1 SiegelRL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2018. CA Cancer J Clin 2018; 68: 7–30 [PMID: 29313949 DOI: 10.3322/caac.21442]
2 VincentA, Herman J, Schulick R, Hruban RH, Goggins M. Pancreatic cancer. The Lancet 2011; 378: 607–620 [DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62307-0]
3 ObersteinPE, Olive KP. Pancreatic cancer: why is it so hard to treat? Therap Adv Gastroenterol 2013; 6: 321–337 [PMID: 23814611 DOI: 10.1177/1756283X13478680]
4 LeeJM, Kim IS, Kim H, Lee JS, Kim K, Yim HY, Jeong J, Kim JH, Kim J-Y, Lee H, Seo S-B, Kim H, Rosenfeld MG, Kim KI, Baek SH. RORalpha attenuates Wnt/beta-catenin signaling by PKCalpha-dependent phosphorylation in colon cancer. Mol Cell 2010; 37: 183–195 [PMID: 20122401 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2009.12.022]
5 ZhanT, Rindtorff N, Boutros M. Wnt signaling in cancer. Oncogene 2017; 36: 1461–1473 [PMID: 27617575 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.304]
6 AokiM, Hecht A, Kruse U, Kemler R, Vogt PK. Nuclear endpoint of Wnt signaling: Neoplastic transformation induced by transactivating lymphoid-enhancing factor 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96: 139–144 [PMID: 9874785]
7 MoonRT, Kohn AD, Ferrari GV de, Kaykas A. WNT and beta-catenin signalling: diseases and therapies. Nat Rev Genet 2004; 5: 691–701 [PMID: 15372092 DOI: 10.1038/nrg1427]
8 KikuchiA, Yamamoto H, Sato A, Matsumoto S. Wnt5a: its signalling, functions and implication in diseases. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2012; 204: 17–33 [PMID: 21518267 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02294.x]
9 OishiI, Suzuki H, Onishi N, Takada R, Kani S, Ohkawara B, Koshida I, Suzuki K, Yamada G, Schwabe GC, Mundlos S, Shibuya K, Takada A, Minami Y. The receptor tyrosine kinase Ror2 is involved in non-canonical Wnt5a/JNK signalling pathway. Genes Cells 2003; (8): 645–654
10 KremenevskajaN, Wasielewski R von, Rao AS, Schofl C, Andersson T, Brabant G. Wnt-5a has tumor suppressor activity in thyroid carcinoma. Oncogene 2005; 24: 2144–2154 [PMID: 15735754 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208370]
11 BlancE, Le Roux G, Benard J, Raguenez G. Low expression of Wnt-5a gene is associated with high-risk neuroblastoma. Oncogene 2005; 24: 1277–1283 [PMID: 15592517 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1208255]
12 JönssonM, Dejmek J, Bendahl P-O, Andersson T. Loss of Wnt-5a protein is associated with early relapse in invasive ductal breast carcinomas. Cancer Res 2002; 62: 409–416 [PMID: 11809689]
13 DejmekJ. Expressionand Signaling Activity of Wnt5a/Discoidin Domain Receptor-1 and Syk Plays Distinct but Decisive Roles in Breast Cancer Patient Survival. Cancer Res 2005; (11): 520–528
14 IozzoRV, Eichstetter I, Danielson KG. Aberrant expression of the growth factor Wnt-5A in human malignancy. Cancer Res 1995; 55: 3495–3499 [PMID: 7627953]
15 WeeraratnaAT, Jiang Y, Hostetter G, Rosenblatt K, Duray P, Bittner M, Trent JM. Wnt5a signaling directly affects cell motility and invasion of metastatic melanoma. Cancer Cell 2002; 1: 279–288 [PMID: 12086864]
16 WrightTM, Brannon AR, Gordan JD, Mikels AJ, Mitchell C, Chen S, Espinosa I, van de Rijn M, Pruthi R, Wallen E, Edwards L, Nusse R, Rathmell WK. Ror2, a developmentally regulated kinase, promotes tumor growth potential in renal cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2009; 28: 2513–2523 [PMID: 19448672 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.116]
17 WhiteBD, Chien AJ, Dawson DW. Dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in gastrointestinal cancers. Gastroenterology 2012; 142: 219–232 [PMID: 22155636 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2011.12.001]
18 ZhangY, Morris JP, Yan W, Schofield HK, Gurney A, Simeone DM, Millar SE, Hoey T, Hebrok M, Di Pasca Magliano M. Canonical wnt signaling is required for pancreatic carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2013; 73: 4909–4922 [PMID: 23761328 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-4384]
19 MorrisJP, 4th., Wang SC, Hebrok M. KRAS, Hedgehog, Wnt and the twisted developmental biology of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Nat Rev Cancer 2010; 10: 683–695 [PMID: 20814421 DOI: 10.1038/nrc2899]
20 Di Pasca MaglianoM, Biankin AV, Heiser PW, Cano DA, Gutierrez PJA, Deramaudt T, Segara D, Dawson AC, Kench JG, Henshall SM, Sutherland RL, Dlugosz A, Rustgi AK, Hebrok M. Common activation of canonical Wnt signaling in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2007; 2: e1155 [PMID: 17982507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001155]
