Mental health is closely related to health promotion. Mental health promotion often refers to positive mental health, not adverse. Positive mental health is the desired outcome of health promotion interventions (World Health Organization, 2002). Preventive and promotive mental health interventions are feasible and effective in all age groups and all settings (Singh, Kumar and Gupta, 2022). Promoting adolescent mental health is the most effective proactive technique to prevent mental illness and disability now and in the future (Santre, 2022). Mental health problems with different symptoms are characterized by a combination of abnormal thoughts, perceptions, emotions, behavior, and relationships with others (World Health Organization, 2019)
Adolescents have vulnerable health problems due to the ages of hormones and the body, changes in the social environment, and changes in the brain and mind. Mental illnesses such as depression, anxiety, eating disorders, substance use disorders, and psychosis appear for the first time before age 24 (Blakemore, 2019). Global databases show the prevalence of adolescent mental health problems as much as 13.50% of those aged 10–14 and 14.65% aged 15–19. Most mental health disorders in girls and adolescents aged 10–14 are 34,840,000 and 44,647,000 in boys. While at ages 15–19, the prevalence of mental health disorders in girls is 41,712,000, and in boys is 44,563,000 (Unicef, 2021). Adolescent mental health problems emerge due to many factors, including social determinants such as parent or family condition, peer group, low socioeconomic status, and community and local services (Carod-Artal, 2017).
Being successful or not in dealing with problems depends on risks and the protection faced. The interaction between risk and security affects resilience (Ostaszewski, 2020). Resilience is an individual's ability to function in adversity or stress. While entering adulthood, adolescents with resilience can face life difficulties (Murphey, Barry, dan Vaughn, 2013). High adolescent resilience is related to lower mental health problems (Mesman, Vreeker, dan Hillegers, 2021). Resilience refers to successful adaptation to stress; it is an individual's ability to maintain, regain or increase homeostasis - eustatic or hypostasis - despite experiencing adverse life experiences (Fotini Polychroni, 2016).
One of the interventions used to increase adolescent resilience is the presence of media as a form of health literacy for adolescents. Online activities can contribute to youths' resilience; thus, social work interventions might harness online interventions to promote stability (Sage et al., 2021). Adolescents can practice making safe decisions in the face of risk, which can build resilience, and thus they can construct connections that offer support (Wulandari et al., 2023). The adolescents who are more resilient offline are also more resilient online (Sage et al., 2021). Mental health and its correlates in children and adolescents up to 18 years old (Mesman, Vreeker and Hillegers, 2021).
Digital technology has been linked to many positive outcomes, including information, peer support, professional online support, and more informal benefits, such as distraction and social connection (Sage et al., 2021). Digital mental health intervention is information, support, and therapy for mental health conditions delivered electronically to treat, alleviate, or manage symptoms (Lenhard et al., 2017). Digital mental health is beneficial for interventions to address mental health problems (Hollis et al., 2017).
In digital interventions, technological barriers, cost-effectiveness, and technical challenges exist, including fragmented and unsustainable systems, lack of clear standards, unreliable available data, infrastructure gaps, and capacity gaps (Aboujaoude et al., 2020). Digital mental health interventions’ challenges are user involvement, user suitability, and digital type accuracy (De Cocker, 2020). This protocol will explain the mapping of digital mental health types as evidence-based.
AIM AND OBJECTIVES
The protocol aims to make a review plan to reduce and minimize bias and conduct review management for quality results (Higgins, Green and Ben Van Den, 2020). A protocol scoping review is essential because the protocol's existence will make the research objectives, methods, reporting, and process transparency more apparent. The protocol will help researchers to set clear goals for reflection, predict possible obstacles and anticipate them, evaluate the success of the process and the results of the review, and prevent duplication of other research (Aromataris E, 2021). It is made for process transparency, management during a review, minimizing bias (although study scoping reviews do not require the risk of bias), and references to digital health interventions for other researchers. This scoping review will describe how digital communication media on tackling adolescent mental health problems and improving adolescent resilience abilities. The aim is to map the types and the effectiveness of digital communication media used to intervene in youth resilience and the point of these media in increasing youth resilience capabilities.