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Research article
Magnetic resonance imaging of the normal dromedary camel tarsus
Usama Hagag
Beni Suef University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0630-2053
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most versatile and informative imaging modality for the diagnosis of locomotor injuries in many animal species; however, veterinary literature describing the MRI of the dromedary camel tarsus is lacking. Our purpose was to describe and compare the MRI images of twelve cadaveric tarsi, examined in a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner, with their corresponding anatomical gross sections. Turbo spin-echo (TSE) T1-weighted (T1), T2-weighted (T2), proton density-weighted (PD), and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences were obtained in 3 planes. Tarsi were sectioned in sagittal, dorsal, and transverse planes. MRI images from different sequences and planes were described and compared with the anatomical sections.
Results: The soft and osseous tissues of the dromedary camel tarsus could be clearly defined on MRI images and corresponded extensively with the gross anatomic sections. The obtained MRI images enabled comprehensive assessment of the anatomic relationships among the osseous and soft tissues of the camel tarsus. Several structure were evaluated that cannot be imaged using radiography or ultrasonography, including the transverse inter-tarsal ligaments, the talocalcaneal ligament, the short dorsal ligament, branches of the short medial and lateral collateral ligaments and the tarsometatarsal ligaments. Specific anatomical features regarding the dromedary camel tarsus were identified, including the fused second and third tarsal bone, an additional bundle of the short medial collateral ligament connecting the talus and metatarsus and the medial and lateral limbs of the long plantar ligament.
Conclusions: MRI images provided a thorough evaluation of the normal dromedary camel tarsus. Information provided in the current study is expected to serve as a basis for interpretation in clinical situations.
Keywords
Magnetic resonance imaging, Tarsus, Camel
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CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
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Posted 13 Jan, 2021
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Reviewer #1 agreed
On 28 Jan, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 06 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 31 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 31 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 31 Dec, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 16 Dec, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 02 Dec, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 30 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 14 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 11 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 10 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 24 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 23 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 23 Sep, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 25 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 16 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 22 Jul, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 15 Jul, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 07 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 07 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 19 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 18 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 18 Jun, 2020
First submitted
On 17 Jun, 2020
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This preprint is under consideration at BMC Veterinary Research. A preprint is a preliminary version of a manuscript that has not completed peer review at a journal. Research Square does not conduct peer review prior to posting preprints. The posting of a preprint on this server should not be interpreted as an endorsement of its validity or suitability for dissemination as established information or for guiding clinical practice.
Learn more about In Review
Research article
Magnetic resonance imaging of the normal dromedary camel tarsus
Usama Hagag
Beni Suef University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine
Corresponding Author
ORCiD: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0630-2053
Badges
Prescreen
This manuscript passed our Prescreen assessment
Complete author information
Appropriate declaration statements
Potential risks to human health
Prescreen
Peer Review Timeline
CURRENT STATUS: Under Review
Version 3
Posted 13 Jan, 2021
No community comments so far
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 28 Jan, 2021
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 06 Jan, 2021
Editor assigned
On 31 Dec, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 31 Dec, 2020
Editor invited
On 31 Dec, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 16 Dec, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 02 Dec, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 30 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 14 Nov, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 11 Nov, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 10 Nov, 2020
Editor assigned
On 24 Sep, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 23 Sep, 2020
Editor invited
On 23 Sep, 2020
No comments provided
Editorial decision: Major revision
On 25 Aug, 2020
Review #2 received
Received 16 Aug, 2020
Reviewer #2 agreed
On 22 Jul, 2020
Review #1 received
Received 15 Jul, 2020
Reviewers invited
Invitations sent on 07 Jul, 2020
Reviewer #1 agreed
On 07 Jul, 2020
Editor assigned
On 19 Jun, 2020
Submission checks complete
On 18 Jun, 2020
Editor invited
On 18 Jun, 2020
First submitted
On 17 Jun, 2020
Metrics
Comments: 0
PDF Downloads: ...
HTML Views: ...
License:
This work is licensed under a CC BY 4.0 License. Read Full License
Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the most versatile and informative imaging modality for the diagnosis of locomotor injuries in many animal species; however, veterinary literature describing the MRI of the dromedary camel tarsus is lacking. Our purpose was to describe and compare the MRI images of twelve cadaveric tarsi, examined in a 1.5 Tesla MRI scanner, with their corresponding anatomical gross sections. Turbo spin-echo (TSE) T1-weighted (T1), T2-weighted (T2), proton density-weighted (PD), and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences were obtained in 3 planes. Tarsi were sectioned in sagittal, dorsal, and transverse planes. MRI images from different sequences and planes were described and compared with the anatomical sections.
Results: The soft and osseous tissues of the dromedary camel tarsus could be clearly defined on MRI images and corresponded extensively with the gross anatomic sections. The obtained MRI images enabled comprehensive assessment of the anatomic relationships among the osseous and soft tissues of the camel tarsus. Several structure were evaluated that cannot be imaged using radiography or ultrasonography, including the transverse inter-tarsal ligaments, the talocalcaneal ligament, the short dorsal ligament, branches of the short medial and lateral collateral ligaments and the tarsometatarsal ligaments. Specific anatomical features regarding the dromedary camel tarsus were identified, including the fused second and third tarsal bone, an additional bundle of the short medial collateral ligament connecting the talus and metatarsus and the medial and lateral limbs of the long plantar ligament.
Conclusions: MRI images provided a thorough evaluation of the normal dromedary camel tarsus. Information provided in the current study is expected to serve as a basis for interpretation in clinical situations.
Figure 1
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 7
Figure 8
Figure 9
Figure 10
Figure 11