21 WangL, Heidt DG, Lee CJ, Yang H, Logsdon CD, Zhang L, Fearon ER, Ljungman M, Simeone DM. Oncogenic function of ATDC in pancreatic cancer through Wnt pathway activation and beta-catenin stabilization. Cancer Cell 2009; 15: 207–219 [PMID: 19249679 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2009.01.018]
22 ZengG, Germinaro M, Micsenyi A, Monga NK, Bell A, Sood A, Malhotra V, Sood N, Midda V, Monga DK, Kokkinakis DM, Monga SPS. Aberrant Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Neoplasia 2006; 8: 279–289 [PMID: 16756720 DOI: 10.1593/neo.05607]
23 RipkaS, Konig A, Buchholz M, Wagner M, Sipos B, Kloppel G, Downward J, Gress T, Michl P. WNT5A--target of CUTL1 and potent modulator of tumor cell migration and invasion in pancreatic cancer. Carcinogenesis 2007; 28: 1178–1187 [PMID: 17227781 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgl255]
24 BoH, Zhang S, Gao L, Chen Y, Zhang J, Chang X, Zhu M. Upregulation of Wnt5a promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells. BMC Cancer 2013; 13: 496 [PMID: 24156409 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-496]
25 HuangJ, Fan X, Wang X, Lu Y, Zhu H, Wang W, Zhang S, Wang Z. High ROR2 expression in tumor cells and stroma is correlated with poor prognosis in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Sci Rep 2015; 5: 12991 [PMID: 26259918 DOI: 10.1038/srep12991]
26 Sobin LH, Gospodarowicz MK, Wittekind C (eds.) TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours, 7th edition (2010), Wile-Blackwell, Oxford
27 DistlerM, Rückert F, Hunger M, Kersting S, Pilarsky C, Saeger H-D, Grützmann R. Evaluation of survival in patients after pancreatic head resection for ductal adenocarcinoma. BMC Surg 2013; 13: 12 [PMID: 23607915 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2482-13-12]
28 MikelsAJ, Nusse R. Purified Wnt5a protein activates or inhibits beta-catenin-TCF signaling depending on receptor context. PLoS Biol 2006; 4: e115 [PMID: 16602827 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.0040115]
29 LuC, Wang X, Zhu H, Feng J, Ni S, Huang J. Over-expression of ROR2 and Wnt5a cooperatively correlates with unfavorable prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 6: 24912–24921 [PMID: 26305508 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4701]
30 EdrisB, Espinosa I, Muhlenberg T, Mikels A, Lee C-H, Steigen SE, Zhu S, Montgomery KD, Lazar AJF, Lev D, Fletcher JA, Beck AH, West RB, Nusse R, van de Rijn M. ROR2 is a novel prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in leiomyosarcoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumour. J Pathol 2012; 227: 223–233 [PMID: 22294416 DOI: 10.1002/path.3986]
31 KobayashiM, Shibuya Y, Takeuchi J, Murata M, Suzuki H, Yokoo S, Umeda M, Minami Y, Komori T. Ror2 expression in squamous cell carcinoma and epithelial dysplasia of the oral cavity. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2009; 107: 398–406 [PMID: 19217015 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2008.08.018]
32 Fernandez-CoboM, Zammarchi F, Mandeli J, Holland JF, Pogo BGT. Expression of Wnt5A and Wnt10B in non-immortalized breast cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2007; 17: 903–907 [PMID: 17342334]
33 LeeSE, Lim SD, Kang SY, Suh SB, Suh Y-L. Prognostic significance of Ror2 and Wnt5a expression in medulloblastoma. Brain Pathol 2013; 23: 445–453 [PMID: 23278988 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12017]
34 LuB-J, Wang Y-Q, Wei X-J, Rong L-Q, Wei D, Yan C-M, Wang D-J, Sun J-Y. Expression of WNT-5a and ROR2 correlates with disease severity in osteosarcoma. Mol Med Rep 2012; 5: 1033–1036 [PMID: 22293903 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2012.772]
35 LyrosO, Nie L, Moore T, Medda R, Otterson M, Behmaram B, Mackinnon A, Gockel I, Shaker R, Rafiee P. Dysregulation of WNT5A/ROR2 Signaling Characterizes the Progression of Barrett-Associated Esophageal Adenocarcinoma. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 14: 647–659 [PMID: 27084312 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-15-0484]
36 YamamotoH, Oue N, Sato A, Hasegawa Y, Matsubara A, Yasui W, Kikuchi A. Wnt5a signaling is involved in the aggressiveness of prostate cancer and expression of metalloproteinase. Oncogene 2010; 29: 2036–2046 [PMID: 20101234 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.496]
37 ZhouY, Kipps TJ, Zhang S. Wnt5a Signaling in Normal and Cancer Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2017; 2017: 5295286 [PMID: 28491097 DOI: 10.1155/2017/5295286]
38 RebagayG, Yan S, Liu C, Cheung N-K. ROR1 and ROR2 in Human Malignancies: Potentials for Targeted Therapy. Front Oncol 2012; 2: 34 [PMID: 22655270 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00034]