Availability of Data
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevnetion but restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under license for the current study, and so are not publicly available. Data may be requested from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention at: https://www.cdc.gov/prams/index.htm
Ethical Approval
This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was granted by the Institutional Review Board of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Human Research Protection Office (Study #2233).
Consent to Participate
Written informed consent for participation was obtained from all individual participants before the data collection.
Consent for Publication
Participants signed an informed consent sheet for participation, which also informed them that pseudonymized data may be published. No information that could personally identify study participants has been included in this manuscript.
Competing Interests
All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.
Funding
J.M.N. was funded by National Institutes of Health (K08HL159350), the American Heart Association Career Development Award (CDA34760281), and the Doris Duke Charitable Foundation (2022056).
Contributions
AT: Project administration, Conceptualization, Methodology, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - Original Draft, Writing - Review & Editing, Supervision; DJ: Writing - Original Draft, Writing - Review & Editing; AC: Writing - Original Draft, Writing - Review & Editing; RM: Writing - Original Draft, Writing - Review & Editing; KG: Writing - Original Draft, Writing - Review & Editing; JM: Writing - Original Draft, Writing - Review & Editing. All authors have reviewed and approved the manuscript for submission.
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to acknowledge the CDC PRAMS Working Group: Tammie Yelldell, MPH (AL), Kathy Perham-Hester, MS, MPH (AK), Letitia de Graft-Johnson, DrPH, MHSA (AR), Ashley Juhl, MSPH (CO), Jennifer Morin, MPH (CT), George Yocher, MS (DE), Tara Hylton, MPH (FL), Florence A. Kanu, PhD, MPH (GA), Matt Shim, PhD, MPH (HI), Julie Doetsch, MA (IL), Jennifer Pham (IA), Tracey D. Jewell, MPH (KY), Rosaria Trichilo, MPH (LA), Tom Patenaude, MPH (ME), Laurie Kettinger, MS (MD), Hafsatou Diop, MD, MPH (MA), Peterson Haak (MI), Mira Grice Sheff, PhD, MS (MN), Brenda Hughes, MPPA (MS), Venkata Garikapaty, PhD (MO), Emily Healy, MS (MT), Jessica Seberger (NE), David J. Laflamme, PhD, MPH (NH), Sharon Smith Cooley, MPH (NJ), Sarah Schrock, MPH (NM), Anne Radigan (NY), Pricila Mullachery, MPH (New York City), Kathleen Jones-Vessey, MS (NC), Grace Njau, MPH (ND), Ayesha Lampkins, MPH, CHES (OK), Cate Wilcox, MPH (OR), Sara Thuma, MPH (PA), Karine Tolentino Monteiro, MPH (RI), Kristin Simpson, MSW, MPA (SC), Ransom Wyse, MPH, CPH (TN), Tanya Guthrie, PhD (TX), Nicole Stone, MPH (UT), Peggy Brozicevic (VT), Kenesha Smith, MSPH (VA), Linda Lohdefinck (WA), Melissa Baker, MA (WV), Fiona Weeks, MSPH (WI), Lorie Chesnut, PhD (WY), CDC PRAMS Team, Women’s Health and Fertility Branch, Division of Reproductive Health.