.
|
not validated
|
Understand
|
Zheng et.al., 2015 (47)
tertiary hospital
|
knee osteoarthritis
|
cross-sectional (n=148), 88% female
|
TCM treatments selection rate
|
One item shows patients’ or practitioners’ choice of TCM treatments.
|
not validated
|
Apply
|
Yuan, 2015 (48)
community centre
|
osteoporosis; neck, shoulder, waist, and leg pain; arthritic rehabilitation
|
quasi-experimental (n=399), 60~78 yrs., and 43% female
|
mastery level of TCM dietary guidance and disease-related TCM preservation or treatment knowledge
|
No items shown but mastery scores were presented.
|
not validated
|
Apply
|
Jin, & Qiu, 2015 (49)
community centre
|
general TCM knowledge and attitude (including pain items)
|
cross-sectional (n=1726), 47.24±15.28 yrs., and 65% female
|
awareness and utilization of TCM health service
|
Items measure residents’ perspectives towards TCM health service.
|
Cronbach's α
KMO
Bartlett
|
Understand
|
Zheng et.al., 2017 (50)
tertiary hospital
|
general TCM knowledge and attitude (including pain items)
|
cross-sectional (n=218)
|
problems of the clinical application of TCM nursing therapies
|
No items shown but a mastery score was presented.
|
Cronbach's α
content validity: CVI
|
apply
|
He et.al., 2017 (51)
community centre
|
knee osteoarthritis
|
cross-sectional (n=1000), 40~82 yrs., and 55% female
|
know, believe and perform rate of TCM fumigation
sources of health information
|
No items shown but rates were presented.
One item measures choice of information sources.
|
not validated
|
Access
Apply
|
Liu, 2017 (52)
tertiary hospital
|
lumbar intervertebral disc herniation
|
RCT (n=40), 36~70 yrs., and 30% female
|
mastery level of diet, TCM method, health awareness and emotion knowledge
|
No items shown but mastery scores were presented.
|
not validated
|
Apply
|
Zen et.al., 2017 (53)
tertiary hospital
|
osteoporosis
|
RCT (n=86), 56~81 yrs., and 33% female
|
mastery level of osteoporosis knowledge
|
No items shown but a mastery score was presented.
|
not validated
|
Apply
|
Pang et.al., 2019 (54)
community centre
|
knee osteoarthritis
|
RCT (n=60), 38~64 yrs., and 73% female
|
mastery level of disease and self-care knowledge
|
No items shown but a mastery score was presented.
|
not validated
|
Apply
|
Li et.al., 2019 (55)
Tertiary hospital
|
knee osteoarthritis
|
cross-sectional (n=162), 18~80+ yrs., and 61% female
|
mastery level of KOA diagnosis and treatment knowledge
mastery level of physical exercise knowledge
|
KOA can be treated by TCM methods.
Practise the horse-riding squat as an exercise for KOA.
|
not validated
|
Apply
|
Zha, 2019 (56)
community centre
|
Osteoporosis; neck, shoulder, waist, and leg pain; arthritis; rehabilitation
|
quasi-experimental (n=56), 61~77 yrs., and 46% female
|
mastery level of general TCM preservation knowledge and disease-related TCM preservation knowledge
|
No items shown but mastery scores were presented.
|
not validated
|
Apply
|
Zeng, et.al., 2020 (57)
tertiary hospital
|
knee osteoarthritis
|
Delphi (n=71), and 47% female
|
importance level of mastering knowledge of preventing exogenous and preserving methods
sources of self-management and TCM health information
|
Items related to knowledge of preventing and self-managing disease and sources of health education information are assessed by experts.
|
content validity
|
Access
Apply
|
Hu, 2020 (58)
tertiary hospital
|
knee osteoarthritis
|
RCT (n=76), 45~80 yrs., and 61% female
|
Implementation rate of diet, precaution and exercise
|
No items shown but rates were presented.
|
not validated
|
Apply
|
Chen, & Yan, 2021 (59)
clinic
|
soft tissue injury
|
cross-sectional (n=254), 45~75+ yrs., and 65.2% female
|
awareness of the procedure of acupuncture
|
Items measure understanding of preparations before treatments, what may happen during and after treatments, prevention of uncomfortable feeling during treatments.
|
Cronbach's α content validity (no data)
|
Understand
|
Lan, et.al., 2021 (60)
tertiary hospital
|
knee osteoarthritis
|
RCT (n=86), 55~83 yrs., and 56% female
|
mastery level of KOA and Zhuang herb mud moxibustion knowledge
|
No items shown but mastery scores were presented.
|
not validated
|
Apply
|
Niu et. al., 2021 (61)
tertiary hospital
|
knee osteoarthritis
|
Delphi (n=15), 30~50 yrs.
|
mastery level of TCM method, differentiation and diet, post-discharge preservation knowledge
|
No items shown but mastery scores were presented.
|
face validity
|
Apply
|
Fei, 2021 (62)
tertiary hospital
|
rheumatoid arthritis
|
RCT (n=62), 39~76 yrs., and 39% female
|
mastery level of health knowledge
|
No items shown but a mastery score was presented.
|
not validated
|
Apply
|
Liu et.al., 2022 (63)
clinic
|
chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain
|
cross-sectional (n=55), 65~90+ yrs., and 69.1% female
|
awareness of Chinese medicine
|
source of health information; Chinese medicine treatments were believed to be benefit; Chinese medicine treatments for coping with MSK
|
not validated
|
Access
Understand
Apply
|